2012年6月份英語(yǔ)四級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模擬試題及答案詳解LtD2012年6月份英語(yǔ)四級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模擬試題及答案詳解PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicToBeCivilizedTourists.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.隨著旅游人數(shù)增多，游客不文明現(xiàn)象突增2.分析此現(xiàn)象造成的不良影響3.提倡大家做文明游客ToBeCivilizedTourists______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.lackofsustainableresourceconsumptionpoliciescontinuetostresssensitiveecosystems.SomeofthehighestratesofgrowthareoccurringintheEarth'sspecies-richtropicalregions.Forexample,75millionpeoplealreadyinhabittherainforestsoftheUpperAmazoniaandGuyanaShieldinSouthAmerica,theCongoBasininAfrica,andtheNewGuinea/MelanesianIslandsbetweenAsiaandAustralia,andtheirpopulationsarecontinuingtoexpandatnearly250%oftheworldaverage.Thedestructionofnaturalhabitatstoaccommodatepopulationgrowthandmigrationisthesinglelargestfactorinthelossofspeciesandevenentireecosystems.InthecontinentalUnitedStatesalone,98%ofvirginforestsand51%ofnaturalwetlandshavebeendestroyed.However,lesserhumanintrusions,suchastheremovalofasinglenativepopulationortheintroductionofanon-nativespeciescanalsoseverelydisruptthefunctioningofnaturalecosystems,duetothecomplexnatureoftheirinterrelationshipsandprocesses.Humanactivityalsoproducespollutionandcontaminationwhichcanaffectalllevelsofbiodiversity.Poisonoussubstancesreleasedintoourairandwaternotonlyimpactregionalecosystems,butcanextendtheirharmfuleffectsbeyondstateandnationalborders,asinthecaseofacidrain.Continueddischargeofothersubstancesintotheatmosphere,thoughnotnecessarilypoisonous,leadstotheozonedepletioninthestratosphereandincreasedpenetrationofultravioletradiationtothelandandocean.Scientistshaveidentifiedthe“greenhouseeffects”,whereincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxide,methane,andothergasescaptureheatwithintheEarth'satmosphere.Thisclimaticglobalwarmingisofparticularconcerninthecoldtemperateandpolarregions,wherepossibleclimaticshiftscouldleavebehindentirerangesofplantandanimalspecies.Becauseclimaticchangeswouldbemostseverenearthepoles,entireArcticandAntarcticecosystemscouldbethreatenedwithextinction.Carbonreleasedfromtheburningoffossilfuelsandnaturalhabitatsisakeycauseofglobalwarming.Accordingtoa1992reportbytheU.S.OfficeofTechnologyAssessment,theburningoftropicalforestsoutsidetheUnitedStatesaccountedforapproximately25%ofallcarbonreleasedintotheatmosphereduringtheprecedingdecade.Globalclimatechangescanaltertheenvironmentanddisruptecosystems,resultinginlossofspeciesandpopulationsthatareunabletoeithermigrateoradapttonewecologicalconditions.Theultimateeffectsoftheseclimatechangesareunknownbutriskpotentiallyseriousconsequencesforhumansaswellasotherspecies.Certainlyovermillionsofyearsspeciesadaptedtoalternativeclimaticwarmingandcooling,theexpansionorshrinkageofcontinentalshelvesandtheinvasionofnewcompetitorsandparasites.Thosethatcouldnotchangebecameextinct,butatsucharelativelyslowratethatotherbetter-adaptedspeciesevolvedtoreplacethem.Inthemidstofendlessturnover,thebalanceoflifewassustained.Butnowthevelocityofchangeistoogreatforlifetohandle,andthebalancehasbeendisturbed.Ithasreacheddangerouslyhighlevelswithinasinglehumanlifespan,merelyatickingeologicaltime.Humanityiscreatingaradicalnewenvironmenttooquicklytoallowthespeciestoadjust.Speciesneedthousandsormillionsofyearstoassemblecomplexgeneticadaptations.Mostoflifeisconsequentlyatrisk.Weareatrisk.1.Thelowerthelatitudeandaltitudeare,thehigherthedegreeofspeciesdiversityonlandcanalwaysbefound.2.Theareaoftropicalrainforestshasdecreasedby45%orsosinceman'sarrival.3.Tropicalrainforestsarehometoallland-livingplantandanimalspeciesonEarth.4.AccordingtoEdwardWilson,man'scuttingandburningalonemakesannuallossofthousandsofindividualrainforestspecies.5.Thefastestgrowthofthreatscausedbyhumanactivitytobiodiversityisusuallyhappeninginspecies-richtropicalregions.6.ThevastmajorityofvirginforestsandabouthalfofnaturalwetlandshavebeendestroyedinthecontinentalUS.7.EntireArcticandAntarcticecosystemsarethreatenedwithextinction,forclimaticchangesaremostseverenearthepoles.1.[Y][N][NG] 2.[Y][N][NG] 3.[Y][N][NG] 4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG] 6.[Y][N][NG] 7.[Y][N][NG]8.Acidrainisoneofthepoisonoussubstanceswhichnotonlyextendsitsharmfuleffectsbeyondstateandnationalborders,butimpacts___________________________.9.Lossofspeciesandpopulationsfailuretomigrateortoadapttonewecologicalconditionscanbecausedby___________________________.10.Overmillionsofyearsthespeedofless-adaptedspeciesthatwerereplacedbyotherbetter-adaptedoneswere___________________________.PartIII ListeningComprehension (35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.[A]Bothspeakersthinkhalfofthestaffareefficient.[B]Thewomanhasafavorableopinionofthestaff.[C]Neitherofthemhasafavorableopinionofthestaff.[D]Thewomanisarestaurantmanagerherself.12.[A]Inabikeparkinglot.[B]Atabikerepairshop.[C]Inabikeshowroom.[D]Inabikefactory.13.[A]Shopfornewclothes.[B]Losesomeweight.[C]Havehisjeansaltered.[D]Wearclothesthatfitmoretightly.14.[A]Paulshouldtakeoverhisuncle'sbusinessnow.[B]Hedoesn'tagreewiththewoman'sremarks.[C]Paulshouldstayanotheryearforhisstudies.[D]HefeltupsetbyPaul'shastydecision.15.[A]Gocrossthebridge.[B]Repeattheexperiment.[C]Cometothebridgegame.[D]Waitandseewhatwillhappen.16.[A]Itwasn'tgoodinvestment.[B]Itshouldhavelastedlonger.[C]Themanshouldbuynewpartsforit.[D]Themanwon'tbeabletogetitrepaired.17.[A]Nickrepairedithimself.[B]Nicknowworksinagarage.[C]Nickhadhismotorcyclefixed.[D]Nickwastedhismoney.18.[A]Hewishestohavemorecourseslikeit.[B]Hefindsithardtofollowtheteacher.[C]Hewishestheteacherwouldtalkmore.[D]Hedoesn'tliketheteacher'saccent.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.[A]Theman'spayraise.[B]Acareerladderfortheman.[C]Theman'seducation.[D]Anewchanceforeveryonetobepromoted.20.[A]Threeyears.[B]Fouryears.[C]Fiveyears.[D]Sixyears.21.[A]Thepersonwhohasthestrongwill.[B]Thepersonwhohasattendedtheadultschool.[C]Thepersonwhocanpassthetestofarithmetic.[D]Thepersonwhocanworkatcomputersquicklyafteratwo-daytraining.22.[A]Themaniseagertoattendthetraining.[B]Themanisnotveryinterestedinthischanceforpromotion.[C]Themanhasbeentrainingforcomputerworksincelastyear.[D]ThemanisnotconfidentinhischancetobepromotedtotheGrade7.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.[A]Toseehistutorforhelp.[B]Tohelpthewomanwithherreport.[C]Tofindsomematerialsforhisessay.[D]Toreadbooksontheeffectofsmokingbyparentsontheirchildren.24.[A]Thecomputerdoesn'tworkproperly.[B]Peteriswritinganessayonenvironment.[C]MaryismuchbetterthanPeterinusingcomputers.[D]Peteristakingacomputerclasswhichishelpful.25.[A]Standinginthequeue.[B]Waitingforafreecomputer.[C]Askinghistutortorecommendhimsomebooks.[D]Usingthecomputertofindtheneededinformation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.[A]Remembertheentiretraderoute.[B]Knowthemakingofproducts.[C]Receivecertainspecialtraining.[D]Dealwithalotofdifficulties.27.[A]Becauseitwasmadeupofdifferentroutes.[B]Becausesilktradingbecamelesspopular.[C]Becauseseatravelprovidedeasierroutes.[D]Becausepeopleneededfewerforeigngoods.28.[A]Becausepeoplelearnedfromoneanother.[B]Becausepeoplesharedeachother'sbeliefs.[C]Becausepeopletradedgoodsalongtheroute.[D]Becausepeopleearnedtheirlivingbytraveling.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.[A]Theyworryaboutschool.[B]Theydislikelivingwiththeirparents.[C]Theyhavetobelockedintoavoidtroubles.[D]Theyquarrelalotwithotherfamilymembers.30.[A]Theydon'twanttomakefamilydecisions.[B]Theydon'twanttosharefamilyresponsibility.[C]Theydon'twanttogoboatingwiththeirfamily.[D]Theydon'twanttocausetroubleintheirfamilies.31.[A]Theygivetheirchildrenmorefreedom.[B]Theycarelessabouttheirchildren'slife.[C]Theyaremuchstricterwiththeirchildren.[D]Theygotoclubsmoreoftenwiththeirchildren.32.[A]Negotiationinfamily.[B]Educationinfamily.[C]Harmonyinfamily.[D]Teenagetroubleinfamily.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.[A]BecauseAmerywasfondofgames.[B]BecauseAmerywasofsimilarsize.[C]BecauseAmerywasgoodatsports.[D]BecauseAmerylookedlikeananimal.34.[A]Becausehewaslaughedatbyotherboys.[B]BecausehepushedAmeryhardandhurthim.[C]Becauseheplayedajokeonanoutstandingathlete.[D]BecauseAmeryturnedouttobeinthesamegrade.35.[A]ThewritercouldrunfasterthanAmery.[B]Thewriterlikedplayingonboysofallsizes.[C]AmerywasastudentinGradeFour.[D]Ameryforgavethewriterforhisrudebehavior.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Sixteen-year-oldMichaelViscardsiofSanDiegowonfirstprizeintheSiemensWestinghouseCompetitioninMath,ScienceandTechnology.Heshowed(36)_______toanineteen-centurymathproblem.Michaelhasbeen(37)_______byhismother,whohasadoctorateinneuroscience.Healsoworkedonhisprojectwithaprofessoratauniversity.TheNationalCenterforEducationStatisticsdidits(38)_______researchonhome-schoolingin2003.Researchers(39)_______thatmorethanonemillionAmericanstudentslearnedathome.Thatwasmorethantwopercentoftheschool-agepopulation.MichaelViscardsi,forexample,hasbeentaughtmostlyathome,butwith(40)_______mathclassesatalocaluniversity.Theresearchersaskedparentswhytheyhome-schooledtheirchildren.Thirty-onepercentsaidthemostimportantreasonwas(41)abouttheenvironmentofthelocalschools.Thirtypercentsaiditwastoprovide(42)_______instruction.Sixteenpercentsaidtheywerenotsatisfiedwiththequalityofthe(43)_______inthelocalschools.(44)_____________________________________________________________________________________.Aneducationexpertsaidmuchofthisincreasewasincitieswithhistoriesofracialtension.Also,(45)_____________________________________________________________________________________________.Criticsofhome-schoolingsaychildrenneedtoattendschooltohelpthemlearnsocialskills.Theyalsosaythathome-schooledchildrendonotgetaverygoodeducation.Still,(46)_____________________________________________________________________________________________.PartIV ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) (25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Moneydoesn'tbuyhappiness,andnowthere'sastudytoproveit.Australianresearchersfoundthatpeopleinwell-offSydneyareamongthemostmiserableinthecountry,whilethoseinsomeofthe47areasaremuchmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.“Onlyatvery,veryhighlevelsdoesmoneyactuallyhaveanyimpacttoactasabuffer(起緩沖作用的物),”saidDeakinUniversityresearcherLizEckerman.“Moneydoesn'tactuallybuyhappinessandthat'swhatwasshownvery48forthenearly23,000peoplewe've49sofar,”shetoldABCradio.Thefindings,collated（比較）since2001,50thatwhiletherearenoextremesofwell-beinginAustralia,thehappiestareashadalowerpopulation,morepeopleaged55orover,morewomen,moremarriedpeopleand51incomeinequality.Thesurvey52aperson'ssatisfactionwiththeirstandardofliving,health,relationships,lifeachievement,safety,communityconnectionandfuture53______.RobertCummins,aprofessorofpsychologyatDeakinwhocompiledthesurvey'sscorecard,putthe54downtothehighercostofhousingandhighpopulation55incities.“Peopleintheseruralareasoftenhavetheadvantageof56disposableincomesincethecostofliving,particularlyhousing,tendstobereducedoutsidethecities,”hetoldTheAustraliannewspaper.Ofthe150nationalelectorates(選區(qū))surveyed,oneofthenation'spoorest,WideBayinruralQueensland,wasamongthehappiest.[A]interviewed [F]additional [K]less[B]actually [G]more [L]excess[C]explore [H]density [M]poorest[D]security [I]show [N]clearly[E]richest [J]difference [O]assessedSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foryearstherehavebeenendlessarticlesstatingthatscientistsareonthevergeofachievingartificialintelligence,andthatitisjustaroundthecorner.Thetruthisthatitmaybejustaroundthecorner,buttheyhaven'tyetfoundtherightclock.Artificialintelligenceaimstobuildmachinesthatcanthink.Oneimmediateproblemistodefinethought,whichisharderthanyoumightthink.Thespecialistsinthefieldofartificialintelligencecomplain,withsomejustification,thatanythingthattheirmachinesdoisdismissedasnotbeingthought.Forexample,computerscannowplayvery,verygoodchess.Theycan'tbeatthegreatestplayersintheworld,buttheycanbeatjustaboutanybodyelse.Ifahumanbeingplayedchessatthislevel,heorshewouldcertainlybeconsideredsmart.Whynotamachine?Theansweristhatthemachinedoesn'tdoanythingcleverinplayingchess.Itusesitsblindingspeedtodoabrute-force(殘忍的)searchofallpossiblemovesforseveralmovesahead,evaluatestheoutcomesandpicksthebest.Humansdon'tplaychessthatway.Theyseepatterns,whichcomputersdon't.Thiswoodenapproachtothoughtcharacterizesmachineintelligence.Computershavenojudgment,noflexibility,andnocommonsense.So-calledexpertsystems,oneofthehottestareasinartificialintelligence,aimtomimicthereasoningprocessesofhumanexpertsinalimitedfield,suchasmedicaldiagnosisorweatherforecasting.Theremaybelimitedcommercialapplicationsforthissortofthing,butthereisnowaytomakeamachinethinkaboutanythingunderthesun,whichateenagercando.Thehallmark(特征)ofartificialintelligencetodateisthatifaproblemisseverelyrestricted,amachinecanachievelimitedsuccess.Butwhentheproblemisexpandedtoarealisticone,computersfallflatontheirdisplayscreens.Forexample,machinescanunderstandafewwordsspokenindividuallybyaspeakerthattheyhavebeentrainedtohear.Theycannotunderstandcontinuousspeechusinganunlimitedvocabularyspokenbyjustanyspeaker.57.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthor______.[A]thinksthatscientistsareabouttoachieveartificialintelligence[B]doubtswhetherscientistscaneverachieveartificialintelligence[C]doesnotthinkthatscientistshavefoundrealartificialintelligence[D]issurethatscientistshaveachievedartificialintelligence58.Welearnfromthesecondparagraphthat______.[A]thewriterthinksthatthespecialists'complainshavesomereasons[B]anythingthatthecomputerdoescanberegardedasthought[C]itisnotverydifficulttodefinethought[D]computersplaychessinexactlythesamewayashumans59.Theadvantageofthecomputerinplayingchessliesinits______.[A]clevernessinthinkingoutoriginalmoves[B]abilitytopickupthebestoutofallpossiblemovesveryquickly[C]flexibilityinchoosingseveraldifferentmoves[D]abilitytoseepatterns60.Thecharacteristicofmachineintelligenceisits______.[A]correctjudgment[B]highflexibility[C]abilitytothinkaboutanything[D]rigidapproachtothought61.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcomputersistrueaccordingtothepassage?[A]Computerscanbeatanychessplayerintheworld.[B]Computerscanneverbeusedtoforecastweather.[C]Computerscanbetrainedtounderstandsomewordsspokenbyaspeaker.[D]Computerscanbemadetothinkasateenagerdoes.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.Occasionallythemovementofafamilyawayfromasituationwhichhasbeenthesourceofconflictresultsingreaterfamilyorganization,butonthewhole,mobilityisdisorganizing.Individualsandfamiliesareinvolvedinthreetypesofmobility-movementinspace,movementupordowninsocialstatus,andthemovementofideas.Thesearetermedrespectivelyspatial(空間的),vertical,andideational(概念的)mobility.Agreatincreaseinspatialmobilityhasgonealongwithimprovementsinrailandwatertransportation,theinventionanduseoftheautomobile,andtheavailabilityofairplanepassengerservice.Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.Oneindexoftheincreaseinverticalmobilityisthegreatincreaseintheproportionofsons,andtosomeextentdaughters,whoengageinoccupationsotherthanthoseoftheparents.Anotherindexofverticalmobilityisthedegreeofintermarriagebetweensocialclasses.Thisoccursalmostexclusivelybetweenclasseswhichareadjacent(鄰近的)toeachother.Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.Theincreaseinideationalmobilityismeasuredbytheincreaseinpublications,suchasnewspapers,magazines,andbooks,theincreaseinthepercentageofthepopulationowningradios,andtheincreaseintelevisionsets.Allthesetendtointroducenewideasintothehome.Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.62.Whatthepassagetellsuscanbesummarizedbythestatementthat______.[A]potentialdisorganizationispresentintheAmericanfamily[B]familydisorganizationismoreorlesstheresultofmobility[C]themovementofafamilyisoneofthefactorsinraisingitssocialstatus[D]socialdevelopmentresultsinadeclineintheimportanceoftraditionalfamilies63.Accordingtothepassage,thosewholiveinatraditionalfamily______.[A]cangetmorehelpfromtheirfamilymembersiftheyareintrouble[B]willhavemorefreedomofactionandthoughtiftheymoveawayfromit[C]arelesslikelytoquarrelwithothersbecauseofconventionalityandstability[D]havetodependontheirrelativesandfriendsiftheydonotmoveawayfromit64.Potentialdisorganizationexistsinthosefamiliesinwhich______.[A]bothparentshavetoworkfulltime[B]thehusband,wife,andchildrenworktoohard[C]thefamilymembersaresubjecttosocialpressures[D]thehusband,wife,andchildrenseldomgettogether65.Intermarriageanddifferentoccupationsplayanimportantroleinfamilydisorganizationbecause______.[A]theyenablethechildrentotravelaroundwithouttheirparents[B]theyallowonetofindagoodjobandimproveone'ssocialstatus[C]theypermitonetocomeintocontactwithdifferentwaysofbehaviorandthinking[D]theyenablethechildrentobetterunderstandthewaysofbehavioroftheirparents66.Thispassagesuggeststhatawell-organizedfamilyisafamilywhosemembers______.[A]oftenhelpeachotherwithtrueloveandaffection[B]arenotpsychologicallywithdrawnfromoneanother[C]neverquarrelwitheachotherevenwhentheydisagree[D]exposedtothesamenewideasintroducedbybooks,radios,andTVsetsPartV Cloze (15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome78hours.Sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours67andthatthesleepnormallycoincides68thehoursofdarkness.Ourpresent69iswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthis70canbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecasewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisa71ofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomation72forround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally73fromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa74routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.75,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythat76arechangedeveryweek.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutine77hehastochangetoanother,78thatmuchofhistimeisspent79workingnorsleepingvery80.Oneanswerwouldseemtobe81periodsoneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths.82,recentresearchhasshownthatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttogobacktotheir83habitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweekendandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyany84tonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohand85thenightshifttothosepermanentnightworkerswhose86maypersistthroughallweekendsandholidays.67.[A]weakness [B]fairness[C]wakefulness [D]goodness68.[A]in [B]with [C]of [D]over69.[A]care [B]attention [C]intention [D]concern70.[A]cycle [B]period [C]circle [D]round71.[A]problem [B]difficulty[C]trouble[D]matter72.[A]asks [B]invites[C]calls[D]reacts73.[A]takes [B]spends[C]demands[D]asks74.[A]former [B]returned[C]reversed [D]regular75.[A]Therefore [B]Unfortunately[C]Instead [D]Regretfully76.[A]changes [B]variations[C]shifts [D]alterations77.[A]as [B]when [C]then [D]than78.[A]in [B]so [C]such [D]except79.[A]none [B]both [C]either [D]neither80.[A]efficiently [B]effectively[C]anxiously [D]adequately81.[A]shorter [B]better [C]longer [D]nicer82.[A]Moreover [B]Yet [C]Still [D]However83.[A]new [B]normal[C]temporary [D]favorite84.[A]adjustment [B]return [C]adaptation [D]tendency8