/09/9/SectionⅡUsinglanguage（非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語）情境創(chuàng)設(shè)·語法精講教材鏈接1.（教材P65）…Isawthegroundsofantasticallycarpeted.2.（教材P65）…wakeuptofindyourselfinanotherquitedifferent,…3.（教材P65）Icanseethechildrenflatteningtheirnosesagainstthewindow,…4.（教材P65）TheLakePoetswereasmallgroupofpoetslivingintheLakeDistrictofEnglandinthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.5.（教材P65）TheLakeDistrict,knownforitsbeauty,isinthenorth-westofEngland.觀察上面句子,并分別寫出每句中加黑部分所作的成分：1.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。2.動(dòng)詞不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語。3.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。4.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。5.過去分詞短語作定語。要點(diǎn)精析非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語1.-ing形式作狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語作狀語-ing形式用法例句doing表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,可以表示原因、條件、伴隨等。作結(jié)果狀語時(shí),表示順理成章的結(jié)果。Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoturntoapolicemanforhelp.發(fā)現(xiàn)她的車被偷了,她匆忙向警察求助。Herantofast,fallingdowntotheground.他跑得太快了,結(jié)果摔倒在地上。havingdone表示主動(dòng),該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子/主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。Nothavingreceivedanyreply,hedecidedtowriteagain.沒有收到任何回復(fù),他決定再寫一封信。HavingrealizedthatIcoulduseakitetoattractlightning,Idecidedtodoanexperiment.意識到我可以用風(fēng)箏來吸引閃電,我決定做個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。havingbeendone表示被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作。Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.與其他大陸分離達(dá)數(shù)百萬年,澳大利亞有許多未在世界上任何其他國家發(fā)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)植物。作定語doing表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行,如果是-ing短語,要置于所修飾的名詞之后。ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepicturesforminginyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.閱讀是與看電視非常不同的體驗(yàn);圖像在大腦中形成而不是在眼前。beingdone作后置定語,表示被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Thequestionbeingdiscussedatthemeetingnowisveryimportant.現(xiàn)在會(huì)議上正在被討論的問題很重要。作補(bǔ)語doing表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如果是被動(dòng)語態(tài),那么,賓語補(bǔ)足語就變成主語補(bǔ)足語。Icanseesomekidsplayingintheplayground.我可以看到一些孩子在操場上玩耍。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Theboywhowascaughtcheatingintheexamwillbepunished.考試作弊被抓的男生將受到懲罰。（主語補(bǔ)足語）注意：英語中有些動(dòng)詞既可以用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語也可以用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,但表達(dá)的意義有所不同。如seesb.dosth.（看到某人做了某事,表示看到事情的全過程）和seesb.doingsth.（看到某人正在做某事,表示看到的是正在發(fā)生的事情）。常見的用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：feel,hear,notice,see,watch,observe。2.過去分詞作狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語作狀語用法例句過去分詞作狀語,表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,相當(dāng)于狀語從句,可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等,可以轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.→Ifitisseenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.（如果）從山上看,城市顯得更加美麗。狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成“連詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.當(dāng)你做體檢時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。Iwon’tgotothepartyunlessinvited.我不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的,除非受到邀請。作定語過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)或完成,相當(dāng)于省略了“which/that+be”的定語從句。過去分詞用作定語,如果是單個(gè)詞,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.卡車與公共汽車皆燒煤氣,煤氣裝在車頂上的大袋中。作補(bǔ)語作表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)。如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。表示“使;讓”的動(dòng)詞后常接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。如:have,get,keep,leave等。I’llhavemyhaircuttomorow.明天我要理發(fā)。Hegothistoothpuledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。Don’tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。makeoneself后接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示“使自己被……”。Hespokeinaloudervoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他更大聲地講話,以便讓別人聽到。3.不定式作狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語作狀語用法例句不定式作狀語可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因語等。不定式作目的狀語,常常置于句首,如果置于句尾,不定式前面常常沒有逗號。Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhapen.我留在那里看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。（目的狀語）Ireturnedhomethatdaytofindthateverythingwasbeingingoodorder.那天我回到家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都那么井井有條。（結(jié)果狀語,表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。）Iamsorrytohearthat.聽到那件事我很難過。（原因狀語）作定語往往表示要做的事情。Hehasnothingtodo.他無事可做。Wereachedanagreementtodotheworktogether.我們達(dá)成協(xié)議共同做這項(xiàng)工作。Theymadeaplantodevelopnewproducts.他們制訂了一個(gè)研制新產(chǎn)品的計(jì)劃。作補(bǔ)語常見的用帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動(dòng)詞有:alow,ask,beg,cause,forbid,force,get,invite,persuade,request,teach,tell,remind,want,warn,wish,advise,encourage等。Wedon’tallowthemtotakeawayanybooksfromourlibrary.我們不允許他們帶走我們圖書館的任何書。Finallywepersuadedthemtostaywithus.最后我們說服他們和我們一起留下來。常見的用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:fell,hear,have,let,make,notice,see,watch,listento等。注意:在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中,用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,動(dòng)詞不定式符號to要還原,動(dòng)詞不定式轉(zhuǎn)而作主語補(bǔ)足語。Someonewasheardtoopenthedoor.聽見有人開門。（作主語補(bǔ)足語）實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Hesaidthatmanywordsdescribing（describe）naturewerebeingaddedtothenewversionofthejuniordictionary.2.Thesalvage,waspiled（pile）uponthepier.3.Yetthegrowthofbusinessandindustryalsowidenedthegulfbetweentherichandthepoor,giving（give）risetoreformmovements.4.Iheardhimsinging（sing）inthenextroom.5.Americanmillionaires’roomswerefilledwithartworksimported（import）fromEurope.Ⅱ.語法填空1.Iwaslookingforwardto1.visiting（visit）theTateGalleryofBritishArtinLondon.Idecided2.togo（go）therelastSaturday.Myfriendagreed3.tocome（come）withme.Weplanned4.tospend（spend）thewholedaythere.Weplanned5.tomeet（meet）at9am.Myfriendpromised6.tobe（be）thereontime.However,myfriendhates7.getting（get）upearlyandhearrivedanhourlate.AfterhalfanhourIgottiredof8.waiting（wait）forhimandIvisiteditalone.新知清障·素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建核心詞匯1.fadev.逐漸消失;褪色I(xiàn)tcomeswhenweremembernothingbutclearskies,greenfields,andsweet-smellingflowers-whenthememoryofsnow,andice,andbleakwinds,hasfadedfromourmindsascompletelyastheyhavedisappearedfromtheearth-andyetwhatapleasanttimeitis!（教材P66）當(dāng)我們只記得晴朗的天空、綠色的田野和芳香的花朵時(shí),當(dāng)冰雪和寒風(fēng)的記憶完全從我們的腦海中消失,就像它們從地球上消失一樣,它（八月）就會(huì)到來——然而這是多么令人愉快的時(shí)光啊!典例翻譯①Effectoftheinternationalfinancialcrisisisfadingaway.國際金融危機(jī)的影響正逐漸減弱。②Hesawthemonitorblackoutandafewwordsfadedin.他看見屏幕變暗,漸漸顯示出了幾個(gè)字。③Fadeoutthemusicattheendofthescene.在場景的末尾把音樂減弱。歸納拓展（1）逐漸消失;（人）衰弱;病重死亡fadeaway（2）（畫面）淡入,漸顯;（聲音）漸強(qiáng)fadein（3）（畫面）淡出,漸隱;（聲音）漸弱fadeout學(xué)以致用（1）單句填空①Theoldmanbecameillandslowlyfadedaway.（2）單句寫作②太陽把窗簾曬得褪了色。Thesunhadfadedthecurtains.2.sweepv.掃過,掠過…thewheat,piledingracefulsheaves,orwavingineverygentlewindthatsweepsaboveit,tingesthelandscapewithagoldencolour.（教材P66）……一捆捆優(yōu)雅地堆在一起的小麥,或迎著枝頭掠過的微風(fēng)搖擺的小麥,給大地染上了金黃的色彩。典例翻譯①Ahugewavesweptoverthedeck.一股巨浪從甲板上卷了過去。②Theyweresweptalong/awaybytheforceoftheiremotions.他們受感情的威力所驅(qū)使。③Theysaytheywillsweepawaytheadministrationandintroducenewmethods.他們說要取消那種行政管理而采用新方法。歸納拓展（1）將某物清除sweepsth.away（2）使某人醉心;驅(qū)使某人專注sweepsb.along/away（3）突然襲來sweepover（4）sweepsth.aside對……置之不理;不理會(huì);全然無視sweepinto闊步進(jìn)入;大模大樣地走入sweepsth.out打掃干凈,清掃干凈（房間等）學(xué)以致用（1）單句填空①Theysweptintothehall,lookingforwardtoknowingwhatwasgoingon.②Adeadlyfearsweptoverhim.（2）單句寫作③學(xué)生們正在打掃教室地面。Thestudentsaresweepingtheflooroftheclassroom.3.hangover籠罩;使……憂慮Asoft,pleasantlightappearstohangoverthewholeearth…（教材P66）一道柔和的、令人愉快的光似乎籠罩著整個(gè)地球……典例翻譯①Ifyoucontinuetohangoutwiththatgroupofbadboys,you’llfailinyourexams.如果你繼續(xù)和那群壞孩子閑逛,你考試會(huì)不及格的。②Pleasehangonasecond;I’lllookforthemanagerandtellhimyouareonthephoneforhim.請不要掛電話,我去找經(jīng)理并告訴他你正打電話等著他。③Thedog’stonguewashangingout.狗的舌頭耷拉在外面。④Thepossibilityofacourtcaseisstillhangingoverher.可能被告上法庭的陰影依然籠罩在她的心頭。歸納拓展（1）（在逆境中）堅(jiān)持;握住不放;不掛斷hangon（2）閑逛;耷拉在外面hangout（3）hangtogether相符,一致;同心協(xié)力hangontosth.緊緊抓住某物易混辨析hang可表示兩種意思：一作“絞死;吊死”,規(guī)則變化;二作“懸掛”,不規(guī)則變化,過去式和過去分詞都是hung。學(xué)以致用（1）用hang短語的正確形式填空①Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontoh