Adisciplinetostudytheetiology,pathogenicmechanism,pathology,pathology-physiology,clinicalexpression,treatmentandfavorableturnetc.ofthediseaseondentalhardtissueandpulptissue.Concept現(xiàn)在是1頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四ThecontentofthetextbookCariologyNon-cariogenicdiseaseofdentalhardtissueEndodonticsOperativedentistry現(xiàn)在是2頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四History現(xiàn)在是3頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四In50’syearsOralmedicineCariologyOperativedentistryEndodonticsNon-cariogenicdiseaseofdentalhardtissueDiseaseofOralmucosaPreventivedentistryPeriodontologyPaediatricsfordentistry現(xiàn)在是4頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四StomatologyinancienttimesBeforeChrist(B.C.)Thereweresomerecordaboutcaries現(xiàn)在是5頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Imagelikingcharacter(script)worm+tooth現(xiàn)在是6頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Thechinesewereknowntohavetreateddentalillswithknife,cautery,andacupuncture,atechniquewherebytheypunctureddifferentareasofthebodywithaneedle.現(xiàn)在是7頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四InDynastyHan(A.D.215~282)TherearesomerecordaboutperiodontologyAnnoDomini現(xiàn)在是8頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四PulpitisInHan,Mr.ZhangZhongJing《JinGuiYaolue》wasaveryfamouswritingsinwhichtherewasarecordaboutarsenicArsenicisatoxicantmedicinewhichhasbeengenerallyusedforkillingpulp現(xiàn)在是9頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四

InDynastyTang(A.D.7~10era)thepeopleuse

silverpaste

tofilltoothdecay現(xiàn)在是10頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四InTang,toothbrushwithwillowtwig

atoothbrushwithhairplantedwasinventedinA.D.9~11centuryfromatombofanemperor`sson-in-lawofLiaofromChiFongcity

現(xiàn)在是11頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四3eventsabovedescribedreflectedancientcivilizationofourcountry現(xiàn)在是12頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四DentistrydevelopmentinWestcountry現(xiàn)在是13頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四ThefirstknowndentistwasanEgyptiannamedHesi-re(3000B.C.).Hewaschieftoothisttothepharaohs,hewasalsoaphysician,indicatinganassociationbetweenmedicineanddentistry.現(xiàn)在是14頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四TheGreeksHippocrates(500B.C.)appreciatedtheimportanceofteeth.Heaccuratelydescribedthetechniqueforreducingafractureofthejawandalsoreplacingadislocatedmandible.Hewasfamiliarwithextractionforcepsforthisismentionedinoneofhiswritings.現(xiàn)在是15頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Aristotle(384B.C.)alsostatedfigsandsoftsweetsproducedecay.現(xiàn)在是16頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Galen(200A.D.Romans)wasfirsttorecognizethattoothachecouldbe:PulpitisorpericementitisHealsoclassifiedteethintocentrals,cuspidsandmolars.現(xiàn)在是17頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四B.LeonardodaVinci

(endof15thCentury)-hedescribedtheanatomyofthejaws,teethandmaxillarysinus.Thesedrawingsarethefirsttoaccuratelydescribethemaxillarysinus.However,credithasbeengiventoDr.NathanielHighmoreofEngland(1650).現(xiàn)在是18頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四D.Leeuwenhoek

(17thCentury)-inventedthemicroscope.Hedescribedthedentaltubuliandwasthefirsttoseeorganismsofthemouth現(xiàn)在是19頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Antonvanleeuwenhoek現(xiàn)在是20頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四K.JohnGreenwood

(1789)-denturesforGeorgeWashingtonweremadebyhim.現(xiàn)在是21頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四aredlaserscansGeorgeWashington'sfalseteethnotwoodenLaserscansfindgold,ivory,lead,humanandanimalteeth

現(xiàn)在是22頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四L.PierreFauchard

(18thCentury-1728)-FatherofScientificDentistry.Wroteagreattext"SurgeonDentist".HealsowroteacompleteworkonOdontologyintwovolumes,843pages.Herecognizedtheintimaterelationshipbetweenoralconditionsandgeneralhealth.Headvocatedtheuseofleadtofillcavities.Heremovedalldecayandifthepulpwasexposed,heusedthecautery.現(xiàn)在是23頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Museed'ArtDentairePierreFauchard

attheAcademieNationaledeChirurgieDentaire

22RueEmileMenier,75116,ParisFrance

現(xiàn)在是24頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Heprescribedoilofclovesandcinnamonforpulpitis.Hedescribedpartialdenturesandfulldenturesinhistext.Heconstructeddentureswithspringsandusedhumanteeth.Golddowelswereusedinrootcanalsfilledwithlead.HewasalsoknownasFatherofOrthodontics.Faucharddiedin1768attheageof83.現(xiàn)在是25頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1763A.DJohnBaker,M.D.SurgeonDentist.TheearliestqualifieddentisttopracticeinBostonandinAmerica.現(xiàn)在是26頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1836A.D.Arsenicintroducedforthekillingofpulps,bySpooner.現(xiàn)在是27頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1840A.D.TheAmericanSocietyofDentalSurgeons,firstnationaldentalorganization.TheBaltimoreCollegeofDentalSurgery,thefirstschoolintheworldforthetrainingofdentistswasfoundedbyHarrisandHarden.現(xiàn)在是28頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四FoundedbyHarrisandHarden現(xiàn)在是29頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1859A.D.OrganizationofAmericanDentalAssociationonarepresentativebasis.現(xiàn)在是30頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1890

W.D.Millerproposeachemical-bacteriaParaorganismtheorytoexplainthemechanismofcaries現(xiàn)在是31頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1891A.D.ExtensionforpreventionandscientificcavitypreparationpromulgatedbyG.V.Black.1892A.D.Theestablishmentofathree-yearcourseindentalcolleges.現(xiàn)在是32頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1906A.D.Einhornrecommendsnovacaineandadrenalincombinationforlocalanesthesia.現(xiàn)在是33頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1915A.D.McKayandBlackpublishresultsofinvestigationoffluorideindrinkingwater.現(xiàn)在是34頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1956A.D.Air-rotordrill,250,000RPMDr.RobertBorden.現(xiàn)在是35頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四StomatologyinChinabefore1949WestChinaUniversity(1910)ShanghaiSecondUniversity(1920)4thMilitaryMedicalUniversity(1935)BeijingUniversity(1943)現(xiàn)在是36頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四ShanghaiSecondUniversityWestChinaUniversity1918(School1910)現(xiàn)在是37頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四ThefirstdentalschoolinChinawasfoundedinWestChinaMedicalUniversityin1917.A.W.Lindsay現(xiàn)在是38頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四A.W.Lindsaywasteaching現(xiàn)在是39頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四After1949HubeiMedicalCollege1960FounderProf.XiaLiangCai現(xiàn)在是40頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Inrecent20years,thescienceandtechniquesgotgreatprogressThereare1~2facultiesordentalschoolsineachprovince現(xiàn)在是41頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四CariesresearchCariesVaccineEtiology&preventionPulpdiseaseModernrootcanaltraitmentPulpbiologyStemcell–finaltargetAchievements現(xiàn)在是42頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Craniofacial-oral-dentalresearchinthecentury21st現(xiàn)在是43頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四TheleadershipteamofNIDRinitiatedastrategicplanningprocessin1999toidentifyWhereweare(strengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreats)Wherewewanttogo(e.g.,missionandvision)Howweplantogetthere(strategicplan)現(xiàn)在是44頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Severalscientificareaswillbeconcernedincentury21st現(xiàn)在是45頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Frommolecularbiologytoclinicalinvestigations;etiology,pathogenesis,epidemiology,prevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofinheritedcraniofacial-oral-dentaldiseasesanddisorders.e.g.,ectodermic,dysplasia,cleftlipandpalate,amelogenesis

imperfect,dentingenesisimperfect,osteogenesisimperfect,andotherinheriteddiseases.Inheriteddiseaseanddisorders現(xiàn)在是46頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是47頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Hereditaryhypoplasia現(xiàn)在是48頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Hereditaryaplasiaoftheenamel現(xiàn)在是49頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四dentalcariesPeriodontitisOralcandidiasisHerpesHepatitis,HIV/AIDSInfectionsdiseasesViral,bacterial,fungalandparasiticsuchas現(xiàn)在是50頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四DiseasedPeriodontium現(xiàn)在是51頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Primaryherpeticstomatitis現(xiàn)在是52頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Candidalstomatitis現(xiàn)在是53頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四NeoplasticdiseaseSupportsbasic,patientoriented,andcommunity-basedresearchontheetiology,pathogenesisandmetastasis,epidemiology,prevention,diagnosis,treatmentoforalandpharyngealneoplasticdiseases現(xiàn)在是54頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是55頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是56頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四ChronicdisablingdiseasesThefullrangeofresearchinvolvingchronicdisablingdiseaseassociatedwiththecraniofacial-oral-dentalcomplex現(xiàn)在是57頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Thisincludes

osteoporosis,osteoarthritisandrelatedbonedisorders,temporo-mandiblejointdiseasesanddisorders,neuropathiesandneuro-degenerativediseasesincludingthoseinvolvingoralsensoryandmotorfunctionsandautoimmunediseasessuchassj?grenssyndrome.現(xiàn)在是58頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是59頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Chronicdiseasesofcran-oral-dentalcomplexandothersystemicdiseases(e.g.,diabetes)現(xiàn)在是60頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Biomaterials,biomimeticsandtissueengineeringBiomaterialsusedfortherepair,regeneration,restorationandreconstructionofcraniofacial-oral-dentalmolecules,cells,tissuesandorgans現(xiàn)在是61頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Thestudyofcomputeraiddesign(CAD)computeraidmanufacture(CAM)fordenture現(xiàn)在是62頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是63頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是64頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Behavior,healthpromotionandenvironmentaimedatassessingtheinteractiverolesofsociological,behavior,economic,environmental,genetic,andbiomedicalfactorsincraniofacial-oral-dentaldiseasesanddisorders現(xiàn)在是65頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四1996—

DietandOralHealth現(xiàn)在是66頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是67頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四caries現(xiàn)在是68頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四CariologyisadisciplinewithinStomatologywhichdealswiththecomplexinterplayingbetweentheoralfluidsandthemicrobialdepositsinrelationtosubsequentchangesinthedentalhardtissues.現(xiàn)在是69頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Epidemiologyindentalcaries現(xiàn)在是70頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Severalindexhavebeenusedindentalcaries現(xiàn)在是71頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Prevalence=NoofthepatientswithcariesNoofthespecificpopulationinanareaatriskofgettingcariesatthattimePrevalenceofcaries:thetotalcariesexperienceofapopulationinexistenceatacertaintimeinadesignatedarea.現(xiàn)在是72頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Cariesincidenceisusuallyexpressedasthenumberofnewdecayedteethorsurfacesper-aperiodinaindividual,group,orpopulation.Incidenceofcaries現(xiàn)在是73頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四DMF=Decayedteeth+Missingteeth+Filledteeth/NumberofsubjectsexaminedDMFT現(xiàn)在是74頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Ifsurfacehavebeencounted,thenwerefertothescoreasDMF-SIftheteethhavebeencounted,thenitisrefertoasDMF-TTheDMF-SorDMF-Tareoftenreferredtoasan“index”現(xiàn)在是75頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Thedistributionofdentalcariesinoralcavity現(xiàn)在是76頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是77頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是78頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Reducingtendencyindevelopedcountry現(xiàn)在是79頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是80頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四TheDMFTprevalenceof12-year-oldchildrenintheNordiccountriesintheperiod1974-91.Denmark,Finland,NorwayandSwedenseemtofollowthesamedownwardtrend,whereasIcelandhasstartedamorerapiddeclinesomewhatlater.現(xiàn)在是81頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Increasingtendencyindevelopingcountry現(xiàn)在是82頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四958498959892959813RomaniaChinaFujiTongaJordanian45627883858662DMFTsfor12Years-oldinPartofdevelopingcountry現(xiàn)在是83頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四ThecariesprevalenceofChinaTimePopulationpeoplewithcariesprevalenceBefore1949324691925859.301950~195921931210678148.701960~196954470821777440.001970~19793766290135636236.0013134040.54

permanentteethCities25080Countryside2063629.70Cities1968379.55Countryside1625358.48Deciduousteeth現(xiàn)在是84頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四TheDMFTprevalenceof12-year-oldchildrenin11provincesofChinaBeijing1.410.98Shanghai1.170.95Tianjing1.41 1.02 Gansu0.36 0.8Shandong 0.69 0.59Yunnan 0.46 0.88Liaoning 0.76 1.29Zhejiang 1.22 1.46Hubei 0.98 0.51Guangdong 0.91 1.65Sichuan 0.57 0.37Account0.670.88ProvinceDMFT(1983)DMFT(1995)現(xiàn)在是85頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四AgeDMFT121.03151.42181.6035~442.1165~742.49(DFT)TheDMFTprevalencein1995現(xiàn)在是86頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Currentconceptofcariesetiology現(xiàn)在是87頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Dentalcariesisamultifactorialdiseaseinwhichthereisaninterplayofthreeprincipalfactors:thehost(primarilythesalivaandteeth),themicroflora,andthesubstrate,ordiet.現(xiàn)在是88頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Afourthfactor

timemustbeconsideredinanydiscussionoftheetiologyofcaries.Diagrammatically,thesefactorscanbeportrayedasfouroverlappingcircles.現(xiàn)在是89頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Micro-organismshost&toothSub-strateThefourcirclesdiagrammaticallyrepresentthefactorsinvolvedinthecariousprocess.allfourfactorsmustactconcurrently(overlappingofthecircles)forcariestooccurtimenocariesnocariesnocariesnocariescaries現(xiàn)在是90頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Cariesrequiresasusceptiblehost,acariogenicoralfloraandasuitablesubstratethatmustbepresentforasufficientlengthoftime現(xiàn)在是91頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四EtiologyofCaries現(xiàn)在是92頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Salivathetermsalivareferstothemixtureofsecretionsintheoralcarity現(xiàn)在是93頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四SalivaisproduceddayandnightanditisconstantlyswallowedSalivaispresentasaproteinaceousfilmcoveringallsurfacesoforalcavity現(xiàn)在是94頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Thismixtureconsistsoffluidsderivedfromthemajorsalivaryglandsminorglandsoforalmucosetracesfromgingivalexudate現(xiàn)在是95頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四EffectofdesalivationonincidenceandextentcariesinanimalsEffectofdesalivationoncariesinhamstersGruopNo.hamstersAvg.no.cariousteethAvg.cariesscoreIntactSalivaryglands202.34.0Desalivated*1010.539.0*Parotid,submandibular,andsublingualglands.現(xiàn)在是96頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四DecreasedsalivaryflowandcariesinhumansSarcoidosisSjogren’ssyndromeTharapeuticradiation現(xiàn)在是97頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是98頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是99頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四HydrogenionBufferingabilityCalciumInorganicphosphateFluoricleInorganiccomponents現(xiàn)在是100頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四OrganiccomponentsmucinsGlycoproteinsStatherinandacidicproline-richproteinsamylase現(xiàn)在是101頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Antrmicrobialproteins現(xiàn)在是102頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Salivaanddentalcaries現(xiàn)在是103頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四thequantityofsalivaassociatedwithcariesexperience現(xiàn)在是104頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四RelationshipbetweensalivarycharacteristicsandcariesprevalencePropertyRelationshipPropertyRelationshipFlowrate±pHCa--Buffercapacity+PO4NH3AmylaseViscosityUrea----Salivarycompositionandcaries現(xiàn)在是105頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Antibacterialfactorsofglandularorigincouldprotectoralmucosalandhardsurfacesbyhelpingtoregulatethequantityandspeciesdistributionoforalmicrobes現(xiàn)在是106頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四OralMicroorganismsanddentalplaque現(xiàn)在是107頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Incontrasttomucosalsurfaces,thesurfacesofteetharenotconstantlyrenewedbysheddingofcolonizedepithelialcells.Surfacesofteeth現(xiàn)在是108頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四SomespecialsitesocclusalfissuesApproximalsurface現(xiàn)在是109頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是110頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四DentaldepositsBiofilmsondentalsurface-matrix-embeddedmicrobialpopulation,adherenttoeachotherand/ortosurfaceorinterfaces現(xiàn)在是111頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四AcquiredpellicleAcellular,homogeneousorganicfilmthatformsonenamelandotherhardsurfacebyselectiveadsorptionofsalivaryproteins.現(xiàn)在是112頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四adsorptionofsalivaryproteinsorglycoproteinsOrigin現(xiàn)在是113頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Immediatelyaftercleaningandpolishing,salivarysecretedepositinthedefectsofenamel.現(xiàn)在是114頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四SurfacepellicleSubsurfacepellicleHistologicalappearance現(xiàn)在是115頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四ThesurfacepellicleappearsacellularandfaintlygranularunderTEM

SurfacePellicle現(xiàn)在是116頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Pelliclesofunknownagemayvaryinthicknessfrom50~1000nm.現(xiàn)在是117頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四globular

fibrillar

granularDifferentmorphologicaltypes現(xiàn)在是118頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是119頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是120頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Asubsurfacepellicleconsistingofdendriticprocessesthatspreadintotheintercrystallinespacesandextendto3μmintotheenamel.現(xiàn)在是121頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四90%water10%solidmaterialcomposition現(xiàn)在是122頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Accordingtochemicalanalyses

aminoacidsaccountfor45%to50%

carbohydratesamount10%to15%ofthedryweight

lipid現(xiàn)在是123頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Functionhealing,repairing,orprotectingtheenamelsurfaceimpartingselectivepermeabilitytotheenamelinfluencingtheadherenceofspecificoral

microorganismstothetoothsurfaceservingasasubstrateornutrientfortheorganisms現(xiàn)在是124頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四summaryOrganicdepositNaturallyformsbyselectiveadsorptionOriginofproteinfromsalivaAfterpolishing,reformsrapidlyBacteriasettleonthepellicleassoonasitformsformationofdentalplaque現(xiàn)在是125頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四DentalPlaque

現(xiàn)在是126頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是127頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是128頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是129頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四InthefourthcenturyB.C.

Aristotlerelatedsoft,adherefooddepositstotoothdecay,butitwasnotuntiltheadventofthemicroscopeintheseventeenthcenturythat“animalcules(microorganism)wereseeninthesedentaldeposits.現(xiàn)在是130頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Antonvanleeuwenhoek,adraperandsheriff`schamberlaininDelftrecognizedthelimitationofmechanicaloralhygieneinremovingthesedeposits.現(xiàn)在是131頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是132頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四AntonVanleeuwenhoeksawlargenumbersoflivingcellsinscrapingsfromteeth:IjudgefrommyselfthatallthepeoplelivinginourunitedNetherlandsarenotasmanyasthelivinganimalculesthatIcarryinmyownmouththisveryday.現(xiàn)在是133頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Terminology1847FicinusaslimecoatingdenticulateWilliamsdemonstratedthepresenceofamassofmicroorganisms1895G.V.Blackgelatinousmicrobialplaque現(xiàn)在是134頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四DentalplaqueMostfigurativedescription:

abacterialaspicwithmillionsoforganismsstandingshouldertoshoulder現(xiàn)在是135頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四MoreformaldefinitionbyL?e:plaqueisthesoft,non-mineralized,bacterialdepositwhichformsonteethanddentalprosthesisthatarenotadequatelycleaned現(xiàn)在是136頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Morphologyofdentalplaque

Awhiteoroff-whiteaccumulation

Variablethickness現(xiàn)在是137頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Threemaintypiesoforganismscoccoidrod-shapedfilamentous現(xiàn)在是138頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是139頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是140頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是141頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四classificationSupragingivalplaqueSubgingivalplaqueDentalcalculus(calcifiedplaque)現(xiàn)在是142頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四SupragingivalplaqueSmoothsurfaceplaqueFissureplaque現(xiàn)在是143頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四SupragingivalsmoothsurfaceplaqueDividedinto4areas:

plaque/toothinterfacecondensedmicrobiallayerbodyoftheplaqueplaquesurface現(xiàn)在是144頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四plaque/toothinterfaceInsomelocationsnopelicle現(xiàn)在是145頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Highermagnificationofplaque-enamelborder.Microorganismsthatdivideinhorizontalplanesareindirectcontactwithenamel(130,000).現(xiàn)在是146頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Condensedmicrobiallayer

alayerofverydenselypackedcoccoidorganisms,from3~20cellsthick現(xiàn)在是147頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Partofa7-day-oldinterdentalplaquegrownonenamel.Theenamelmatrix(bottom),appearingasafinemeshwork,iscoveredbyathinelectron-denseanddiscontinuouspellicle.Immediatelyabovethisisthecondensedmicrobiallayerwhichiscoveredbyalayerofcoccoidandfilamentousmicro-organismsandprobablyNeisseria.Theintermicrobialspaceiselectron-lucentandrevealscellremnants(16,500).現(xiàn)在是148頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Bodyoftheplaquethisoccupiesbyfarthelargestportionoftheplaque現(xiàn)在是149頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Thinsectionofplaquemadeofdifferentbacterialspecies-predominantlycoccoidal.Denseaggregationofmicroorganismsattheenamelsurface(lowerleft)現(xiàn)在是150頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四PlaquesurfacelooselyarrangementGreatvariety:coccoid,rodlike,“corncob”現(xiàn)在是151頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Inthesurfacelayerofplaquesomemicroorganismsco-aggregatewithotherspecies,asvisualizedbythepresenceofso-calledcorncobstructures現(xiàn)在是152頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Magnifiedviewof“corncob”FreesurfaceofplaquecomposedofunidentifiedorganismsFreesurfaceofplaquecomposedofcoccoidgram-positive(heavilystainedcellwalls)andunidentifiedgram-negativemicroorganisms現(xiàn)在是153頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四FissureplaqueGram-positivecocciandshortrodspredominateinahomogeneous,matrix,withoccasionalyeastcells現(xiàn)在是154頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Palisadeandbranchingfilamentsareabsentwithinthefissures現(xiàn)在是155頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四A:surveyofdentalplaquesituatedwithinadeep,narrowfissureofapremolarB:theupperhalfofthefissureisfilledwithdarkmaterial,thelowerhalfislesdenseC:Highermagnificationrevealsaplaqueconsistingofmostlyghostlikemembraneandcellwallstructures現(xiàn)在是156頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四SubgingivalplaqueThematrixissparseOrganisms:filamentousorganisms,bacilli,cocci,spirochetesGramnegativebacteria現(xiàn)在是157頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Thefilamentousnatureofplaqueassociatedwithgingivitis.Noteattachmentofsmallerbacteriatofilaments現(xiàn)在是158頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Calcifiedplaque現(xiàn)在是159頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四SupragingivalcalcucuswhitechalkyyellowSubgingivalcalculusgreenishblackDentalcalculusisplaqueinwhichmineralizationhasinvolvedboththeplaquematrixandthemicroorganisms.現(xiàn)在是160頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Formationanddevelopmentofdentalplaques現(xiàn)在是161頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四UneventoothsurfaceCariouslesionsill-fillingmarginsofrestorationsIrregularitiesinpositioningoftheteeththelocationfavoringplaqueformation:現(xiàn)在是162頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四PellicleformationMicrobialcolonizationProcessofformation現(xiàn)在是163頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四PlaqueformationcanbeconsideredasthreephasesInitialcolonizationRapidbacterialgrowthRemodeling現(xiàn)在是164頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四BacteriaarethoughttobeunspecificallyassociatedwiththetoothsurfaceundertheinfluenceofVanderwall`sattractiveforcesaswellasrepulsivenegativeelectrostaticforcesInitialmicrobialcolonization現(xiàn)在是165頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Vanderwall’sforcesThereisaweaknessforcesbetweenthemoleculestobeequalto1/10~1/100energeofchemicalbond現(xiàn)在是166頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Dependonthecauseandcharacterofproducingtheforces:OrientationforceInductionforceDispersionforce現(xiàn)在是167頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Orientationforce現(xiàn)在是168頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Inductionforce現(xiàn)在是169頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Dispersionforce現(xiàn)在是170頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Afirmattachmentmaysubsequentlybeachievedbyspecificmechanisms現(xiàn)在是171頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Ligandstheory現(xiàn)在是172頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Recognizedsystem“adhesions”→”receptors”現(xiàn)在是173頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Simplifiedexplanationoftheprincipleofselectiveadherenceofbacteriatoenamel.Successfulattachmentisachievedwhenthesurfacecharacteristicsofabacteriumfitwithacomponentinthepellicle(P)現(xiàn)在是174頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Two-reactionprocessforS.mutansinitialweakattachmentoccursbetweenbacterialcellproteinsandsalivaryglycoproteinsoftheacquiredpellicleandisfollowedbycellularaccumulationmediatedbysucrose-dependentglucansandcellsurfacereceptorligands.現(xiàn)在是175頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Theadherenceofselectedoralbacteriainitiallyinvolvesnonspecific,low-affinity,veryrapidbindingreactionsfollowedbyspecific,high-affinity,slower,butstrongerattachmenttotheacquiredpellicle現(xiàn)在是176頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Microbialsuccession現(xiàn)在是177頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Receptors(oligossacharides)S.Oralishasaglactose-hindingadhesinActiuomycesviscosus→prolinerichproteinStatherins.sangnis→sialicacid現(xiàn)在是178頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Pioneerbacteriacreateanenvironmentwhichiseithermoreattractiveforsecondaryinvadersorincreaseunfavorableconditiontothemselves.現(xiàn)在是179頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Inthiswaytheresidentmicrobialcommunityisgraduallyreplacedbyotherspecies現(xiàn)在是180頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Inmaturedentalplaquetheremaybeasubtlebalance(homeostasis)thattendstoejectinvadingspeciesnotpreviouslypresent.現(xiàn)在是181頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四現(xiàn)在是182頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Structuralfeaturesofmicrobialcolonization現(xiàn)在是183頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Initialmicrobialdeposition

afteracleanedtoothsurfacehasbeenexposedfor4htotheoralenvironment,surprisinglyfewbacteriaarefound(oneofreports)現(xiàn)在是184頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四After4hoursexposuretheenameliscoveredbypelliclewhichisagranulardeposit,primarilylocatedinTomesprocessespits(TP)andinperikymatalgrooves(P)Thefirstbacteriatocolonizethetoothsurfaceareofthecocco-bacillarytype(B).notethatthegranulardepositdoesnotcoverthetoothsurfaceinauniformlayer(PE)現(xiàn)在是185頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Atthisearlystagebacteriaareofthecoccidorcocco-bacillarytypeandalwaysresideinshallowdepressionsonthesurface現(xiàn)在是186頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四After8honlyafewsmallergroupsofmicroorganismshavesettledonthesurfaceshelteredbytheperikymata

現(xiàn)在是187頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Numerousbacteriaspreadacrossthesurfaceasamonolayer現(xiàn)在是188頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四In12-h-oldbacterialdepositsthemicroorganismsspreadinmonolayeralongtheperikymata(P)現(xiàn)在是189頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Insameareasmultiplyingmicroorganismsformmultiplayer,individualorganismsareembeddedinaninter-microbialmatrix.現(xiàn)在是190頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Themonolayerofbacteria(upperpart)isgraduallyreplacedbyamultiplayer(lowerpart)whichisembeddedinanintermicrobialmatrix(X)現(xiàn)在是191頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四Within1daythetoothsurfaceisalmostcompletelycoveredbyblanketofmicroorganismsmonolayerareintermittedwithmultilayers.現(xiàn)在是192頁(yè)\一共有295頁(yè)\編輯于星期四After1dayth