上海振華重工（集團）股份有限公司ShanghaiZhenhuaHeavyIndustryCo.,Ltd.超聲”級基礎(chǔ)理論試卷UTLevelIIGeneralExamination姓名：Name得分：Marks答卷時間：Time評卷人：Examiner1. 超聲波探傷中，最常用的換能器應(yīng)用的原理是： (B)A)磁致伸縮原理B)壓電原理C)波型轉(zhuǎn)換原理D)以上都不是Thetransducersmostcommonlyfoundinultrasonicsearchunits(probes)usedfordiscontinuitytestingutilize:A)magnetostrictionprinciplesC)modeconversionprinciplesB)piezoelectricprinciplesD)noneoftheabove2. 下列哪種聲波具有多種不同的波速？ (D)A)縱波B)切變波C)橫波D)蘭姆波Ofthefollowingsoundwavemodes,whichonehasmultipleorvaryingwavevelocities?A)longitudinalwivesB)shearwavesC)transversewivesD)lambwaves3.情況可應(yīng)用超聲技術(shù)進行檢測?A）測量材料厚度D）以上都可以下列哪種（D確定材料彈性模量B）研究材料冶金組織C）Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredapplication(s)ofultrasonictechniques?A)determinationofamaterial'selasticmodulusC)measurementofamaterial'sthicknessB)studyofamaterial'smeallurgicalstructureD)alloftheabove4.可在液體中傳播的唯一聲波是：throughaliquidis:A)切變波B)縱波C)表面波 d)瑞利波throughaliquidis:TheonlysignificantsoundwavemodethatwilltravelA)shear B)longitudinalC)surface D)rayleigh5.材料的聲阻抗用來：5.B）確定材料的聲衰減B）確定材料的聲衰減D）確定材料中聲束擴散角C)確定界面上透過和反射聲能的相對數(shù)量Theacousticimpedanceofamaterialisusedto:determinetheangleofrefractionataninterfacedeterminetheattenuationwithinthematerialdeterminetherelativeamountsofsoundenergycoupledthroughandreflectedataninterfaceD)determinethebeamspreadwithinthematerial.對試樣進行接觸法斜角探傷時，如果入射角達到第二臨界角，會發(fā)生： (C)A)表面波全反射 B)切變波45。折射C)表面波D)以上都不對Whenanglebeamcontacttestingatestpiece,increasingtheincidentangleuntilthesecondcriticalangleisreachedresultsin:A)totalreflectionofasurfacewave B)45°refractionoftheshearwaveC)productionofasurfacewave D)noneoftheabove.接觸法探傷中，靠近入射表面的缺陷并不是總能探測出來的，其原因是： （C）A）遠場效應(yīng) B）衰減C）盲區(qū)D）折射Incontacttesting,defectsneartheentrysurfacecannotalwaysbedetectedbecauseof:A）thefar-fieldeffectB）attenuationC）thedeadzoneD）refraction.換能器頻率與晶片厚度存關(guān)，晶片愈?。?（B）A）頻率愈低B）頻率愈高C）頻率無顯著差別D）以上都不對Thecrystalthicknessandtransducerfrequencyarerelated,thethinnerthecrystal:A）thelowerthefrequency B）thehigherthefrequencyC）thereisnoappreciableaffect D）noneoftheabove.靠近換能器的聲壓波動區(qū)域的長度主要取決于： （D）A）換能器的頻率B）換能器的直徑C）換能器電纜的長度 。）入和8ThelengthoftheZoneadjacenttoatransducerinwhichfluctuationsinsoundpressureoccurismostlyaffectedby:A）thefrequencyofthetransducer B）thediameterofthetransducerC）thelengthoftransducercable D）bothAandB.換能器從埋藏深度不同的相同反射體接收的信號差別可能是由哪種原因引起的？（D）A）材料衰減B）聲束擴散C）近場效應(yīng)D）以上都可能Thedifferencesinsignalsreceivedfromidenticalreflectorsatdifferentmaterialdistancesfromatransducermaybecausedby:A）materialattenuationB）beamdivergenceC）nearfieldeffectsD）alloftheabove.探頭橫向移動時，比探頭尺寸小的缺陷產(chǎn)生的信號振幅發(fā)生起伏的變化。在哪個區(qū)域探傷時可能發(fā)生這種情況？ （B）A）費朗霍夫區(qū)B）近場區(qū)C）斯奈爾區(qū)D）陰影區(qū)Itispossibleforadiscontinuitysmallerthanthetransducertoproduceindicationsoffluctuatingamplitudeasthesearchunitismovedlaterally,iftestingisbeingperformedinthe:A）FraunhoferZ）neB）NearfieldC）SnellfeldD）Shadowzone.液浸探傷時，采用哪種方法可消除探頭近場的影響？ （C）人）提高頻率 B）使用直徑較大的探頭C）采用合適的水距 D）使用聚焦換能器Inimmersiontesting,thenearfieldaffectsofatransducermaybeeliminatedby:A）increasingtransducerfrequency B）useofalargerdiametertransducerC）usinganappropriatewaterpath D）useofafocusedtransducer.圖1中，假定探頭聲束是均勻的，點A和點B分層缺陷反射信號振幅之間存在什么關(guān)系？（C）A）相差12dBB）振幅相同 0二比一口）三比一分層缺陷 LaminarreflectorInFigure1shownbelow,assumingauniformbeampattern,whatrelationshipwouldyouexpecttoexistbetweentheamplitudesofthereflectedlaminarsignalsatpositionAandB?A）12dBdfferenceB）EqualamplitudesC）2t）1D）3to1. 在均勻的超聲波束的遠場中，聲束中心線上的聲強度： （B）A）最低 8）最高C）在2Y角度內(nèi)聲強度最高SinY=C/Df式中C為聲速，D為晶片直徑，f為頻率D)與中心線的方向無關(guān)Inthefarfieldofuniformultrasonicbeam,soundintensityisthebeamcenterlineA)minimuma B)maximumatmaximumthroughouttwicetheangle(SinY=c/Df)whereCisacousticvelocity,Discrystaldiameter,andBisfrequencyatnotrelatedtoorientationof.在細長的棒中，如果由于聲束擴散而使聲束到達底面前在試件側(cè)面發(fā)生反射，會發(fā)生什么情況？(C)一次底面反射前出現(xiàn)許多信號顯示 B)產(chǎn)生多次表面反射信號C)發(fā)生縱波變?yōu)榍凶儾ǖ牟ㄐ娃D(zhuǎn)換 D)前表面反射降低Whichofthefollowingmayresultonalongnarrowrodifthebeamdivergenceresultsinareflectionfromasideofthetestpiecebeforethesoundwavereachesthebacksurface?A)multipleindicationsbeforethefirstbackreflectionindicationsfrommultiplessurfacereflectionsconversionfromthelongitudinalmodetoshearmodelossoffrontsurfaceindications. 聲束在何處發(fā)生擴散？ (B)A)近場B)遠場C)晶片上D)以上都不是Wheredoesbeamdivergenceoccur?A)nearfeldB)farfieldC)athecrystalD)noneoftheabove. 在直徑一定的情況下，當晶片頻率提高時，聲束擴散角將： (A)A)減小B)不變C)增大D)通過每個波長變化Asfrequencyincreaseinultrasonictesting,theangleofbeamdivergenceofagivendiametercrystalA)decreases B)remainsunchangedC)increases D)variesuniformlythrougheachwavelength.頻率超出人耳聽覺范圍的聲波叫做超聲波或超聲振動，其頻率大約高于： (A)A)20000HzB)2MHzC)2KHzD)2(X)KHzSoundwavesofafrequencybeyondthehearingrangeofthehumaneararereferredtoasultrasonicwavesvibrations,andthetermembracesallvibrationwavesoffrequencygreaterthanapproximately:A)2O0)OHzB)WHzC)2KHzD)2(i)KHz.聲波速度主要取決于： (C)A)脈沖長度B)頻率C)傳聲材料和振動方式 D)以上都不是Thevelocityofsoundwavesprimarilydependon:A)thepukebngth B)thefrequencythematerialinwhichthesoundisbeingtransmittedandmodeofvibrationnoneoftheabove.如果一個接觸法斜探頭在鋼中產(chǎn)生45。切變波，該探頭在鋁中產(chǎn)生的切變波角度為(已知Vs鋼=0.323cnV微秒) (A)A)小于45。B)大于45。C)45°D)還需要其它數(shù)據(jù)才能確定Ifacontactanglebeamtransducerproducesa45°shearwaveinsteel,theangleproducedbythesametransducerinanaluminumspecimenwouldbe:A)lesshan45°B)greaterhan45°C)45°D)moreinformationrequired. 位于何處的缺陷對瑞利波影響最大？ (C)A)表面下一個波長處 B)表面下6個波長處C)接近表面或表面上 D)表面下8個波長處Rayleighwavesareinfluencedmostbydefectslocated:A)onewavelengthbelowthesurface B)sixwavelengthsbelowthesurfaceC)closetooronthesurface D)eightwavelengthsbelowthesurface

.鋁或鋼中的聲速之比約為:水中聲速與(A)A)1:4 B)1:2 C)水中聲速與(A)Theratioofthevelocityofsoundinwatercomparedtothatforaluminumorsteelisapproximately:A)1:4 B)1:2 C)1:8 D)1:3. 下列哪種掃描方法可歸類為液浸試驗法？ （D）A）探頭和工件均浸于糟中B）聲波通過噴射的水柱發(fā)射到工件中C）將換能器置于充水輪胎內(nèi)的輪式探頭掃描方法D）以上都是Whichofthefollowingscanningmethodscouldbeclassifiedasanimmersiontypetest?thesearchunitandtextpieceareimmersedinthetanksquirterbubblermethodinwhichthesoundistransmittedinacolumnofflowingwaterscanningwithawheel-typesearchunitwiththetransducerinsidealiquidfilledtireD）alloftheabove. 探頭中壓電材料的作用是： （C）A）將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為機械能 B）將機械能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能 0入和8D）既不是A,也不是BThepiezoelectricmaterialinthesearchunit:convertselectricalenergytomechanicalenergyconvertsmechanicalenergytoelectricalenergyC bothAandBD neitherAnorB.計算金屬中縱波和切變波折射角應(yīng)使用什么定律？ （B）A）泊松比定律B）斯奈爾定律C）費朗霍夫定律 D）查爾斯定律Whatlawcanbeusedtocalculatetheangleofrefractionwithinametalforbothlongitudinalandshearwaves?A）Poisson'sRatioLawB）Snell'sLawC）Fraunhofer'sLawD）Charles】Law.在兩種不同材料的界面上，聲阻抗差會引起： （C）A）入射能量在界面上全部反射 B）聲波被吸收C）聲能分為透過波和反射波兩部分 D）以上都不對Ataninterfacebetweentwodifferentmaterials,animpedancedifferenceresultsin:AreflectionoftheentireincidentenergyattheinterfaceBabsorptionofsoundCdivisionofsoundenergyintotransmittedandreflectedmodesDnoneoftheabove.換能器直徑減小時，聲束擴散角： （C）A）減小B）不變C）增大D）變?yōu)閳A錐形的Astransducerdiameterdecreases,thebeamspread:AdecreasesBremainsthesameCincreasesDbecomesconicalinshape.發(fā)生90。折射縱波的聲束入射角叫做：D）第二臨isreachedisA）入射角B）第一臨界角 C）D）第二臨isreachedislongitudinalsoundwaveTheangleatwhich90°refractionofacalled:longitudinalsoundwaveAtheangleofincidenceC）theangleofmaximumreflectionAtheangleofincidenceC）theangleofmaximumreflectionD）thesecondcriticalangle.金屬零件中的粗大晶粒通常會引起:B）較高的“、雜波〃B）較高的“、雜波〃或噪聲顯示D）以上都是C）穿透力降低LargegrainsinametallictestspecimenusuallyAdecreaseorlossofbacksurfacereflectionCdecreaseinpenetrationresultin:LargegrainsinametallictestspecimenusuallyAdecreaseorlossofbacksurfacereflectionCdecreaseinpenetrationresultin:B）large“hash"ornoiseindicationsD）alloftheabove.在整個材料中發(fā)生的能量的總損耗稱為：A）衰減B）散射C）聲束擴散 D）界面Thetotalenergylossesoccurringinallmaterialsiscalled:A）attenuationB）scatterC）beam甲read D）interface

.當入射角選在第一臨界角和第二臨界角之間時，在零件中發(fā)生的超聲波是：A)縱波B)橫波C)表面波D)蘭姆波Whentheincidentangleischosentobebetweenthefirstandsecondcriticalangles,theultrasonicwavegeneratedwithinthepartwillbe:A)longitudinal B)shear C)surface D)lamb.使橫波折射角等于90。的聲波入射角叫做： (B)A)第一臨界角8)第二臨界角 。第三臨界角D)反射角Theangleatwhich90°refractionoftheshearwavemodeoccursiscalledthe:JA)firstcriticalangle B)secondcriticalangleC)thirdcriticalaigle D)angleofreflection.鋼件水浸探傷時，超聲波入射角為14。，鋼件中的橫波折射角為多大？ (C)(己知Vs=3.2xl05cm/秒，Vw=1.5xl05cm/秒)A)45°B)23° C)31°D)13°Inawaterimmersiontest,ultrasonicenergyistransmittedintosteelatanincidentangleof14°.Whatistheangleoftherefractedshearwavewithinthematerial?A)45° B)23° C)31°D)13°.為了在鋁件中產(chǎn)生瑞利波，設(shè)計塑料楔塊時，超聲入射角應(yīng)為多大？(已知：VA=3.1xlO5cm/

秒，VP=2.6x10'c秒，可使用三角函數(shù)表) (B)A)37°B)57°C)75°D)45°IfyouwererequestedtodesignaplasticshoetogenerateaRayleighwaveinaluminum,whatwouldbetheincidentangleoftheultrasonicsound?Va=3.1xl0/secVP=2.6xlO?/secA)37° B)57° C)75°D)45°.計算1MHZ超聲波在鉛中的波長(已知VL=2.1xl05cm/A,V=Xf) (A)A)0.21cm B)21cm C)0.48cm D)4.8x10-5cmComputethewavelengthofultrasonicenergyinleadatIMHz(VL=2.1x105cin/sec,V=Xf)A)0.21cm B)21cm C)0.48cm D)4.8x10-5cm36.超聲波從一36.種介質(zhì)進入速度不同的另一種介質(zhì)后，聲束與過入射點而垂直于兩種介質(zhì)界面的垂線之間所成(B)的角叫做：(B)^入射角B）折射角C）膨脹角D）反射角Theangleformedbyanultrasonicwaveasitentersamediumofdifferentvelocitythantheonefromwhichitcameandalinedrawnperpendiculartotheinterfacebetweenthetwomediaiscalled:A)theangleofincidenceC)theangleofrarefactionA)theangleofincidenceC)theangleofrarefactionB)theangleofrefractionD)theangleofreflection37.同種波型的聲波，反射角：A)37.同種波型的聲波，反射角：A)等于入射角C)取決于使用的頻率Theangleofreflectionis:A)equaltotheangleofincidencedependentonthefrequencyusedB）取決于使用的耦合劑D）等于折射角dependentonthecouplantusedD)equaltotheangleofrefractionC）超聲波D）脈沖.持續(xù)時間很短的沖擊電能叫做:A）連續(xù)波C）超聲波D）脈沖Ashortburstofalternationelectricalenergyis called:A)acontinuouswive B)apeakedDCvoltage超聲試驗中，發(fā)（超聲試驗中，發(fā)（A）.射脈沖的持續(xù)時間叫做：A)脈沖長度或脈沖寬度 B)脈沖振幅 C)脈沖形狀D)以上都不是Inultrasonictesting,thetimedurationofthetransmittedisreferredtoas:A)thepulselengthorpulsewidth B)thepulseamplitudeC)thepulseshape D)noneoftheabove

.聲波碰到界面時在原介質(zhì)中改變傳播方向的現(xiàn)象叫做： （D）A）發(fā)散B）阻抗C）角度調(diào)整 D）反射Thephenomenonbywhichawavestrikesaboundaryandchangesthedirectionofitspropagationwithinthesamemediumisreferredtoas:A）divergenceB）impedanceC）angulationD）reflection.在頻率一定和材料相同的情況下，下列哪種波的波長最短？ （D）A）縱波B）壓縮波C）切變波D）表面波Whichofthefollowingmodesofvibrationexhibitstheshortestwavelengthatagivenfrequencyandinagivenmaterial?A）longitudinalwiveB）compressionwaveC）shearwiveD）surfacewave.一般說來，在頻率一定和材料相同的情況下，切變波對小缺陷的靈敏度比縱波高。這是因為：（A）A）切變波的波長比縱波波長短 B）切變波在材料中不易發(fā)生頻散C）切變波的質(zhì)點振動方|何對缺陷比較敏感 D）切變波的波長比縱波波長長Ingeneral,shearwavesaremoresensitivetosmalldiscontinuitiesthanlongitudinalwavesforagivenfrequencyandinagivenmaterialbecause:thewavelengthofshearwavesisshorterthanthewavelengthoflongitudinalwaves.shearwavesarenotaseasilydispersedinthematerial.thedirectionofparticlevibrationforshearwavesismoresensitivetodiscontinuities.thewavelengthofshearwavesislongerthanthewavelengthoflongitudinalwaves..在頻率相同的情況下，下列哪種波在粗晶材料中的穿透力最大？ （A）A）縱波B）切變波C）橫波D）以上波都相同Ingeneral,whichofthefollowingmodesofvibrationwouldhavethegreatestpenetratingpowerinacoarse-grainedmaterialifthefrequencyofthewavesarethesame?A）longitudinalB）shearC）transverseD）alloftheabovemodeswouldhavethesamepenetratingpower.使晶片平行于被檢材料表面，聲束垂直于材料表面進入材料的探傷方法叫做： （A）A）垂直探傷 B）斜角探傷 C）表面波探傷D）以上都不是Atestingtechniqueinwhichthecrystalortransducerisparalleltothetestsurfaceandultrasinicwavesenterthematerialbeingtestinginadirectionperpendiculartothetestsurfaceis:AstraightbeamtestingBanglebeamtestingCsurfacewavetestingDnoneoftheabove（D）八sin0.sin0（D）.公式一一=——稱為V Vvi v2A）聲阻抗比公式A）聲阻抗比公式B）相位轉(zhuǎn)換公式C）菲涅爾區(qū)公式D）斯奈爾定律thephaseconversionformulasnelfslawTheformulasin。\/V|二sin。2/V?isreferredtoas:thephasecon