定語(yǔ)從句AttributiveclauseAttributiveClause/RelativeClause概念在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞（短語(yǔ)）或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞（antecedent)。HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定語(yǔ)從句先行詞引導(dǎo)詞relativepronoun引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose關(guān)系副詞:where﹑when﹑why注意：

1關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中都要 充當(dāng)句子成分。

2當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞之前的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。

3定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞保持一致。

4定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。

5非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞不可以省略并且一定不能用that引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系詞先行詞所指關(guān)系詞在句中作用關(guān)系代詞that人/物主、賓、表which物主、賓、who人主、賓whom人賓whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、賓、表關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)

關(guān)系詞（引導(dǎo)詞）的作用：

1、連接作用把主句和從句連接起來(lái)（可以從句子之間有連詞來(lái)理解）

2、替代作用在從句中代替在它前面 的先行詞

3、成分作用在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分（區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/that__________v.下沉ZhangGuorongisapopstar______diedinthefallinMarch,2003.

who/thatBeijingisthecity_________hasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.____thecity/getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGameswhich/thatYeXinisanurse_______diedinthefightagainstSARS.anurse/dieinthefightagainstSARSwho/that定語(yǔ)從句的分分合合兩句話合成一句話-----合并中了解定語(yǔ)從句（也可以進(jìn)行一個(gè)相逆的過(guò)程，分裂中強(qiáng)化定語(yǔ)從句）{Whichwomanisateacher?Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.關(guān)系代詞的用法：一、由who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。who用作___語(yǔ)，whom用作___語(yǔ)，whose用作___語(yǔ)。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.ThedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisinRoom201.DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?主賓定

DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?→DoyouknowthemanthenameofwhomisWangYu?Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred.→Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhichisred.whose+n=the+n+of+which/whoWhichhouseismine?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouseIknowthedoctor.Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.Iknowthedoctor

whosedaughterstudiesabroad.Haveyouseenmybook?Thebook’scoverisred.Haveyouseenmybook

whosecoverisred.1.Thestudent______fatherworksinthefactoryissittingthere.2.Iliketherooms______windowsfacesouth.3.Thisisthedesk______legswerebroken.whosewhosewhose二、Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。which在從句做__語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞的__語(yǔ)。

Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthe riverisourschool.Thisisthebook(which)youwant.Theroominwhichthereisamachine isaworkshop.主賓

注意：which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikevery much.Shewasawardedagoldmedal,whichthe wholefamilyconsideredagreathonor.Sheisalwayslateforclass,whichmakes theteacherangry.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句一定不能用that引導(dǎo)！三、由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。that在從句中可以指人或物，在從句中做主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.但不能放在____詞后面作賓語(yǔ)。Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy.(×)Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.(√)Thisistheschool(which/that)youwillstudyin.(√)介★注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。⑴先行詞是________________________________________________

Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.

Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth.不定代詞all,few,littkemuch,something,nothing,anything等。當(dāng)先行詞是all,everybody,nobody,anybody等不定代詞時(shí)，如關(guān)系代詞在從句中當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，則優(yōu)先選用who連接主從句。Everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere.⑵先行詞被______________________________所修飾。

ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbe forgotten.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhave everseen.⑶先行詞被_____________________________等修飾。

Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.序數(shù)詞、thelast或形容詞的最高級(jí)all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some⑷先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾。

ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑸先行詞______________。

Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyremembered.既有人又有物時(shí)⑹當(dāng)句中已有who或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?四、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:⑴as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成thesame…as,such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。

Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.⑵as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)。在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。Asisknowntoall,hestudiesveryhard.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.注意：which和as的區(qū)別是：①which不能放在句首，而as則可以；②在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which沒(méi)有。③從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”時(shí)，as只可以作賓語(yǔ)，不可以做主語(yǔ)，而which都可以。1、由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句在修飾一個(gè)表示____的名詞時(shí),常用where引導(dǎo)。Abookofficeisaplacewhereticketsaresold.Where在從句中做_________，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)。Abookofficeisaplaceinwhichticketsaresold.因此定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞where=_____

+_____.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)介詞whichThisisthehousewherehelives.=Thisisthehouse___________helives.=Thisisthehouse___________helivesin.inwhich(which/that)2、定語(yǔ)從句在修飾一個(gè)表示_____的名詞時(shí)，常用when引導(dǎo)。Istillremembertheyearwhenwestudiedtogether.when在從句中_______________，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”Istillremembertheyear____________westudiedintogether.Istillremembertheyearinwhichwestudiedtogether.時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)which/that因此定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞when=______+______介詞which3、由why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。①關(guān)系副詞why的先行詞只有reason,在從句中表示__________。DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?Why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于forwhich.Doyouknowthereason_____________Ileftearly?②但如果關(guān)系詞在從句中不是作狀語(yǔ)，而是作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)仍用that/which.Thereason___________hegaveuswasunacceptable.forwhichthat/which原因狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用。在定語(yǔ)從句中到底選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞要看它們?cè)趶木渲兴洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥?lái)決定，有時(shí)同一個(gè)先行詞往往關(guān)系詞卻不同。1.Thisisthefactory_____________producesTVsets.Thisisthefactory_________myfatheronceworked.2.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.I’llneverforgettheday________hishousewasbrokeninto.which/thatwherewhich/thatwhen3.Isthisthereason______________hetoldyou?Isthisthereason________hewaslateforclass? which/thatwhy限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系密切（刪去影響整個(gè)意思表達(dá)）和先行詞關(guān)系不密切（一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪去不影響全句意思的表達(dá)）不用逗號(hào)隔開一般用逗號(hào)隔開可用關(guān)系代詞that不可用關(guān)系代詞that關(guān)系代詞可省略（但在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）關(guān)系代詞不可以省略只可修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分除修飾先行詞還可以修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分暗示被修飾的先行詞不是唯一的表示被修飾的先行詞是唯一的翻譯時(shí)先翻譯從句在翻譯主句翻譯時(shí)先譯主句再譯從句ExerciseFillintheblacks1.Ihaveafriend__________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.4.Myparentsliveinahouse___________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.who/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhich/that7.Isthereanything_______youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceof______wasveryreasonable.10.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.11.Doyoustillremembertheday_____IfirstcametoBeijing?12.I’mgoingtovisittheschool______mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.thatthatwhichthatwhenwhere13.Theretiringteachermadeaspeech_____whichshethankedtheclassforthegift.14.Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?15.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,______mademeveryhappy.16.______isknown,heissuchabelovedteacher____westudentsallexpected.17.Chinahashundredsofislands,______whichthelargestisTaiwan.18.Heoftenhelpsthestudents____hatwhichAsasofwho19.Hisglasses,_______whichhewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.20.Willthebook______coverisbluebedonatedtotheremoteschool?21.Jimlikestoliveinthehouse___________isontopofagreenhill.22.Jimlikestoliveinthehouse_______hegrewup.23.Jimlikestoliveinthehouse______windowfacesthegreenhill.24.Thereason_____Tomstolethe