本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——分析化學(xué)各章練習(xí)題及答案章節(jié)試題及答案（僅供練習(xí)參考）

1、誤差是衡量·······································································································（）

A.縝密度B.置信度C.確鑿度D.確切度2、偏差是衡量·······································································································（）

A.縝密度B.置信度C.確鑿度D.確切度3、以下論述中錯(cuò)誤的是······················································································（）

A.單次測(cè)量結(jié)果的偏差之和等于零B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差是用于衡量測(cè)定結(jié)果的分散程度C.系統(tǒng)誤差呈正態(tài)分布D.偶然誤差呈正態(tài)分布

4、以下論述中正確的是························································································（）

A.總體平均值尋常用?表示B.正態(tài)分布中正誤差和負(fù)誤差出現(xiàn)的概率相等C.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差尋常用μ表示D.分析結(jié)果落在μ±?范圍內(nèi)的概率為68.3%5、以下論述中正確的是······················································································（）

A.系統(tǒng)誤差加減法的傳遞是分析結(jié)果的絕對(duì)偏差為各測(cè)量步驟絕對(duì)偏差的代數(shù)和B.偶然誤差乘除法的傳遞是分析結(jié)果的相對(duì)偏差為各測(cè)量步驟相對(duì)偏差的代數(shù)和C.置信度是以自由度來(lái)表示的

D.少量試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)是按t分布進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)處理

6、以下論述中錯(cuò)誤的是······················································································（）

A.平均值的置信區(qū)間是μ=x±

??n

B.少量試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的平均值的置信區(qū)間是μ=x±C.平均值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的比較要用F檢驗(yàn)D.t試驗(yàn)法是比較兩組數(shù)據(jù)的方差S2

t??fnS

1

7、根據(jù)分析天平的稱量誤差（±0.0002g）和對(duì)測(cè)量的相對(duì)誤差（0.1%），以下論述中正確的是·············································································································（）A.試樣重量應(yīng)≥0.02gB.試樣重量應(yīng)≥0.2gC.試樣重量應(yīng)＜0.2gD.試樣重量就≥2.0g

8、以下論述中，有效數(shù)字位數(shù)錯(cuò)誤的是···························································（）

A.[H+]=3.24×10－

2（3位）B.pH=3.24（3位）

C.0.42(2位)D.Ka=1.8×10－

5（2位）

9、以下表達(dá)中最能說(shuō)明偶然誤差小的是·····························································（A.高縝密度B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差大C.細(xì)心較正過(guò)所有法碼和容量?jī)x器

D.與已知含量的試樣屢屢分析結(jié)果的平均值一致

10、以下論述中最能說(shuō)明系統(tǒng)誤差小的是···························································（A.高縝密度B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差大C.細(xì)心校正過(guò)所有砝碼和容量?jī)x器

D.與已知含量的試樣屢屢分析結(jié)果的平均值一致

11、定量分析中縝密度和確鑿度的關(guān)系是···························································（A.確鑿度是保證縝密度的前提B.縝密度是保證確鑿度的前提C.分析中，首先要求確鑿度，其次才是縝密度D.分析中，首先要求縝密度，其次才是確鑿度

12、若試樣的分析結(jié)果縝密度很好，但確鑿度不好，可能原因是···················（A.試樣不均勻B.使用試劑含有影響測(cè)定的雜質(zhì)C.使用未校正的容量?jī)x器D.有過(guò)失操作

13、分析測(cè)定中論述偶然誤差正確的是·····························································（A.大小誤差出現(xiàn)的幾率相等B.正誤差出現(xiàn)幾率大于負(fù)誤差C.負(fù)誤差出現(xiàn)幾率大于正誤差D.正負(fù)誤差出現(xiàn)的幾率相等

14、以下論述中錯(cuò)誤的是····················································································（A.方法誤差屬于系統(tǒng)誤差B.系統(tǒng)誤差包括操作誤差C.系統(tǒng)誤差又稱可測(cè)誤差D.系統(tǒng)誤差呈正態(tài)分布

2

）

）

））

）

）

15、下述狀況，使分析結(jié)果產(chǎn)生負(fù)誤差的是·····················································（）A.用HCL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液滴定堿時(shí)，測(cè)定管內(nèi)壁掛水珠

B.用于標(biāo)定溶液的基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)吸濕

C.測(cè)定H2C2O4·H2O摩爾質(zhì)量時(shí)，H2C2O4·2H2O失水D.滴定前用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液蕩洗了錐瓶

16、對(duì)SiO2標(biāo)樣（SiO2%=37.45）測(cè)定5次，結(jié)果如下:37.40（x1）%，37.20（x2）%，

37.30（x3）%，37.50（x4）%，37.30（x5）%。其相對(duì)誤差（%）是········（）A.0.29B.—0.29C.0.58D.－0.58

17、對(duì)16題，其相對(duì)平均值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差（相對(duì)平均值的縝密度）是···············（）

A.0.31B.0.051C.－0.14D.0.14

18、可以減少偶然誤差的方法是··········································································（）

A.進(jìn)行儀器校正B.作對(duì)照試驗(yàn)C.作空白試驗(yàn)D.增加平行測(cè)定次數(shù)

19、可以減免分析測(cè)試中系統(tǒng)誤差的方法是·······················································（）

A.進(jìn)行儀器校正B.認(rèn)真細(xì)心操作C.作空白試驗(yàn)D.增加平行測(cè)定次數(shù)

20、計(jì)算x=11.05+1.3153+1.225+25.0678，答案x應(yīng)為······································（）

A.38.66B.38.6581C.38.64D.38.6721、下面結(jié)果應(yīng)以幾位有效數(shù)字報(bào)出

0.1010(25.00?24.80)··························（）

1.0000A.5位B.3位C.4位D.2位

22、用NaOH滴定HAc，以酚酞出指示劑滴到pH=9，會(huì)引起··························（）

A.正誤差B.負(fù)誤差C.操作誤差D.過(guò)失誤差

23、堿式滴定管氣泡未趕出，滴定過(guò)程中氣泡消失，會(huì)導(dǎo)致·····························（）A.滴定體積減小B.滴定體積增大C.對(duì)測(cè)定無(wú)影響D.若為標(biāo)定NaOH濃度，會(huì)使標(biāo)定的濃度減小

24、某人對(duì)試樣測(cè)定5次，求得各次測(cè)定值xi與平均值x的偏差d分別:+0.04，－0.02，

3

+0.01，－0.01，+0.06。此計(jì)算結(jié)果是··························································（）A.正確的B.不正確的C.全部結(jié)果正值D.全部結(jié)果負(fù)值

25、偶然誤差正態(tài)分布曲線的兩個(gè)重要參數(shù)是····················································（）

A.確鑿度和縝密度B.F檢驗(yàn)和t檢驗(yàn)C.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差?和總體平均值μD.置信度和可靠性范圍

26、有限次測(cè)量結(jié)果的偶然誤差是聽從·······························································（）

A.正態(tài)分布B.t分布C.高斯分布D.泊松分布27、x%?0.1000(25.00?24.50)?246.47······（）?100算式的有效數(shù)字位數(shù)為

1.000?1000A.2位B.3位C.4位D.5位

28、若已知一組測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的總體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差?，要檢驗(yàn)該組數(shù)據(jù)是否符合正態(tài)分布，則應(yīng)

用····················································································································（）A.t檢驗(yàn)B.F檢驗(yàn)C.Q檢驗(yàn)D.u檢驗(yàn)

29、有兩組分析數(shù)據(jù)，要比較它們的縝密度有無(wú)顯著差異，則應(yīng)用·················（）

A.t檢驗(yàn)B.F檢驗(yàn)C.Q檢驗(yàn)D.u檢驗(yàn)30、衡量樣本平均值的離散程度時(shí)，應(yīng)采用·······················································（）

A.變異系數(shù)B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差C.全距D.平均值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差

31、在置信度為95%時(shí)，測(cè)得Al2O3的平均值的置信區(qū)間為35.21±0.10，其意義是

························································································································（）A.在所測(cè)定的數(shù)據(jù)中有95%的數(shù)據(jù)在此區(qū)間內(nèi)

B.若再進(jìn)行測(cè)定系列數(shù)據(jù)，將有95%落入此區(qū)間C.總體平均值μ落入此區(qū)間的概率為95%D.在此區(qū)間內(nèi)包括總體平均值μ的把握有95%

32、欲將測(cè)定結(jié)果的平均值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值之間進(jìn)行比較，看有無(wú)顯著性差異，則應(yīng)當(dāng)用

4

························································································································（）A.t檢驗(yàn)B.F檢驗(yàn)C.Q檢驗(yàn)D.u檢驗(yàn)

33、欲將兩組測(cè)定結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較，看有無(wú)顯著性差異，則應(yīng)當(dāng)用·····················（）

A.先用t檢驗(yàn)，后用F檢驗(yàn)B.先用F檢驗(yàn)，后用t檢驗(yàn)C.先用Q檢驗(yàn)，后用t檢驗(yàn)D.先用u檢驗(yàn)，再用t檢驗(yàn)

34、將0.0089gBaSO4，其以下?lián)Q算因數(shù)中，表達(dá)應(yīng)為·······································（）

A.0.59B.0.588C.0.5884D.0.58837

35、已知金礦中Au%標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值為12.2g/t，?=0.2g/t。求分析結(jié)果小于11.6g/t的概率。36、對(duì)含鐵試樣進(jìn)行150次分析，已知結(jié)果符合正態(tài)分布N（55.20，0.202），求分析結(jié)

果大于55.60%的最可能出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)。