2022-2023年研究生入學(xué)-英語一(研究生)考試題庫答案+詳解（圖片大小可任意調(diào)節(jié)）第I卷一.全考點押密題庫(共15題)1.AmazoniscuttinghundredsofjobsatitsSeattleheadquartersinararesetoflayoffsfortheonlineetailinggiant,accordingtoamediareportThecompanywill1cuthundredsmorejobsinotherpartsofAmazon'soperations,TheSeattleTimesreportedonMonday,2apersonfamiliarwiththeeliminationsAnAmazonspokesmantoldFortunethataspartofourannualplanningprocess,weare3headcountadjustmentsacrossthecompany-4reductionsinacoupleofplacesandaggressivehiringinmanyothers5theTimes,theAmazonlayoffsaretheresultofthequick6oflatethatsawitendupwithtoomuchstaffinsomeunits.Thepaperalsosaidmanagersareunderpressureto7lowercaliberemployeesandshowmorespendingdiscipline.Amazonhasaproblemrightnowwith8oneunnamedengineertoldtheTimesThelayoffsaremostly9inAmazonsconsumerretailbusinesses,theTimesreported.Themove10recentlayoffsatAmazon'se-commercearch-rivalWalmart.Walmartisintheprocessofcuttingupto500orsojobsatitsBentonville,Arkansasheadquarters11itlookstostreamlineitsoperationsandbeasnimbleasitcanto12withAmazon.Forbothcompanies,thecutsaremodestinrelation13staffinglevels.Amazonemploysabout566,000peopleworldwide,accordingtoitsrecently14annualreportfor2017.Thatwasupfrom341,400ayearearlier.（15itsorganicgrowth,Amazonhasmadesomeacquisitionsinthelastyear,notablythatofWholeFoodsMarketlastsummer.）SuchhasAmazonsgrowthbeenthatitiscurrentlyintheprocessof16locationsforasecondheadquartersEarlierthismonth,Amazonreported17of60.5billionforthethreemonthsendedDec.31.18from$43.74billilionayearearlier,fuelededby19salesduringtheholidayseasonItalsoreportedaprofitof1.9billiononthe20ofthepopularityofitsvoice-activatedEchodevicesandjumpinitsPrimememberships.17選？A.revenuesB.taxesC.expensesD.budgets2.Text4In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw–havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong–andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“l(fā)ikehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren–thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.37.WemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthatA.DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.B.initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.C.historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’slife.D.politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughoutthe3.Text3Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight–5′9″formen,5′4″forwomen–hasn’treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.”35.ThetextintendstotellusthatA.thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.B.humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.C.Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.D.thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.4.Artificialintelligence,orAI,iscalledartificialforagoodreason.Facebookmadethatpointlastweekbyendingitsattempttorelyheavilyonsoftwarealgorithmstoselectnewsitemsforits2billionusers.ItannouncedJan.19thattheFacebook"community"willbeaskedtoranknewsoutletsbytheirtrustworthiness.Thisreaderfeedbackwillpromote"highqualitynewsthathelpsbuildasenseofcommonground"inaworldwith"somuchdivision,"saidchiefexecutiveMarkZuckerberg.ThefirstsurveyshavestartedintheUnitedStatesandwillsoonexpandtoothercountries.Thecompanyplanstoincludethelocalnewsoutletsofusersinitssurveys.Likemanydigitalplatformsthatactasnewsproviders,Facebookhadgreatfaithinabeliefthatprogrammedelectronsincomputerserverscandiscernqualitiesofthoughtsuchastrust,fairness,andhonesty.Eveninrespectednewsrooms,however,thesetraitsofcharacterrequireconstantupkeepamongjournalistsandfeedbackfrompayingcustomers.Goodjudgmentonnewsreliesonordersofconsciousnessbeyondwhatamachinecando.Ratherthanmovetowardbecomingahands-ongatekeeperofnews,Facebooknowhopesits"diverseandrepresentative"samplingofuserscanleadtoarankingofnewsoutlets-andthatwouldbringameasureofobjectivityinitsnewsfeed.Thecompanymaybeinthenewsbusinessbutithaschosentooutsourcenewscredibilitytothecollectivewisdomofindividualsandtheirabilitytodistinguishtruthfromfalsehood.Byplacingitstrustinpeopleasseekersoftruth,Facebookcouldearngreatertrustfromitsusers.Thisisalsoalessonformanycompanies,especiallydigitalplatformsorthoseinthemediabusiness.AccordingtothelatestsurveyoftrustininstitutionsworldwidebyEdelmancommunicationsfirm,"mediahasbecometheleast-trustedinstitutionforthefirsttime,"moresothanotherbusinessesorgovernment.Inparticular,theUSis"enduringanunprecedentedcrisisoftrust"amongmanyofitsinstitutions,saysRichardEdelman,presidentandCEOofEdelman."Therootcauseofthisfallisthelackofobjectivefactsandrationaldiscourse,"headds.Facebook'sshiftawayfromcomputer-drivennewsselectionisawelcomesteptowardrestoringtrustintheoverallbusinessofnews.Thisisnotanewproblem."Nothingcannowbebelievedwhichisseeninanewspaper,"wroteThomasJeffersonin1807.YettheDigitalAgehasforcedtheissueoftrustfornewsproviders.Byinvitingreaderstoparticipateinsolvingthisproblem,Facebookhasitselfsetanewbarforearningtrust.TheauthorholdsthatFacebook'sshiftisA.alessonfornewsprovidersonfilteringnews.B.thecauseofthetrustcrisisacrossbusinessofnews.C.asteptowarclrestoringusers'trustinnewsbusiness.D.theresultoflackingobjectivefactsandrationaldiscourse.5.Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"___1__helpingyoufeelcloseand__2___topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa___3__ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandminD.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou__4___gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy___5__over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs___6__theparticipants'susceptibility（敏感性）todevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing___7__tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome___8__withacold,andtheresearchers__9___thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging___10__about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.___11__amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere__12___."Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe___13__riskforcoldsthat'susually__14___withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps__15___thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp___16__difficulty."Someexperts___17__thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin（后葉催產(chǎn)素）,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"__18___itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit___19__inthebrain,whereit__20___mood,behaviorandphysiology.17選？A.attributeB.commitC.transferD.return6.Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.A.chosenB.stupidC.foundD.identified7.AsIwritethesewords,atriumphanthorniseruptinginmyearoverthethythmicbowingofviolins.Infact,asyouread,Iwouldlyoutolistenalong-justsearch"BattlefieldOne."12you'llfocusjusLabiibetterwithitplayinginthebackground.3,asavideogamesoundtrackit'sdesignedtohaveexacdythat4.Thisis,byfar,thebestLifeProTipI'veevergottenorgiven:Listentomusicfromvideogameswhenyouneedto5.It'sawholegenredesignedtosimultaneously6yoursensesandblendintothebackgroundofyourbrain,7that'sthepoint.ofthesoundtrack.Ithasto8you,theplayer,inataskwithoutdistractingfromiL.Infact,thebestmusicwouldactually9thelistenertochetask.Plentyofstudies10thathavingsomesoundaroundyoucanhelpyoufocus,11becauseitgivesyoursubconscioussomethingto12.Itdoesn'thavetofocusonLhatcoughingcoworkerortheoccasionalsoundofdoorsclosing,13youaren'tdistractedbyintermittentinterruptions.Musicseemstofocususthebest,14notjustanymusic.Thelatest#1singleismore15tomakeyousingalongandtapyourtoesthan.16intoyourworkday.Silence,ontheotherhand,seemstomakeofficeworkers17andlessproficientthantheirmusic-listeningcompatriots.18somesurgeonsusemusictogetinthegroove,andresearch19thosewhodothisperformoperationsmoreefficientlyandwithhigher20.17選？A.fasterB.laterC.slowerD.earlier8.In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A（n）8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14interpretationofwhathapped.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.9選？A.suitableB.excessiveC.enoughD.abundant9.In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A（n）8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14interpretationofwhathapped.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.18選？A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Meanwhile10.Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.HindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfromA.lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.B.therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.C.thestemexamforwould-belawyers.D.non-professionals’sharpcriticism.11.Text2Googleor,technically,Alphabet,theholdingcompanythatthefirmestablishedin2015,hasitsfingersinmanyfields.Butthecompany'smainbusiness,whichpaysforallofitsspendingelsewhere,isdigitaladvertising,whichin2017accountedformorethan86%ofits$lllbnrevenue.Itmayseemodd,then,thatGoogle'slatestmoveistoaidad-blocking.OnFebruary15th,Chrome,itswebbrowser,whichhasa59%marketshare,switchedoncodetoblockcertainonlineadvertisements.Indoingsoitjoinsanestablishedtrend.Third-partyad-blockingsoftwareisavailablealreadyforChromebutonlyforitsdesktopversion.Aswellasbeingbuiltinandthusonbydefault,thenewblockerwillworkonsmartphones.Webpublisherswillnotwelcomeanotherthreattotheefficacyofadvertising,theirmainsourceofincome.Googleatleastpromisesthatonlypageswhichdisplaythemostannoyingads-thosethatautomaticallyplayvideoswithsound,forinstance-willfallfoulofitsnewfilter.WhatcountsasannoyingisdefinedbytheCoalitionforBetterAds,agroupofadvertisers,technologyfirmsandothercompaniesofwhichGoogleisamember.Theonline-adindustryhasovertheyearsdevelopedanunusuallyhostilerelationshipwiththosetowhomitsproductsareserved.Intheearlydaysoftheinternet,jiggling,brightlycolouredanimationswerecommon.Pop-upadvertisements,someofthemuncloseable,becamesoprevalentthatbrowserssuchasInternetExplorerandNetscapeNavigatorweremodifiedtotrytostopthem.Adsmaybemoresophisticatednowbutstillfindwaystoirritate.Dodgyonesareapopulardeliveryrouteformalware.Theadindustry,indeed,isinanarmsracewithblocker-writers.Manysitesnowtrytodetectad-blockers,andforceuserstodisablethemiftheywanttovisitwebsites.Thead-blockershaveretaliatedwithtechniquestododgethedetectors,andsoon.Google'smovethuslookslikeanattempttosaveonlineadvertisingfromitself.Itisalsolaunchingaservicecalled"FundingChoices"thatisdesignedtoallowwebsiteoperatorstoinvitepeoplewhousead-blockerstopaysmallamountstoviewtheirpagesinstead.Itsnewproductscouldlanditintrouble.MargretheVestager,theEuropeanUnion'scompetitionchief,tweetedlastyearthatshewouldbe"closely"followingthefirm'sad-filteringefforts.TheworryisthatbydefiningwhatcountsasanacceptableadGooglewillamassstillmorepoweroveronlineadvertising.TheEuropeanCommissionfinedit2.4bn（$2.9bn）in2017forgivingitsprice-comparisonshoppingservicepreferentialtreatmentinsearchresultsoverrivalofferings.Itwasunclearthatusersofsuchserviceslostoutmuch.ConsumersalsohavelotstogainifChromecanhelpstemtheadonslaught.30.FromthelastparagraphweknowA.Googlehasgotintotrouble.B.Googleispunishedduetoitspartiality.C.usersofGoogle'snewservicessufferedagreatloss.D.Googlegotgreaterpowerbycontrollingonlineadvertising.12.Newresearchhasrevivedoneofthelongeststanding,andbiologicallyfundamentaldebatesinthelifesciencesIsthereasetlimittohowlonghumanscanlive?Thestudy1inthejournalScience,suggeststhatmaybethereisn't.Itshouldbenotedthatthisfindingcontradictsother2researchbybiologistsanddemographers,asNaturenoteslateausafteracertainpointforthese"super-elderly"2Researchersexaminedapopulationofnearly4,000Italianswhowere105yearsorolder.ThattheyfoundwasthatmortalityriskTheriskofdeathincreaseswhensomeone5getsolder,6astheyreachtheir80sand90sBut,saySapienzaUniversity'sElisabettaBarbiandUniversityofRomaTre'sFrancescoLagona,afterreachingthe7oldageof105,the8ofdying9thefollowingyearessentiallydropdownto50%.Theresearchers10thequalityoftheirdataset,assertingthattheir"estimatesare11artifactsofaggregationthatlimitedearlierstudiesandprovidethebest12todatefortheexistenceofextreme-agemortalityplateausinhumans.Ifamortalityplateaureallydoes13athigheragesthattheoreticallymeansdeathdoesn'thavetobeaninevitabilityNotallscientistshave14thatconclusion.Forinstance,ateamfromNewYork’sAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineanalyzedtheagesoftheworldsoldestpeopleandpeggedthemaximumlengthofhuman15atsomewherebetween115and125years.（Forthecurious:Theoldestpersoneverin16historywasaFrenchladynamedJeanneCalment,whodiedat122yearsofagein1997.Byanalyzingglobaldemographicdata,weshowthatimprovementsin17withage18declineafterage100,andthattheageatdeathoftheworldsoldestpersonhasnotincreasedsinceth1990s.Ourresultsstronglysuggestthatthemaximum19ofhumansisfixedand20naturalconstraints,wrotetheAlbertEinsteinresearchersintheir2016report4選？A.labelsB.individualsC.raceD.mankind13.Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService（NHS）aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hill’spressures