靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞第一頁，共24頁。動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞與靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

1.表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作，可用于進(jìn)行、非進(jìn)行體：talk,run,sleep,wait2.表示改變或方位移動(dòng)，可用于進(jìn)行、非進(jìn)行體：come,go,arrive,leave,reach,turn,become,get,grow,change3.表示短暫動(dòng)作。但要注意，用于過去一般時(shí)，表示一次性短暫動(dòng)作；用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作的重復(fù)第二頁，共24頁。靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞：表示一種狀態(tài)，通常用于非進(jìn)行體；若用進(jìn)行體，語義不同.1.be,have2.含有be和have意義的詞，如applyto,belongto,differfrom,cost,weight,measure,fit,hold,lack,resemble3.表示感覺的動(dòng)詞：feel,hear,see,smell,taste4.表心理或情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：believe,assume,consider,detest,fear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,prefer,remember第三頁，共24頁。靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行體時(shí)，則成了動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意義有所不同：

He’sbeingpolitetoday.Theywerehavingaparty.Heisresemblinghisfather.Thechefistastingthesoup.Pleasebequiet.I’mthinking.I’mhopingyoucanmakeanexceptiontothechildren.第四頁，共24頁。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)、體、態(tài)1.兩種時(shí)間：現(xiàn)在和過去2.兩種體：進(jìn)行體和完成體3.結(jié)合：現(xiàn)在：一般，進(jìn)行，完成，完成進(jìn)行過去：一般，進(jìn)行，完成，完成進(jìn)行4.語態(tài)：主動(dòng)和被動(dòng);be型被動(dòng)態(tài)和get型被動(dòng)態(tài)第五頁，共24頁。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在（真理、格言、科學(xué)事實(shí)等）2.表示習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作3.表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作：What’sthematterwithyou?Youlookpale./Whatdoyouthink?常用于體育的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道、戲法表演、操作演示的解說詞中（見教材）也用于一些習(xí)慣性的用法中：Ideclaretheconferenceopen./Iwishyouallthebest.第六頁，共24頁。4.用于將來時(shí)間：1）Ihope/Ibet后的分句中：Ihopeyouhaveagoodtime(=Ihopeyouwillhaveagoodtime)./Ibetitrainstomorrow(=Ibetitwillraintomorrow).2)seetoit/makesure/makecertain后的分句中：Makesurethattheequipmentisdisconnectedfromthepower.3)Ifitrainstomorrow,I’ll…5.表示過去時(shí)間：

這類動(dòng)詞有hear,learn,tell,say,gather等：

Ihearthatabigshotiscomingtoouruniversity.Shetellsmeyou’reenteringforthecompetition/examination.歷史現(xiàn)在時(shí)：p.127第七頁，共24頁。一般過去時(shí)1.表示過去一次性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：p.1282.表示現(xiàn)在和將來：1）want,hope,think,wonder等幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞用于過去時(shí)可表示委婉語氣：Iwonderedifyoucouldsparemeafewminutes./Ihopedyoucouldcomehere.Supposewelunchedonporridgemadewithleanmeatandpreservedegg?2)用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中：IwishtheCampuswerenotsofarawayfromGZ./It’shightimethatyouwenttobed./IfonlyIhadenoughmoneynow./Helooksasifhewasill./Hetreatsthechildrenasiftheywerehisown.第八頁，共24頁?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體1.表說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:Thepolicemanisdisinterringthebody.2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：I’mpreparingfortheexaminationthesedays.Note:進(jìn)行體與always,constantly,continually,forever等頻度狀語連用，則表示說話人的一種厭煩、贊美等感情:You’realwaysaskingformoney./Sheisconstantlyhelpinghisfellowstudents.(當(dāng)然也可以不帶感情色彩）3.表示按計(jì)劃安排近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：Theplaneistakingoffintenminutes./TherescueteamareleavingforQinghaitonight.4.表示剛剛過去的動(dòng)作：Idon’tknowwhatyou’retalkingabout.5.表示委婉的語氣：I’mhopingthatyoucancome./I’mwonderingifIcanbeawayforawhile.第九頁，共24頁。過去進(jìn)行體1.過去某時(shí)點(diǎn)或某時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：Theyweresaunteringinthewoods,enjoyingtheserenity,achangefromthehustleandbustleinthecity.Suddenly,adeadbodycameintotheirview.2.表示過去暫時(shí)性習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作：Inthosedays,Georgeusedtogetupatnine,butthatweekhewasgettingupatfiveeveryday.3.與always,constantly,continually,forever等頻度狀語連用，則表示說話人的一種厭煩的情緒（也可以不表示）:HewasalwaysdisturbingmewhenIwasstudying.第十頁，共24頁。3.表示過去按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的事：Theywerearrivingafewdayslater.4.hope,want,wonder等用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示委婉語氣：Iwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.Iwashopingyoucouldsendmeyourmailordercatalogue.5.Iwishweweregoing/weleftnow.It’stimeyouweregoing/wenttobed.第十一頁，共24頁?，F(xiàn)在完成體、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體、過去進(jìn)行體的比較Hehasdonehishomework.Hehasbeendoinghishomework.Hewasdoinghishomeworkyesterday.第十二頁，共24頁。1.注意下列非正式場(chǎng)合的用法：

1).I’vewaitedhere(for)twohours.2).He(has)losttenpoundssincehestartedthegame.3).I’vehadsuchimpressionssinceIcanremember.第十三頁，共24頁。2.注意下列用法：

1）It’soksinceIhaditfixed.2)Thingsaremuchworsesinceyouleft.3)Ifeel/amfeelingmuchbettersinceItookthemedicine.4)MyhealthismuchimprovedsinceIgaveupsmoking.第十四頁，共24頁。Shecontactedmeonlinelastweek,butvanishedfromthesurfaceoftheearthsince.HehasbeenimprovinghisEnglishsincehecametoGuangzhou/sincethreeyearsago/since2008.第十五頁，共24頁。It’s3weekssincehefellill.It’s3weekssincehewasill.第十六頁，共24頁。HehasbeenimprovinghisEnglishsincehelivedinGuangzhou/sincehewasinGuangzhou.第十七頁，共24頁。GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceChinawasopentotheoutsideworld.第十八頁，共24頁。HehasbeenimprovinghisEnglishsincehehaslivedinGuangzhou/sincehehasbeenlivinginGuangzhou.第十九頁，共24頁。過去完成體1.Ifonlyyouhadtoldmethetruthyesterday.2.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheMaldives.(cf.Hespeaksasifheweremyfather.)3.IwishIhadn’tgonetothepartyyesterday.(cf.IwishIwere10yearsyounger.)4.Ihadwanted(intended)tocomeseeyou,but…+第二十頁，共24頁。It’sthefirst/secondtimethatIhavevisitedthiscity.Itwillbethefirst/thethirdtimethatIhavegivenhimmoney.Itwasthefirst/thesecondtimethathehadturnedonhisfather.第二十一頁，共24頁。動(dòng)詞：賓語的種類A.beatthedrum/aboy;beataretreat/beattime/beattherecord/beatone’sbrains.B.動(dòng)詞與賓語的關(guān)系：1.受動(dòng)賓語：washthecar/paintthewall2.結(jié)果賓語：digahole/paintacat/writeanessay3.使役賓語：dancethebabyonherknees/standthechildagainstthewall4.轉(zhuǎn)喻賓語：smokeapipe/wipeoffthetable5.動(dòng)作內(nèi)容：askaquestion6.動(dòng)作終極：reachadulthood7.表示方式：nodone’sapproval/laughone’sthanks/lookone’sgratitude8.表示地點(diǎn)：walkthestr