直接引語和間接引語一、直接引語直接引語就是直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號；間接引語就是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構(gòu)成，不加引號而多用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語需要有人稱和物主代詞的變化、時態(tài)的變化、指示代詞的變化以及時間和地點狀語的變化。1人稱的變化主語為第一人稱時，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語之后，人稱要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。例如：Shesaid：“Iamtired.”她說："我累了。”Shesaidthatshewastired.她說她累了。Theheadmastersaidtous：“Youmuststudyhardnow.”Theheadmastertoldusthatwehadtostudyhardthen.2時態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)一致。其規(guī)律一般是：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時；一般過去時過去完成時；一般將來時過去將來時；現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時；過去完成時不變；Shesaid：“Iamyourmother'sfriend.””^Shesaidthatshewasmymother'sfriend.她說她是我媽媽的朋友。（一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時）Susansaidtohermother：“IamreadingthisbookT—Susantoldhermotherthatshewasreadingthatbook.蘇姍告訴她母親她正在看那本書。（現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時）Hesaid：“Wehavebuiltupthebridgeacrosstheriverhere.”—Hesaidthattheyhadbuiltupthatbridgeacrosstheriverthere他說他們已經(jīng)在那里建成了橫跨那條河上的大橋。（現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時）Shesaid：“Isawyourwifeyesterday.”—Shesaidthatshehadseenmywifethedaybefore.她說她昨天（前一天）看見了我的妻子。（一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時）Lilysaid：“Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeschoolwasovertoday.”—Lilysaidthatshehadalreadyfinishedherhomeworkbeforeschoolwas overthatday.莉莉說她那天在放學(xué)以前就把功課做完了。（不變）。Hisfathersaid：“I'lltellyouafunnystory.”—Hisfathersaidthathewouldtellhimafunnystory.他爸爸說要給他講一個有意思的故事。（一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時）注意：①直接引語為客觀真理時，間接引語時態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaid：“Alltheplanetsmoveroundthesun.'—Theteachersaidthatalltheplanetsmoveroundthesun.老師說所有的行星都是圍繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)的。②直接引語為一般過去時并且與具體的過去時間狀語連用時，間接引語仍然用一般過去時。Shesaid：“IwenttoEnglandin1998.”—ShesaidthatshewenttoEnglandin1998.③主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，間接引語的時態(tài)不變。Hesays：“Iboughtyousomethingniceyesterday.”—Hesaysthatheboughtmesomethingniceyesterday.他說他昨天給我買了件好東西。3指示代詞以及時間和地點狀語的變化直接引語 間接引語— thosetonight—thatnightyesterday—thedaybefore指示代詞— thosetonight—thatnightyesterday—thedaybefore時間狀語now—thentoday—thatdaythisweek(year,term)—thatweek(year,term)lastweek(year,term)-theweek(year,term)beforetwoyearsago—twoyearsbeforetomorrow—thenext(following)daynextweek(year,term)-thenext(year,term)地點狀語here-there動詞come—gobring—takeShesaid：“Theseexercisesareeasy.”—Shesaidthatthoseexerciseswereeasy.她說那些習(xí)題很簡單。Thesecretarysaid：“Ihaven'treceivedthelettertoday.”—Thesecretarysaidthatshehadn'treceivedtheletterthatday.秘書說她那天沒有收到那封信。Lilysaid：“I'lldoittomorrow.”—Lilysaidthatshewoulddoitthenext(following)day.莉莉說她要轉(zhuǎn)天(第二天)去做這件事。二、不同句式間接引語疑問句改為間接引語時，要用陳述語序，并要注意加連詞if或whether。其主句動詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow(didn'tknow...),inquire等。句尾不用問號。1一般問句，選擇問句或反意問句這些句子的間接引語，必須用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)。Sheaskedme：“AreyouMr.Li?”—SheaskedmeifIwasMr.Li.Hesakedus：“Doyouwanttogoonapicnic?”—Heaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic.“YouhavevisitedthePalaceMuseum,haven'tyou?”sheasked.—Sheaskedwhether(if)IhadvisitedthePalaceMuseum.她問我是否去過故宮。“Doyouwantteaorcoffee?”Heasked.—HeaskedifIwantedteaorcoffee.他問我是要茶還是要咖啡。直接引語為一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語，去掉引號加if,陳述語序要記?。粫r態(tài)，人稱和狀語，小心變化別馬虎。2特殊問句的間接引語要用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)“Wheredoyougointhesummervocation?”Jackinquired.—JackinquiredwhereIwentinthesummervocation.“Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear?”Susanaskedherhusband.Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.蘇姍問她丈夫那一年在汽油上花了多少錢?！癢howereyoulookingforinthestreetyesterday?”sheaskedme.—SheaskedmewhoIwaslookingforinthestreetthedaybefore.她問我昨天在街上找誰。3祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語，要用不定式表示，使其成為'ask(tell,order)sb.todo乳鼠的句型。Hesaidtoher：“Don'ttakethebookaway.”—Heaskedhernottotakethebookaway.“Takemeuptothe15thfloor.”shesaidtothewoman.—Shetoldthewomantotakeheruptothe15thfloor.她告訴那女士電梯會把她送到第十五層。規(guī)則：一改二變?nèi)铀娜?，祈使句巧變間接引語一改：said(to)改為asked(或told,or-dered等)；二變：saidto的賓語或呼語變成asked等的賓語；三加：在動詞原形前加to,使之成為動詞不定式；四去：去掉please教學(xué)第三個環(huán)節(jié)：鞏固練習(xí)Ourteacheraskedusourdictionariestoschool.A.bring B.brought C.bring D.tobringTheteachertoldtheboystudentsfootballonthegrass.A.notplay B.nottoplay C.played D.playing

Tomdidntgotoschool?A.DoyouknowhowB.WhydoyouknowC.HowyouknowwhyD.DoyouknowwhyShelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellmethatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?A.whatitis B.itiswhat C.howitis D.itishowBettyaskedhersistertotherailwaystationtoseeheroff.A.nottocome B.nottogo C.tonotcome D.tonotgoThepupilaskedhisteacherroundtheearth.A.weatherthemoongoes B.thatthemoonwentC.whetherthemoongoes D.whetherthemoonwentMr.LiWangLingataxitotheairport.A.asked;take B.asked;takingC.told;take D.told;totakeSheaskedhim.A.whosedictionarythisis B.whosedictionarythatwasC.whosedictionaryisthis D.whosedictionarythatisMary’smotheraskedher.A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomeworkB.ifshehasfinishedherhomeworkC.ifshehadfinishedherhomework D.thatifshehadfinishedherhomeworkDoyouknow?A.whatishedoingB.whathedoingC.whatheisdoingD.whatdoeshedonowday11.Idon’11.Idon’tknowtolearnEnglish.whendidhebeginB.whenhebegan12.Heaskedme.A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrowdayC.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrowC.hewhenbeganD.whenhebeginswhattheweatherwouldbelikethenextD.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextYoucan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.A.howexcitedtheywere B.howexcitedweretheyC.howtheywereexcited D.theywerehowexcitedShetoldmethatshebyherrelativesatthebusstop.A.hadbeenseenoffB.haveseenoffC.havebeenseenoffD.hadseenoff15.DoyourememberhowmanytimestoAustralia?A.hadyoubeenB.didyougo C.haveyoubeenD.youhavebeenCanyouguess?A.whatisthatmanB.whothatmanisC.whomthatmanisD.whoisthatmanMoreandmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow.A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageare B.howtheforeignlanguageisimportantC.howimportanttheforeignlanguageis D.howimportantistheforeignlanguageThehostesssaidthatittimethattheysupper.A.was;had B.was;hadhadC.is;have D.is;havehadThebossaskedhissecretaryhehadfinishedtypingthereport.A.if;ornot B.if;not C.whether;ornot D.whether;notIwonderhowmuch.A.doeshespendonhiscar B.didhespendonhiscarC.hespentonhiscar D.hespentinhiscar教學(xué)第四個環(huán)節(jié)：知識總結(jié)賓語從句與直接引語變間接引語直接引語變間接引語總體上屬于賓語從句的范疇，直接引語是引用別人的原話，間接引語是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的變化規(guī)則基本一致，除了應(yīng)該注意賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞、時態(tài)、語序三大方面外，還要特別注意人稱、時間、地點等的變化。如：1.“Whatsubjectdoyoulikebest?”Mr.WangaskedBill.改為間接賓語）Mr.WangaskedBillwhatsubjecthelikedbest.（直接賓語的人稱代詞you在間接賓語中變?yōu)閔e）2.Hesaidtome,"I’mgoingtoplaytennistomorrow.”（改為間接賓語）Hetoldmethathewasgoingtoplaytennisthenextday.（直接賓語的人稱代詞I在間接賓語中變?yōu)閔e，時間狀語由原來的tomorrow變?yōu)閠henextday）教學(xué)第五個環(huán)節(jié)：教學(xué)拓展語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”fHeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?”mymotherasked.fMymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。 Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”fSheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為“tell（ask,order,beg等）sb.（not）todosth.”句型?！癉on'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.fShetold（ordered）thechildrennottomakeanynoise.“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.fSheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.教學(xué)第五個環(huán)節(jié)：作業(yè)將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.Hemethathemettheday.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweekHesaid,Youcansithere,Jim.HeJimthathesitthereHeasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermotherfoundit.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.HeaskedknewwheresheStopmakingsomuchnoise,children.hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.“Don'ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.HeIwasinterestdin.將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don,twasteyourtime.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,