經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！雅思閱讀判斷題技巧解析雅思閱讀判斷題，不止有yes和no，還有一個(gè)神奇的NotGiven.今天給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x判斷題技巧解析希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。雅思閱讀判斷題技巧解析雅思閱讀判斷題通常又被叫做是非題，題目是若干個(gè)陳述句，要求根據(jù)原文所給的信息，判斷每個(gè)陳述句是對(duì)(True)、錯(cuò)(False)、還是未提及(NotGiven)。有必要為廣大的Ieltser介紹下notgiven型的雅思閱讀判斷題的前世今生，按照雅思官方的說法，NotGiven的設(shè)置是為了對(duì)來說更能測(cè)試出考生真實(shí)的語言能力。雅思官方呀的良苦用心，造就了一批深受此題困擾的烤鴨。請(qǐng)看的分析與講解，看是否能助你脫離此苦海，掌握完全的雅思閱讀判斷題技巧。首先我們要明確NotGivenNotGiven。我們來看看雅思官方給出的NotGiven的兩種界定：1.Ifthereisnoinformationonthis.2.Ifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutit.簡(jiǎn)單來說，NotGiven就是一個(gè)無端捏造的描述。雅思閱讀判斷題特點(diǎn)：、判斷題是順序題、同時(shí)定位兩題、True、False、NotGiven百分百出現(xiàn)、True42%False38%NotGiven20%提下，需要熟悉判斷題中的考點(diǎn)，以快速找到問題之所在，進(jìn)行判斷。一般來說，一道判斷題通?？疾橐换騼蓚€(gè)考點(diǎn)，常考的雅思閱讀判斷題考點(diǎn)為：1.是非考點(diǎn)2.數(shù)字考點(diǎn)3.絕對(duì)考點(diǎn)4.比較考點(diǎn)1.是非考點(diǎn)王寶強(qiáng)帥”“是非考點(diǎn)。原文：王寶強(qiáng)是一個(gè)帥男。與題干帥完全一致，答案選TRUE;原文：王寶強(qiáng)不是一個(gè)帥男，不是帥男，明顯抵觸于題干中的帥”，因而答案選FALSE;原文:孫紅雷在國內(nèi)影壇扮演硬漢形象。原文根本沒有出現(xiàn)題干中的定位詞王寶強(qiáng)，因而答案NOTGIVEN未提及型;原文很有意思”，并不一致于題干中的帥”帥王寶強(qiáng)，但是答案依然選NOTGIVEN是非”需要進(jìn)行判斷。如題干：Australianshavebeenturningtoalternativetherapiesinincreasingnumbersoverthepast20years.原文：disenchantmentwithorthodoxmedicinehasseenthepopularityofalternativetherapiesinAustraliaclimbsteadilyduringthepast20years.題干increasingnumbers=原文climbsteadily,判定是否上升，達(dá)成一致，答案為TRUE.2.數(shù)字考點(diǎn)中的數(shù)字不符合，答案選FALSE.例如：Q31MIRTPwasdividedintofivephases.(CAM7/TEST2/PASSAGE3),原文：PhaseIII,fromMarch1991toMarch1993,focusedontherefinementandinstitutionalizationoftheseactivities.題干中的五個(gè)階段中的三個(gè)階段”，不一致，答案選FALSE.3.絕對(duì)考點(diǎn)只要題干中存在絕對(duì)詞，通常選FALSE.例如：Q9Anystreetchildcansetuptheirownsmallbusinessifgivenenoughsupport.(CAM4/TEST3/PASSAGE1)原文：Beinganentrepreneurisnotforeveryone,norforeverystreetchild.題干：如果給予足夠支持，任何孩子都可以建立自己的公司。與原文:并不是”每個(gè)人都適合當(dāng)老板，街頭兒童也是如此。明顯抵觸，答案選FALSE.4.比較考點(diǎn)more…than…,容易產(chǎn)生并不存在的比較關(guān)系，而選擇NOTGIVEN.例如：Q18Disease-spreadingpestsrespondmorequicklytopesticidesthanagriculturalpestsdo.(CAM8/TEST4/PASSAGE2),原文：AccordingtoarecentstudybytheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation(FAO),morethan300speciesofagriculturalpestshavedevelopedresistancetoawiderangeofpotentchemicals.題干：傳播疾病的害蟲對(duì)于農(nóng)藥的反應(yīng)比農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲迅速。原文：聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織(FAO)最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，超過300100種已經(jīng)對(duì)多種正在使用的殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了免疫力。原文雖然講到了兩種害蟲的抗藥性，但是并沒有進(jìn)行比較。答案選NOTGIVEN.雅思閱讀材料：六個(gè)壞習(xí)慣將毀掉你的睡眠Ifyouequategettingolderwithneeding—orgetting—lesssleep,here’sawake-upcall:Itsnottrue!“Themajorityofusrequirebetweensevenandninehoursofshut-eyeanight,"saysRobertOexman,D.C.,directoroftheSleeptoLiveInstitute.“Andthere’slittlereason—whetheryou’re55or80—nottogetit.”Barringdisease,medicationandpain(alllegitimatesleepinterrupters),ifpatientscomplainofbadsleep,Dr.Oexmanlooksattheirnighttimehabits,wheretheproblemalmostalwaysresides.來提醒你吧，不是這樣的!睡眠與生命研究所所長(zhǎng)，脊骨神經(jīng)科醫(yī)師羅伯特·歐克斯曼說道：大多數(shù)人每晚需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間。無論你是55還是80歲，都應(yīng)該做到這一點(diǎn)?！奔膊?、藥物和疼痛除外(這些都可能會(huì)干擾睡眠)歐克斯曼醫(yī)師會(huì)查看其晚間生活習(xí)慣來發(fā)現(xiàn)問題所在。So,howareyousabotagingyourz-z-z-z-z’s?所以，你是怎樣破壞自己的睡眠的呢?BadHabit#1:WatchingTVuntilyoufallasleep?壞習(xí)慣一：看電視看到睡著WhyItDisruptsSleep:Ithasnothingtodowithwhatyouwatch—DowntonAbbeyisn’tabetterpre-sleepchoicethanDogtheBountyHunter.Ratherit’stheexposuretoTV’sbrightlightthat’stheculprit.Artificialbrightlightafterdusknotonlyenhancesalertness,butalsodelaystheproductionofmelatonin,asleep-inducinghormone.Soevenifyounodoff(infrontoftheTV,forexample),youprobablywon’tstayasleepforlong.《唐頓莊園》并不是比《賞金獵人》更好的睡前節(jié)目。反而是暴不僅讓人增加警惕性，而且會(huì)延遲體內(nèi)睡眠荷爾蒙——褪黑素的生成。所以即使你打盹了(比如在電視機(jī)前)，你很可能也睡不了多久。EZZZFix:Anhourbeforebedtime,treatyourselflikeababy:awarmbath,followedbyaquietactivityindimlight—meditation,journalwriting,reading.Butnoreadingorwritingonyourcomputerbeforebedorinthemiddleofthenight.(AlmosthalfoftherespondentsintheAOLEmailAddictionsurveyadmittedtocheckingemailduringthenight.Ifthat’syou,keeptechnologyoutofthebedroom.)解決方法：睡前一小時(shí)，讓自己像嬰兒一樣：洗個(gè)熱水澡，在暗淡的燈光下做些安靜的事情冥想，寫日記，閱讀。但是睡前或者半夜絕對(duì)不能在電腦上閱讀或者寫東西。(幾乎一半?yún)⑴c果你也是這樣，那么記得把高科技關(guān)在臥室外面吧。)BadHabit#2:SleepingwithFido壞習(xí)慣二：抱狗狗睡覺WhyItDisruptsSleep:Whileanimal-loversarguetheemotionalbenefitsofsharingapillowwiththeirpets,researchshowsthatpetscancontributetolessthansoundsleep.How?“Petshavedifferentcircadianrhythmsthanhumans,"saysOexman.“Theysleepmostoftheday,andtheyshiftalotwhensleeping—theygetcomfortable,thentheymove.Thisgoesonallnight,andwhetheryouadmititornot,itinterruptsyourabilitytogetthelevelofsleepneededtofeelrested."(Asforpetdanderandallergies—sneezingandwheezingarenotgreatsleepenhancers.)呢?“寵物和人有著不同的生理節(jié)律，他們每天大多數(shù)時(shí)候都會(huì)睡，睡覺的時(shí)候經(jīng)常動(dòng)他們覺得舒服，然后就會(huì)動(dòng)。整晚都會(huì)這樣，而且無論你承認(rèn)與否，你都會(huì)不知不覺被影響而達(dá)不到自己需要的睡眠程度。(至于寵物皮屑和各種過敏導(dǎo)致的打噴嚏和喘息都是會(huì)影響睡眠的因素。)EZZZFix:Fortwoweeks,putyourpoochorcatinacrateoutsideyourclosedbedroomdoor.Whenyourpetcansleepquietlyinthecrate,movethecrateinsideyourroomforanothertwoweeks.Whenthecratetrainingiscomplete,trylettingthedogorcatsleepinhisownbednearyourbed.Discourageallattemptstojumponyourbedandrewardallsuccessesforstayinginhisownbed.(Caveat:Planoninterruptedsleepforafewweeks.)箱里，把箱子放在臥室外面，然后關(guān)起門來。等你的寵物可以在板條箱里安靜地睡覺時(shí)，再把板條箱搬進(jìn)臥室里面放兩個(gè)星期。的地方趴在自己的窩里睡。阻止它所有試圖跳上你的床的嘗試，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)它乖乖在自己床上睡覺。(告誡：計(jì)劃好有幾個(gè)星期會(huì)睡不好覺。)BadHabit#3:Exercisingtooclosetobedtime?壞習(xí)慣三：臨睡前做運(yùn)動(dòng)WhyItDisruptsSleep:Rememberhowpoorlyyousleepwhenyouhaveafever—driftinginandout,neverreallyfeelingrested?Well,heavyexercisetooclosetobedtimehasthesameeffect—itraisesyourcorebodytemperaturesothatyoursleepisfragmentedatbestuntilyourbodytemperaturedropstonormal,whichmaytakeseveralhours.——的結(jié)果續(xù)直到你的體溫降到正常范圍，這可能會(huì)需要好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。EZZZFix:Nohardcoreexerciseatleastthreehoursbeforebedtime,sowhenyoulayyoursleepyheadonthepillow,yourbodytempisnormal.Also,keepthebedroomtemperaturebetween65-58degreesfortheidealsleepingclimate.Toocoldforyou?Pileontheblankets;justmakesureyourhead(nostockingcap,please)isexposedtothecoolerairtohelpregulateyourbodytemperature.的腦袋沾到枕頭時(shí)，你的體溫才是正常的。同時(shí)，最理想的睡眠條件是保持臥室溫度在65-58華氏度(18.3-20攝氏度)之間。對(duì)你來說太冷?多蓋上幾層毯子保證你的腦袋(請(qǐng)別戴絨線帽)置于冷空氣中，幫助調(diào)節(jié)體溫。BadHabit#4:Drinkingtoomuchliquidbeforebedtime壞習(xí)慣四：睡前大量喝水WhyItDisruptsSleep:Theshortanswer—youhavetogetupandpeefrequently.你需要頻繁起床去衛(wèi)生間。EZZZFix:Needwealsomentionthatcoffee,tea,andcolas,arenotonlydiuretics,butalsostimulants?Stopdrinkingcaffeinateddrinksafterlunchandotherliquidsatleastthreehoursbeforebedtimebecausepeeingatnightandagingdonotautomaticallygohandinhand—unlessyousufferfromaprostateissue,sleepapnea,orweakpelvicmuscles,inwhichcase,seeyourdocforhelpwiththerelatedsleepissues.解決方法：還需要跟你講咖啡、茶和可樂類飲料不僅利尿，而且有刺激作用么?不要在午飯后喝咖啡因飲料，至少睡前三小時(shí)也不要喝其他東西。因?yàn)橥砩仙蠋退ダ喜]有緊密聯(lián)系，這些情況，就去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生幫忙解決和睡眠相關(guān)的問題吧。BadHabit#5:Eatingfatty,heavyfoodstooclosetobedtime?壞習(xí)慣五：睡前吃油膩且難消化的食物WhyItDisruptsSleep:Heartburnstrikesanyoneofanyage,butit’sthemostcommonGIdisorderinolderadults.Ifyou’veevertriedtogotosleepaftereatingafattymeal,you’veprobablyfoundthediscomfortofstomachacidsleakingintoyouresophaguslessthanconducivetofallingasleeporstayingasleep.飯后去睡覺，你可能會(huì)感受到由于胃酸進(jìn)入食道而引起的不舒服，這不利于入睡或進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)。EZZZFix:Trytoeatyourlastmealofthedayatleast2-3hoursbeforebedtime.Shouldyoufeelpeckishbeforebed,consideracarbohydrate-richsnack."Carbsstimulatemelatoninproduction,"saysDr.Oexman,"sohavea(normalsize)bowlofcereal,ahalfabagelwithaspreadofhummus,orasmallboiledpotato."Ormaybehaveaservingofjasminerice.AccordingtotheJournalofClinicalNutrition,eatingjasminericehelpedpeopleinastudyfallasleepfasterthanothertypesofrice.Whoknew?2-3小時(shí)吃每天的最后一頓飯。如果你睡前肚子餓，考慮下富含碳水化合物的小吃吧。碳水化所以來一碗(正常大小的碗)麥片，半個(gè)抹著鷹嘴豆沙的百吉餅，或者一個(gè)小點(diǎn)的煮土豆。或者吃點(diǎn)香米。根據(jù)《臨床營養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志》的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究，吃了香米的人比吃了其他種類的大米的人入睡更快。誰知道呢?BadHabit#6:Acceptingsnoringasnormalsleepbehavior壞習(xí)慣六：明明睡覺打呼，卻放棄治療WhyItDisruptsSleep:Snoringmayseemascommonasbreathing,butitsconsideredthebiggestsleepdisrupter,anditslinkedtoseveralcauses:sleepingonyourback,beingoverweight,havingacoldorallergies,drinking,ortakingcertainmedications.Atitsmostserious,itscausedbyapnea,apotentiallylife-threateningillness.Forthesnorer,itdisruptssleepbyawakeninghim/hereverysoofteninordertobreathenormally.Forthepartner,thenoisecanbedeafening.超重，感冒過敏，喝酒或者吃藥。最嚴(yán)重的情形是，打呼是由一段時(shí)間會(huì)醒來以保證正常呼吸，所以睡眠不可避免會(huì)被影響。EZZZFix:Forminorproblems,trytheobvious;loseweight,sleeponyourside,takedecongestantsifyouhaveacold.Inaddition,Dr.Oexmanrecommendsusingamouthguard,whichisanon-invasivewaytoopenthebreathingpassages.Toruleoutordiagnoseapnea,consultyourdoctor.Andneverdismisssnoringasjustanuisanceuntilyou’vediscoveredtheunderlyingcause.Thatmeansnoseparatebedroomsasthequickfix.感冒了服用去充血?jiǎng)３酥?，歐克斯曼醫(yī)師推薦使用牙托，大不了，而將它輕易打發(fā)掉。也就是說，不要將分房睡作為解決打呼問題的直接方案。雅思閱讀材料：可以聽懂你情緒的手機(jī)應(yīng)用BeyondVerbalCommunicationsLtd.,avoice-recognitionsoftwaredeveloperhere,isrollingoutanapppromisingsomethingSiricantyetdeliver:areadoutonhowyoufeel.語音識(shí)別軟件開發(fā)商BeyondVerbalCommunicationsLtd.即將推出一款應(yīng)用軟件，有望實(shí)現(xiàn)Siri尚且無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)功能：把你的情緒顯示出來。CalledMoodies,itletsasmartphoneuserspeakafewwordsintothephonesmiketoproduce,about20secondslater,anemotionalanalysis.BeyondVerbalexecutivessaytheappismostlyforself-diagnosis--andabitoffun:Itpairsacartoonfacewitheachanalysis,anduserscansharethefaceonsocialmedia.借助于這款名為“Moodies”的應(yīng)用，智能手機(jī)用戶可以朝著手機(jī)的麥克風(fēng)講話，在大約20秒鐘之后生成情緒分析。BeyondVerbal的管理人員說，該應(yīng)用主要是用于自我診斷，也可以帶來把臉孔拿到社交媒體上去分享。Buttheappiscomingoutasthecompanyandotherdevelopers--manyclusteredinTelAviv--pushincreasinglysophisticatedhardwareandsoftwaretheysaycandetermineapersonsemotionalstatethroughanalysisofhisorhervoice.在這款應(yīng)用面世之際，BeyondVerbal和其他一些開發(fā)商――很多都扎堆特拉維夫正在推出一些越來越尖端、據(jù)它們說可以通過分析語音確定一個(gè)人情緒狀態(tài)的硬件和軟件。Thesecompaniessaythetoolscanalsodetectfraud,screenairlinepassengersandhelpacall-centertechnicianbetterdealwithaniratecustomer.Andtheycanbeusedtokeeptabsonemployeesorscreenjobapplicants.Onedeveloper,TelAviv-basedNemesyscoLtd.,offerswhatitcallshonestymaintenancesoftwareaimedathuman-resourceexecutives.Thefirmsaysthatbyanalyzingajobapplicantsvoiceataninterview,theprogramcanhelpidentifyfibs.這些公司說，這些工具還可以偵測(cè)欺詐、檢查飛機(jī)乘客、幫員工或篩選求職者。特拉維夫開發(fā)商N(yùn)emesyscoLtd.推出以人力資源經(jīng)理為目標(biāo)客戶的誠信維護(hù)軟件。該公司說，這套程序可以通過分析求職者在面試期間的說話聲音來幫助辨別謊言。Thatsraisingalarmamongmanyvoice-analysisexperts,whoquestiontheaccuracyofsuchon-the-spotinterpretations.Itsalsoraisingworriesamongprivacyadvocates,whosaysuchtechnology--especiallyifitisbeingrolledoutincheap,easy-to-usesmartphoneapps--couldbeafreshthreattoprivacy.準(zhǔn)確性提出了質(zhì)疑。也引起了很多隱私鼓吹者的憂慮，他們說，能手機(jī)應(yīng)用的形式推出，威脅就更為嚴(yán)重。Dependingonhowtheanalysisisperformed,usedandshared,therecouldwellbebreachesofcertainprivacylaws,saysGwendolenMorgan,anassociateatBindmansLLP,aLondonhuman-rightslawfirm.倫敦人權(quán)律師事務(wù)所BindmansLLP合伙人格溫德琳?摩根(GwendolenMorgan)說，這些分析“很有可能違反了某些隱私法規(guī)，具體要看它們是怎樣運(yùn)行以及被使用和共享的。Thenewwaveoftechnologyisbasedonso-calledlayeredvoiceanalysis,anditsrelatedtothemuchbroader,moreestablishedfieldofspeech-to-textsentimentanalysis.VerintSystemsInc.,ThomsonReutersPLCandHewlett-PackardCo.andothershavelongusedspeech-to-texttechnologytorecordphonecallsandbreakthemdownintoso-calledtext-basedsentimentintelligencebyflaggingtheoccurrenceofkeywordsortypesofwords.Callcentersusethedatatoteachemployeestokeepcustomersonthephoneormonitoremployeesfortrainingpurposes.這一波新的技術(shù)浪潮基于深層語音分析”(layeredvoiceanalysis)，跟更廣泛、更成熟的語音轉(zhuǎn)文字”(speech-to-text)情緒分析領(lǐng)域有關(guān)。VerintSystemsInc.(ThomsonReutersPLC)、惠普(Hewlett-PackardCo.)等公司曾長(zhǎng)期使用語音轉(zhuǎn)文字技基于文本的情緒情報(bào)。呼叫中心用這些數(shù)據(jù)教員工如何讓客戶保持通話，或?yàn)榱伺嘤?xùn)的目的而監(jiān)測(cè)員工。Thenewspeech-focusedtoolscomeasothercompaniesaremarketingbody-languageandfacial-recognitionsentiment-analysistools--includinganappforGoogleInc.sGoogleGlass.語言和面部識(shí)別類的情緒分析工具，比如一款針對(duì)谷歌公司(GoogleInc.)“”(GoogleGlass)的應(yīng)用。Voice-recognitionandanalysisspecialistssaythereisnoquestionthatemotionsandpatternsofspeechcanbelinked.Butmanysaytheutilityoftheanalysiscanbelimitedbytheextenttowhichvoicesampleshavebeencollected--oftenrequiringyearsofsamplestodetectvariationscausedbyemotions.的變異。AndrewBaron,assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver,saysinformationproducedbyalotofthecommerciallyfocusedvoice-recognitiontechnologycanbefuzzy.溫哥華英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)(UniversityofBritishColumbia)心理學(xué)助理教授安德魯?巴倫(AndrewBaron)音識(shí)別技術(shù)所產(chǎn)生的信息都有可能是失真的。Wesimplydonthavethetechnologytoday,atthelevelofcognitiveneuroscience,toreallyknowtheprecisecontentofapersonsthoughtoremotion,Mr.Baronsays.巴倫說：想要真正知道一個(gè)人思想或情緒的準(zhǔn)確內(nèi)容，我們今天根本就沒有在認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的層面掌握這樣的技術(shù)?！盜sraelhasbecomeanepicenterofthenewtechnologylargelybecauseofitsroleasanincubatorforsecurity-focusedtechnology.Nemesyscomarketstosecuritycompaniesandlaw-enforcementagencies,aswellasinsurancecompaniesandothercorporateclients.技術(shù)孵化器的角色。Nemesysco的目標(biāo)客戶有安保公司、執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)，也有保險(xiǎn)公司和其他一些企業(yè)客戶。BritainsDepartmentofWorkandPensionboughtsomeofNemesyscossoftwaretohelpitdetectbenefitfraudin20XX,butitsaysitdiscontinuedthecontractafterthreeyearsafterinconclusiveresults.英國就業(yè)及退休保障部(DepartmentforWorkandPension)在20XX年購入Nemesysco的一部分軟件，來幫助它偵測(cè)騙取福利的行為。但該部表示，三年過后因?yàn)闄z測(cè)結(jié)果不確定，便中止了合同。NemesyscofounderAmirLibermansayshisfirmhascomeupwith120vocalparametersthatcorrelatewithhumanemotions.Usingalgorithms,Mr.Libermansaysthetechnologycanpickuppatternsandabnormalitiesandclassifythemasrelatedtoemotionalstateslikestress,excitementandconfusion.Hesaysthetechnologysbenefitsfaroutweighanyperceivedinfringementonpersonalprivacy.Nemesysco?利伯曼(AmirLiberman)司已經(jīng)確定了120特定的模式和異常情況，進(jìn)而確認(rèn)它們是否與緊張、興奮、疑惑等情緒狀態(tài)有關(guān)。他說，該技術(shù)的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝過一些人眼中個(gè)人隱私受到的侵犯。EmoSpeech,astartupbasedinPuebla,Mexico,andCambridge,Mass.,sellsitsvoice-analysisproducttocallcentersinMexico.Itpromisesanabilitytoidentifyfourba