UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESGrammarFocus動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語①動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語V-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語與它之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，表示動作正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程或狀態(tài)，常用于以下3種情況：1．表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞(短語)，如：see/hear/feel/smell/find/notice/observe/lookat/listento...＋sb.＋doingsth.。Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.

當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在門口。Theteachernoticedaboyreadinganovelinclass.老師注意到一個男孩在課堂上讀小說。2．表示指使意義的使役動詞，如：have/let/keep/get/leave...＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.。Let'shurryup.Don'tkeepthemwaitingforalongtime.我們快點(diǎn)兒！不要讓他們等很長時間。Iwon'thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。3．用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪聲不斷，我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.這么多人看著她，她感到緊張。[即時演練1]——單句語法填空(1)WhenIpassedbyhisoffice,Iheardhim

(sing)aChinesesong.(2)Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeople

(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.(3)WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomen

(argue).singingsurroundingarguing(4)Ilovemyschoolwithstudents

(work)hardtorealizetheirdreamsandteachers

(help)uslikeourparents.(5)Hehadthewalls

(paint)thismorning.workinghelpingpainted動詞-ing形式是非謂語動詞的一種，兼有動詞和形容詞的特征，在句中可作表語，定語，賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語，一般表示進(jìn)行或主動的意思。動詞-ing形式用作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致，動詞-ing形式所表示的動作和句子的主語是主動關(guān)系。動詞-ing形式在句中可以作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨和結(jié)果狀語。動詞-ing形式作狀語e.g.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.

一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。分析：see的動作是由其邏輯主語“he”發(fā)出，與句子的主語he一致，且構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，所以用動詞-ing形式。將下面的時間狀語從句改寫成簡單句。Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawadog.1.作時間狀語e.g.Being

ill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

因為生病了，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。分析:Heisill是Hedidn’tgotoschool的原因。be的邏輯主語和句子主語是一致,主動關(guān)系。Notknowingtheway,hegotlost.翻譯句子：由于不認(rèn)路，他迷路了。

Ashe____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowtheway動詞-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。2.作原因狀語e.g.Turning

totheleft,youwillseeaschool.

向左轉(zhuǎn)你就會看到一所學(xué)校。Ifwe___________,wewillsucceed.翻譯句子：努力學(xué)習(xí),我們就會成功。Studyinghard,wewillsucceed.studyhard3.作條件狀語e.g.Granting

thistobetrue,wecannotexplainit.

雖然我們承認(rèn)這是事實，卻無法予以說明。Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.翻譯句子：雖然知道它很難，我也不放棄。AlthoughI_________________,Idon’tgiveup.knowitisdifficult4.作讓步狀語e.g.Yougavemesuchafrightcreepinguponmelikethat!

你那樣不聲不響地從后面過來，嚇我一跳！

用動詞-ing形式作狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯下列句子。

1)請你用另一種方式回答問題。

2)她跑進(jìn)屋里來。Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.Shecamerunningintotheroom.5.作方式狀語e.g.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上磕破了。Hewentabroad,leaving

hisuncleabighouse.翻譯句子：他出國了，留給他叔叔一間大房子。Hewentabroad

and________hisuncleabighouse.left

6.作結(jié)果狀語動詞-ing形式做結(jié)果狀語，是表示隨著謂語動詞所表示的動作的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，其邏輯主語往往是前面整個句子所描述的情況。而動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時前面可以加only。e.g.Wecamehomeonlytofindourgardeninamess.Heleft,nevertoreturn.注意：不一樣的結(jié)果狀語e.g.Thelittleboywentupstairs,trailinghisteddybearbehindhim.

那個小男孩走上樓去，身后拖著他的玩具熊。

Emmawassittinginanarmchairreadingabook.

Emma坐在一張扶手椅上看書。7.作伴隨狀語Helayonthegrass

and

___________thesky.翻譯下面句子。他躺在草地上，凝望天空。Helayonthegrass,staringatthesky.staredatNotes:動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語、方式狀語和結(jié)果狀語時，通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成兩個并列的簡單句。課本P69第二題1.Frightenedbythenoise,Amyturnedonallthelightsinthehouse.2.Whiledrivingalongthefreeway,theynoticedakangaroostandinginthemiddleoftheroad.3.Afterwatchingthemoviefortenminutes,wefeltsoboredthatwedecidedtoleave.4.Comingoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting.課本P69第二題5.Afterturningfifteen,shebecameinterestedintravelling.6.Notwaitingtobelate,Sallyrantothesubwaystation.7.Feelingtired,Timwenttobedassoonashegothome.8.Aftergatheringallhiscourage,heranbackintotheburninghousetorescuethechild.[即時演練2]——單句語法填空(1)(2021·新高考全國卷Ⅰ讀后續(xù)寫)

(see)themessinthekitchen,heimmediatelyunderstoodwhathadhappened.(2)

(turn)totheright,youwillfindthehouseyouarelookingfor.(3)Thefirelastednearlyamonth,

(leave)nothingvaluable.(4)

(live)milesaway,heattendedthelecture.(5)Helayinbed,

(read)anovel.SeeingTurningleavingLivingreading(二)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語的注意事項1．現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時，用分詞的一般式（doing)。

Walkingalongthestreet,Isawthisbar.

我正在大街上行走時，看到了這個酒吧。(Walking和謂語動詞saw同時發(fā)生)(2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時，用分詞的完成式(havingdone)。

Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.

他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(Havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)[即時演練3]——單句語法填空(1)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,

(make)airconditioningunnecessary.(2)

(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.(3)

(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.(4)

(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.makingHaving

workedHaving

livedSeeing2．現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)，這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語是分詞的邏輯主語?！鬑avingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)---havingbeendone)被領(lǐng)著參觀工廠后，他們很高興。◆Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動語態(tài)---havingdone)完成作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺了。[即時演練4]——單句語法填空(1)

(spend)allhismoney,theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.(2)

(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandtherules.(3)

(receive)hisreply,sheranghimup.(4)

(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.HavingspentHavingbeentoldHavingreceivedHavingbeenasked單句語法填空1．

(represent)theStudentAssociation,Iwenttotheairporttomeettheinternationalstudents.2．

(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreport.3．

(select)theproperpresent,theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.4．Groupactivitieswereorganizedafterclass,

(build)upchildren'steamspirit.RepresentingHaving

workedHaving

selectedbuilding6．_____(go)straightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.7．Thevillagerssawthefire_______brightlyinthedistance.Whentheyhurriedthere,theyfoundsomehouses_____________tothegroundalready.(burn)8．Isuddenlyfeltmyself__________(hit)byaheavyfist.Goingburningburned/burntbeinghit維度一單句語法填空1．Inoticedathief

(steal)moneyfromtheoldman'spocketwhenIpassedby.2．Don'tleavethewater

(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.3．WithChristmas

(approach),aChristmaspartywillbeheldintheschool.4．Withmoreandmorefarmers

(rush)intocity，theirchildren'seducationbecomesaproblem.stealingrunningapproachingrushing5．

(wander)alongthestreet,Frederickcaughtsightofahomelessdog.6．

(compare)withmanyotherwomen,sheleadsaveryhappylife.7．Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,

(cause)themtobelate.8．

(give)anotherfiveminutes,Icanfinishtheworkontime.WanderingComparedcausingGiven9．

(finish)the800-meterrace,hewasofcourseoutofbreath.10．

(taste)terrible,themedicinewasthrownawaybythelittleboy.11．

(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,Joeyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.12．Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,

(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.Having

finishedTastingHaving

waitedturningCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.feelwantfacesmile

returnworryhearknock1.__________thathiswifehadbeeninjuredinanaccident,Mr