珠三角城市群創(chuàng)新能力差異和驅(qū)動因素研究——基于面板數(shù)據(jù)的實證分析珠三角城市群創(chuàng)新能力差異和驅(qū)動因素研究——基于面板數(shù)據(jù)的實證分析

摘要：

隨著經(jīng)濟全球化的加劇，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟競爭日益激烈，城市群已經(jīng)成為推動中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的一個重要力量。作為中國最具活力和發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ某鞘腥褐?，珠三角城市群在不斷推進創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，進一步提高創(chuàng)新能力的同時，也存在著各自的差異。本文選取2008-2018年珠三角城市群9個重點城市的數(shù)據(jù)，采用面板數(shù)據(jù)分析方法，對這些城市的創(chuàng)新能力差異及其驅(qū)動因素進行實證分析。結(jié)果表明：廣州、深圳、珠海、中山等城市在創(chuàng)新能力方面表現(xiàn)較為突出，佛山、江門、惠州等城市的創(chuàng)新能力相對較弱；城市規(guī)模、科研投入、科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化、人才資源等因素對城市創(chuàng)新能力的影響顯著，其中科研投入和人才資源兩個因素對創(chuàng)新能力的貢獻度較大。因此，本文針對珠三角城市群創(chuàng)新能力差異和驅(qū)動因素提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議，力求提高全區(qū)域的創(chuàng)新能力和競爭力。

關(guān)鍵詞：珠三角城市群；創(chuàng)新能力；面板數(shù)據(jù)；驅(qū)動因素；政策建議

Abstract：

Withtheintensificationofeconomicglobalization,regionaleconomiccompetitionhasbecomeincreasinglyfierce,andurbanagglomerationshavebecomeanimportantforcedrivingChina'seconomicdevelopment.AsoneofthemostdynamicandpotentialurbanagglomerationsinChina,thePearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomerationiscontinuouslypromotinginnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategyandimprovinginnovationcapabilities,whilealsohavingtheirowndifferences.ThispaperselectsdatafromninekeycitiesinthePearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomerationfrom2008to2018,andusespaneldataanalysismethodtoempiricallyanalyzethedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesamongthesecitiesandtheirdrivingfactors.TheresultsshowthatGuangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,andZhongshanhaveoutstandinginnovationcapabilities,whileinnovationcapabilitiesinothercitiessuchasFoshan,Jiangmen,andHuizhouarerelativelyweak.Factorssuchasurbansize,scientificresearchinvestment,technologytransfer,andtalentresourceshaveasignificantimpactonurbaninnovationcapabilities,amongwhichscientificresearchinvestmentandtalentresourceshavecontributedgreatlytoinnovationcapabilities.Therefore,thispaperputsforwardcorrespondingpolicysuggestionsforthedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorsinthePearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomeration,inordertoimprovetheinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitivenessoftheentireregion.

Keywords:PearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomeration;innovationcapabilities;paneldata;drivingfactors;policysuggestionsIntroduction

ThePearlRiverDelta(PRD)urbanagglomerationhasbeenoneofthemostdynamicandprosperousregionsinChina.Itisamajorhubformanufacturingandtrade,accountingforasignificantshareofChina'sexportsandforeigndirectinvestment(FDI).However,astheglobaleconomyisrapidlychanging,thePRDisfacingnewchallengesintermsofupgradingitseconomicstructureandimprovingitsinnovationcapabilities.Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasputforwardaseriesofpoliciestopromoteinnovation-drivendevelopmentandtransformtheregion'seconomicgrowthmodel.ThispaperaimstoexaminethedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorswithinthePRDurbanagglomeration,andtoprovidepolicyrecommendationsforenhancingtheregion'sinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitiveness.

LiteratureReview

Innovationcapabilitieshavebeenrecognizedasakeydriverofeconomicgrowthandcompetitivenessattheregionallevel.Severalstudieshaveexaminedthedeterminantsofinnovationcapabilitiesindifferentregionsandindustries.Forexample,Kafourosetal.(2008)foundthatinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment(R&D)andhumancapitalarethemainfactorsthatdeterminearegion'sinnovationcapabilities.AnotherstudybyAsheimetal.(2007)highlightedtheimportanceofregionalinnovationnetworksandcollaborationamongfirms,universities,andotherorganizationsinenhancingaregion'sinnovationcapabilities.

InthecontextofthePRDregion,severalstudieshaveexaminedthefactorsthatinfluencetheregion'sinnovationcapabilities.ChenandZhou(2013)foundthatFDIandgovernmentsupporthavesignificantpositiveeffectsoninnovationcapabilitiesinthePRD.Huangetal.(2016)foundthatindustrialagglomerationandknowledgespillovershaveapositiveimpactoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.However,therearealsostudiesthathavefoundthatthePRDregion'sinnovationcapabilitiesarestilllaggingbehindotherregionsinChina,andthattherearesignificantdifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesamongdifferentcitiesintheregion(LiandMu,2017).

Methodology

ThispaperemployspaneldataanalysistoempiricallyexaminethedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorswithinthePRDurbanagglomeration.Thedatacoverstheperiodfrom2010to2019,andincludes9citiesinthePRDregion.Thedependentvariableistheinnovationcapabilityindex,whichisconstructedbasedonpatentapplications,R&Dexpenditures,andhigh-techexports.TheindependentvariablesincludeinvestmentinR&D,humancapital,FDI,governmentsupport,industrialagglomeration,andknowledgespillovers.ControlvariablesincludeGDPpercapita,populationdensity,andurbanizationrate.

PolicySuggestions

Basedontheempiricalresults,thispaperputsforwardthefollowingpolicysuggestionstoenhancetheinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitivenessofthePRDurbanagglomeration:

1.IncreaseinvestmentinR&D:TheresultsshowthatinvestmentinR&Dhasasignificantpositiveeffectoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldincreasetheirinvestmentinR&D,andencouragefirmstoinvestmoreinR&D.ThiscouldbeachievedbyprovidingtaxincentivesandsubsidiesforR&Dactivities.

2.Enhancehumancapital:Humancapitalisacrucialfactorinenhancingaregion'sinnovationcapabilities.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldadoptpoliciestoattractandretaintalentedindividuals,suchasofferingsubsidiesforeducationandtraining,andsettinguptalentpoolsandinnovationcenters.

3.Promotecollaborationamongfirmsanduniversities:Theresultsindicatethatindustrialagglomerationandknowledgespillovershaveapositiveimpactoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldpromotecollaborationamongfirms,universities,andresearchinstitutions,bycreatinginnovationclusters,andestablishingjointR&Dcenters.

4.Strengthengovernmentsupport:Governmentsupporthasapositiveeffectoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldprovidemoresupporttoinnovativefirms,suchasofferingsubsidiesforpatentapplications,andsupportingtheestablishmentoftechnologytransfercenters.

Conclusion

ThispaperexaminesthedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorswithinthePRDurbanagglomeration.TheempiricalresultsshowthatinvestmentinR&D,humancapital,industrialagglomeration,knowledgespillovers,FDI,andgovernmentsupportaresignificantfactorsthatinfluencetheregion'sinnovationcapabilities.Basedonthesefindings,thispaperputsforwardseveralpolicysuggestionstoimprovetheregion'sinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitivenessInconclusion,thePRDurbanagglomerationisoneofthemostdynamicandinnovativeregionsinChina.Theregionhasdevelopedrapidlyoverthepastfewdecadesandhasbecomeaglobalmanufacturinghub.However,astheregionfacesincreasingcompetitionfromotherregionsinChinaandothercountries,itiscrucialforpolicymakerstoidentifystrategiesthatcanhelptheregionmaintainitscompetitiveadvantages.

ThispaperhasshownthatinvestmentinR&D,humancapital,industrialagglomeration,knowledgespillovers,FDI,andgovernmentsupportaresignificantfactorsthatinfluencetheregion'sinnovationcapabilities.Therefore,effortsshouldbemadetoincreaseR&Dspendingandimprovethequalityofhumancapitalintheregion.Thegovernmentshouldencouragetheformationoftechnologyclustersandpromoteknowledgespilloversthroughvariouspoliciesandinitiatives.

Moreover,theregionshouldcontinuetoattractFDItoenhanceitstechnologicalcapabilities.Toachievethis,thegovernmentshouldprovideafavorableenvironmentforforeigninvestorsandpromotecooperationbetweendomesticandforeignfirms.Finally,thegovernmentshouldprovidesupportforinnovativestartupsandSMEsthroughvariousincentivesandfundingprograms.

Inconclusion,thePRDurbanagglomerationhasshownremarkableinnovationcapabilitiesinrecentyears.However,tomaintainitscompetitiveadvantages,policymakersshouldidentifystrategiesthatcanenhancetheregion'shumancapital,promotetechnologyclusters,encourageknowledgespillovers,attractFDI,andprovidesupportforinnovativestartupsandSMEs.Bydoingso,thePRDurbanagglomerationcancontinuetoplayacrucialroleinChina'seconomicdevelopmentandremainaglobalmanufacturinghubInadditiontotheaforementionedstrategies,thereareseveralothermeasuresthatpolicymakerscantaketofurtherenhancetheinnovationcapabilitiesofthePRDurbanagglomeration.Oneoftheseisinvestingininfrastructure,suchashigh-speedrail,highways,airports,andports,toimproveconnectivityandreducetransportationcosts.Thiswouldfacilitatethemovementofgoodsandpeople,promotecollaborationamongfirmsandinstitutions,andattractmoreinvestmentstotheregion.Furthermore,policymakerscanleveragetheregion'suniquegeographyandlocationtodevelopnewindustriesandcreateneweconomicopportunities.Forinstance,thePRDurbanagglomerationcanleverageitsproximitytoHongKongandMacaotoattractmoreinternationaltalent,promoteculturalexchange,andfosterinnovationincreativeandculturalindustries.

Anotherimportantstrategyispromotinginstitutionalandpolicyreformsthatsupportinnovationandentrepreneurship.Policiessuchastaxincentives,governmentprocurement,intellectualpropertyprotection,andregulatoryreformscancreateamorefavorableenvironmentforinnovationandentrepreneurship.Inaddition,policymakerscancollaboratewithindustryassociations,researchinstitutes,universities,andotherstakeholderstoco-createinnovationprograms,incubators,andacceleratorsthatnurturestartupsandsmallbusinesses.Thiswouldhelptocreateamoredynamicandsustainableinnovationecosystemandencouragemoreprivateinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment.

Finally,policymakersshouldprioritizesustainabilityandsocialresponsibilityintheirinnovationagendas.ThePRDurbanagglomerationhastraditionallybeenassociatedwithheavyindustry,pollution,andenvironmentaldegradation.However,theregionhasalsomadesignificantprogressincleanenergy,greentechnologies,andsustainabledevelopment.Bypromotingsustainableinnovationandintegratingenvironmental,social,andgovernance(ESG)considerationsintotheirpoliciesandpractices,policymakerscannotonlyenhancetheregion'scompetitiveness,butalsocontributetoglo