基本句型一主語—系動(dòng)詞—表語（SVC）英文中常見的系動(dòng)詞主要有：become,look,seem,appear,get,feel,grow,turn,remain,come,fall,hold,keep,stand,stay,smell,sound,taste等。系動(dòng)詞后接的部分可稱為表語或（主語）補(bǔ)足語，主要是用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征、職業(yè)、年齡等等。Thismachineisingoodcondition.這臺機(jī)器的情況良好。Thegardensmellspleasant.這座花園香氣怡人。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.絲綢摸起來又軟又滑。二、 主語—?jiǎng)釉~（SV）這種句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有直接賓語；但常帶有狀語。Thewaterisboiling. Theyhavebeenwaitingthereforhours.Thetrainwillleavesoon. Theflagsarewavinginthewind.三、 主語—?jiǎng)釉~—賓語（SVO）這一句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，必須帶有自己的賓語。Hehasasister. Theywantedtohavearest.Shesuccessfullycarriedoutherplan.四、 主語—?jiǎng)釉~—賓語—賓語（SVOO）此句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)賓語：前一個(gè)賓語稱為”間接賓語”，多由代詞或名詞充當(dāng)；后一個(gè)賓語稱為”直接賓語”，往往由名詞充當(dāng)。這類句型常有”給某人某物"、”送某人某物”、"留給某人某物”等意思。常見的這類謂語動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,bring,tell,send,leave,pass,write,take,show,teach,get,award,lend,rent,buy,pay）,hand,recommend等。Shebroughtmeashirt. Passhimthedictionary,please.Ilendhimmybicycle.五、 主語—?jiǎng)釉~—賓語—賓語補(bǔ)足語（SVOC）在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語是對賓語”做什么”、”怎么樣”等方面進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。賓語和謂語動(dòng)詞是”動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”，而賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語在邏輯上卻是”主謂關(guān)系”。賓語補(bǔ)足語可由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞或介詞短語擔(dān)當(dāng)。Weelectedhimourmonitor. Thenewsmademehappy.PresidentappointedJohnmanagerofMarketing.Heheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.Weknowhimtobeanexpert.Thestorymadeuslaugh. Ifoundmyselfindark.V.句子的成分構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為主語,謂語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,同位語。它們可以由單詞來擔(dān)任,也可以由詞組以及句子來擔(dān)任。主語一個(gè)句子中所要表達(dá)、描述的人或物，是句子的主體。Iworkhere. Sheisanewteacher.Heisinchargeofalimitedcompany.主語可以由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞,名詞化形容詞,分詞,從句,短語等來擔(dān)任。Thebookisonthedesk. Whentobeginisnotknownyet.Thewoundedhasbeentakentothehospital.謂語用來說明主語做了什么動(dòng)作或處在什么狀態(tài)。謂語可以由動(dòng)詞來擔(dān)任,一般放在主語的后面。Thechildhasbeenbroughtupbyhismother.Wedon'tknowhimverywell. ShespeaksEnglishfluently.表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì),身份,特征和狀態(tài)。表語須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。表語可以由名詞,形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔(dān)任。Thesedesksareyellow.Wearehappynow.Thedictionaryisinthebag. Myquestionishowyouknewhim.賓語是謂語動(dòng)作所涉及的對象,它是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語一般放在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。Isawacatinthetree.Iwanttogoshopping. Wethinkyouareright.有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語,其中一個(gè)賓語多指人,另一個(gè)賓語指物,指人的賓語叫做間接賓語,指物的賓語叫做直接賓語,可以帶兩個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加"to"。Myfatherboughtmeabook. Givetherubbertome.PleasegivethelettertoXiaoLi.有些及物動(dòng)詞除跟一個(gè)賓語外，還需要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語,否則意思不完整,它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中賓語和后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個(gè)賓語還是復(fù)合賓語的依據(jù),賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任。 WeallcallhimLooWong.Pleasecoloritred.Wefoundthelittlegirlinthehill.定語用于描述名詞，代詞，短語或從句的性質(zhì)、特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語；定語可以由名詞，形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞、短語擔(dān)任。如果定語是單個(gè)詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前面，如果是詞組，定語放在被修飾詞的后面。Thatisabeautifulflower. Thisismybook,notyourbook.havealotofthingstodo.狀語英語中，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語(adverbial)。狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。HespeaksEnglishverywell.Tenyearsago,Shebegantoliveinbalian.Heisplayingunderthetree.同位語當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語(iappositive)o這兩個(gè)句子成分多由名詞(代詞)擔(dān)任，同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞(代詞)之后。Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.(-).指出嘲嚮鄒爲(wèi)(4分，4分鐘)Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.(3)Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.巴)選出句中諸語的中心詞(10分，10分鐘)Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't B.like C.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get B.longer C.daysb.summer(3)boyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.bo B.usually C.gob.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meeting C.thelibraryb.afternoonbidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.bidB.twins C.haveD.breakfast?Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn't C.dob.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totell C.youb.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.had C.sendb.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.in b.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.aid C.whomb.book（三）挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?@Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas11reallyis.Y四）就出下列句中的表語（5分，5分鐘）Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Y五）挑出下列句審的定語（6分，6分鐘）TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname?OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.@Iomafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.@Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!Y六）城出下列曷審的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6分，6分鐘）Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.工sawMrWonggetonthebus.bidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?Y七）就出下列句中的般（莎，8分鐘）K J①Therewasabigsmileonherface.?Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.?Iamafraidthatifyou'velost汁，youmustpayfor汁.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWanatoseetheothermachine.Y八）劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（弓分，5分鐘）Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.bidheleaveanymessageforme?句子成分練習(xí)題（二）

指出丁列句子中勅線部分的旬子成歩 ..WhetherweIIgodependontheweather.People'sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.1*11returnthebooktoyoutomorrow.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.TherearemanyfilmthatI*dliketosee.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.1havealotofworktodo.AnywayIwon'tstopyoufromdoingit.Isaiditinfun.Wecansendacarovertofetchyou.Shehadtoworkstandingup.Seeingthis#somecomradesbecameveryworried.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.Thebusarrivedtenminuteslate.Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.WethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeetingIt'sstrangethatshedoesn'tcometoday.ItwasinthelibrarythatIcometoday.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenh￡isn't如呷呷.Weleftinsuchahurrythatwe于orgottolocEth皂door.‘ 句子成分練習(xí)題（三）A1、 _sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.Thereareb.Itwas2、 intheroomatthattime.A.NobodywasB.SomeonewereC.Whoisb.Heare3、 IT'Sverynoisyoutside. isgoingon?A.WhoB.WhatC.Whichb.Where4、 inEnglishinclasseverydayisimportant.A.SpeakB.TalkingC.Saying6.Totell5、 Theremustbe nearthefactory.A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreb.booksstores6、 Althoughit'sraininghard, arestillworkinginthefields.A.buttheyB.andtheyC.theyb.sincetheyB1、 Thedoctoraswellasthenurses greatconcernforthepatients.A.showB.showsC.haveshownb.areshowing2、 Yoursonmustbeacleverboy, he?A.isB.isn'tC.mustb.mustn't3、 Thecomputercenter, lastyear,isverypopularamongstudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.openedb.beingopened4、 I gototheshoptoday,forthereisalotoffoodathome.A.mustn'tB.hadtoC.can'tb.needn't5、 Don't excited.A.getB.isC.seemb.look6Thisroom everymorning.A.iscleaningB.iscleanedC.cleansb.cleaningC1、 Gladtomeetyoul isyourfullname?A.WhatB.WhereC.Howb.Who2、 Heis tolifttheheavybox.A.tooweakB.weaktooC.enoughweakb.weakenough3、 Thedaysare warmerandwarmerinspring.A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingb.going4、 HisjobisEnglish.A.teachB.toteachC.taughtb.teaches5、 Twoballsare .A.underthedeskB.inthewallC.tohereb.atdesksb1、 Weshouldgetready others.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpb.helpwith2、 interestingworkwearedoing?A.WhataB.HowC.Whatb.Whatan3、 Iwant oteacherwhenIgrowup(-fx;fc).A.tobeB.toC.beb.being4、 -Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?-Idon'tthinkso.Tobehonest,Ireallydon'tfeellikeonapicnic.A.goingB.togoC.gob.wentboyouknow?A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivesC.whereheliveb.ifwherehelivesLet doitagain.A.IB.meC.heb.sheIdon'tknow .A.howtodoB.whattodoC.wheretodob.whentodoE1、 Isawhim basketballwithJackanhourago.A.playsB.toplayC.playedb.playo2、 Sorry,we'vekeptyou foralongtime.A.waitedB.singC.standb.waiting3、 Theteachertoldus lateagain.A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeb.notbe4、 Wefindtheroomvery .A.warmB.warmlyC.terriblyb.hardly1、 Ifound difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.A.itB.itsC.thatb.those2、 Weallknow ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.A.thatB.thisC.whichb.it3、 Hefound veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.A.whatB.itC./b.thatGTomsaidhe agooddreamyesterdayevening.A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveb.hasChildren ahappylifeinChina.A.leadB.livingC.hasb.leadingHAmerica,JapanandCanadaarecountries.A.developingB.developedC.lessdevelopedD.developskirtisthatonthechair?-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Whichboyouhaveanything ?A.sayingB.to*ayC.saidD.sayLook,thereisantreebythewall.A.appleB.apple'sC.apples*D.applesWhereisseat?A.yoursB.yourC.youb.yourselvesTheboxis heavyforher carry.A.very;toB.too;nottoC.too;tob.verytoo;to- didyoubuythenewbag?-LastMonday.A.WhereB.HowC.Whenb.WhoYoucanseethesesignsinahospital. canyouseethem?A.WhereelseB.WhereplaceelseC.Whereelseplaceb.ElsewhereTheywentout theiroldfriends.A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitb.visitedThereisawideriver ourvillage