大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練

(0818——0904)

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0818)

Passage1

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothe

studyofthesea”.Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterest

intheseawerefewandfarbetween.

CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhis

writings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearly

intercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,there

waslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutitJetalonetoaskwhatlay

beneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion“whatisatthebottom

oftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequence

waswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawas

proposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofileoftherouteto

estimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompany

turned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhad

beenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingswere

takentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.

Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThe

PhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmade

permanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenit

wastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,a

factwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifein

thedeeperpartsofthesea.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonleda

scientificexpedition,whichlastedfouryearsandbroughthome

thousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysis

occupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelast

volumebeingpublishedin1895.

1、TheproposaltolayatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericamade

oceanographicstudiestakeonC.

A)anacademicaspectB)amilitaryaspect

C)abusinessaspectD)aninternationalaspect

2、ItwasDthataskedMauryforhelpin

oceanographicstudies.

A)theAmericanNavyB)someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

C)thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

D)thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

3、TheaimofthevoyagesMaurywasresponsibleforinthe1840

wasD

A)tomakesomesoundingexperimentsintheoceans

B)tocollectsampleofseaplantsandanimals

C)toestimatethelengthofcablethatwasneeded

D)tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans

4、“Defied“inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans

A)doubtedB)gaveprooftoC)challengedD)agreedto

5、ThispassageismainlyaboutA

A)thebeginningsofoceanographyB)thelayingofthefirstundersea

cable

B)theinvestigationofoceandepthsD)theearlyintercontinental

communications

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0819)

Passage2

Normallyastudentmustattendacertainnumberofcoursesinorderto

graduate,andeachcoursewhichheattendsgiveshimacreditwhichhe

maycounttowardsadegree,InmanyAmericanuniversitiesthetotal

workforadegreeconsistsofthirty-sixcourseseachlastingforone

semester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteen

weeks;whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfouror

fivecoursesduringeachsemester.Normallyastudent.Wouldexpectto

takefouryearsattendingtwosemesterseachyear.Itispossibletospread

theperiodofworkforthedegreeoveralongerperiod.Itisalsopossible

forastudenttomovebetweenoneuniversityandanotherduringhis

degreecourse,thoughthisisnotinfactdoneasaregularpractice.

Forverycoursethatthefollowsastudentisgivenagrade,whichis

recorded,andtherecordisavailableforthestudenttoshowto

prospectiveemployers.Allthisimposesaconstantpressureandstrainof

work,butinspiteofthissomestudentsstillfindtimeforgreatactivityin

studentaffairs.Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarouse

muchenthusiasm.Theeffectiveworkofmaintainingdisciplineisusually

performedbystudentswhoadvisetheacademicauthorities.Anystudent

whoisthoughttohavebrokentherules,forexample,bycheatinghisto

appearbeforeastudentcourt.Withtheenormousnumbersofstudents,

theoperationofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.A

studentwhohasheldoneofthesepositionsofauthorityismuch

respectedanditwillbeofbenefittohimlaterinhiscareer.

6、NormallyastudentwouldatleastattendBclasses

eachweek.

A)36B)12020D)15

7、AccordingtothefirstparagraphanAmericanstudentis

allowedB

A)toliveinadifferentuniversity

B)totakeaparticularcourseinadifferentuniversity

C)toliveahomeanddrivetoclasses

D)togettwodegreesfromtwodifferentuniversities

8、Americauniversitystudentsareusuallyunderpressureofwork

becauseA

A)theiracademicperformancewillaffecttheirfuturecareers

B)theyareheavilyinvolvedinstudentaffairs

C)theyhavetoobserveuniversitydiscipline

D)theywanttorunforpositionsofauthority

9、Somestudentsareenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizations

probablybecauseC—

A)theyhatetheconstantpressureandstrainoftheirstudy

B)theywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversity

C)suchpositionshelpthemgetbetterjobs

D)suchpositionsareusuallywellpaid

10^ThestudentorganizationsseemtobeeffectiveinB

A)dealingwiththeacademicaffairsoftheuniversity

B)ensuringthatthestudentsobserveuniversityregulations

C)evaluatingstudents?performancebybringingthembeforeacourt

D)keepingupthestudents'enthusiasmforsocialactivities

大學(xué)英語四級閱讀材料每日一練(0820)

Passage3

Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningsodifficultthatit'spainful?This

mightbecalledlaziness,butDr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehas

provedthateveryonehasadailyenergycycle.

Duringthehourswhenyoulabourthroughyourworkyoumaysaythat

you5re"hot”.That'strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticis

whenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatitspeak.Forsomepeoplethe

peakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothersitcomesintheafternoonor

evening.Noonehasdiscoveredwhythisisso,butitleadstosuch

familiarmonologuesas:"Getup,John!You111belateforworkagain!”

ThepossibleexplanationtothetroubleisthatJohnisathis

temperature-and-energypeakintheevening.Muchfamilyquarrelling

endswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,

andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.

Youcan'tchangeyourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyoulifefit

itbetter.Habitcanhelp,Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou'resleepyin

theeveningbutfeelyoumuststayuplateanyway.Counteractyourcycle

tosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyour

energyislowinthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyin

theday,risebeforeyourusualhour.Thiswon'tchangeyourcycle,but

you'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.

Getofftoaslowstartwhichsavesyourenergy.Getupwithaleisurely

yawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyour

feetonthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesby

layingthemoutthenightbefore.Wheneverpossible,doroutineworkin

theafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationfor

yoursharperhours.

11.Ifapersonfindsgettingupearlyaproblem,most

probablyD

A)heisalazypersonB)herefusestofollowhisownenergycycle

C)heisnotsurewhenhisenergyislowD)heisathispeakinthe

afternoonorevening

Cl2.Whichofthefollowingmayleadtofamilyquarrelsaccordingtothe

passage?

A)Unawarenessofenergycycles.B)Familiarmonologues

C)Achangeinafamilymember'senergycycle

D)Attemptstocontroltheenergycycleofotherfamilymembers

13.1fonewantstoworkmoreefficientlyathishowpointinthemorning,

heshouldC

A)changehisenergycycleB)overcomehislaziness

C)getupearlierthanusualD)gotobedearlier

14.Youareadvisedtorisewithayawnandstretchbecauseit

willA

A)helptokeepyourenergyfortheday'swork

B)helpyoutocontrolyourtemperearlyintheday

C)enableyoutoconcentrateonyourroutinework

D)keepyourenergycycleundercontrolallday

Bl5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A)Gettingofftoworkwithaminimumefforthelpssaveone'senergy

B)Dr.Kletmanexplainswhypeoplereachtheirpeaksatdifferenthoursof

day.

C)Habithelpsapersonadapttohisownenergycycle

D)Childrenhaveenergycycles,too.

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0821)

Passage4

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackby重，點(diǎn)mixed-ability

teachingOnthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceare

enriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.

Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferent

rates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-bright

child.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetop

grade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheir

intellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.We

areconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjust

theiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,

andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsof

learning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkin

groups:thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntoco-operate,toshare,

andtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewith

personalproblemaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,to

analyseandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearn

fromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividual

tasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalso

havesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourage

ourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedin

ordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork:it

doesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheir

best,nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthis

goal.

16.Inthepassagetheauthor'sattitudetowards''mixed-abilityteaching^^

isC_D沒有理解mixed-abilityteaching的意思

A)criticalB)questioningC)approvingD)objective

17.By"heldback”(Line1)theauthormeans"D"

A)madetoremaininthesameclassesB)forcedtostudyinthelower

classes

C)drawn吸,jItotheirstudiesD)preventedfromadvancing

18.Theauthorarguesthatateacher'schiefconcernshouldbethe

developmentofthestudents_B_

A)personalqualitiesandsocialskillsB)totalpersonality

C)learningabilityandcommunicativeskillsD)intellectualability

B19.WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthethird

paragraph?

A)Groupworkgivespupilstheopportunitytolearntoworktogether

withothers

B)Pupilsalsolearntodeveloptheirreasoningabilities

C)Groupworkprovidespupilswiththeopportunitytolearntobe

capableorganizers.

D)Pupilsalsolearnhowtoparticipateinteachingactivities.

AB20.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto

A)argueforteachingbrightandnot-soObrightpupilsinthesameclass

B)recommendpairworkandgroupworkforclassroomactivities

C)offeradviceontheproperuseofthelibrary

D)emphasizetheimportanceofappropriateformalclassroomteaching

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0822)

Passage5

NursingatBethIsraelHospitalproducesthebestpatientcarepossible.If

wearetosolvethenursingshortage,hospitaladministrationanddoctors

everywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsraeFsexample.

AtBethIsraeleachpatientisassignedtoaprimarynursewhovisitsat

lengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull-scalehealthaccountthat

coverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohisemotionalstate.Then

shewritesacareplancenteredonthepatient'sillnessbutwhichalso

includeseverythingelsethatisnecessary.

Theprimarynursestayswiththepatientthroughhishospitalization,

keepingtrackwithhisprogressandseekingfurtheradvicefromhis

doctor.IfapatientatBethIsraelisnotrespondingtotreatment,itisnot

uncommonforhisnursetoproposeanotherapproachtohisdoctor.What

thedoctoratBethIsraelhasintheprimarynurseisatruecolleague.

NursingatBethIsraelalsoinvolvesadecentralized（分散的）nursing

administration;everyfloor,everyunitisaself-containedorganization.

Therearenurse-managersinsteadofheadnurses;inadditiontotheir

medicaldutiestheydoalltheirownhiringanddismissing,employee

advising,andtheymakesalaryrecommendations.Eachunit'snurses

decideamongthemselveswhowillworkwhatshiftsandwhen.

BethIsraeFsnurse-in-chiefranksasanequalwithothervicepresidentsof

thehospital.ShealsoisamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommittee,

whichinmosthospitalsincludesonlydoctors.

21.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizedthemainfeatureofthe

nursingsystematBethIsraelHospital?

A)Thedoctorgetsmoreactiveprofessionalsupportfromtheprimary

nurse

B)Eachpatientistakencareofbyaprimarynursedayandnight

C)Theprimarynursewritescareplansforeverypatient

D)TheprimarynursekeepsrecordsofthepatientJshealthconditions

everyday.

22.Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat

A)comparedwithotherhospitalsnursesatBethIsraelHospitalaremore

patient

B)inmosthospitalspatientcareisinadequatefromtheprofessional

pointofview

C)inmosthospitalsnursesgetlowsalaries.

D)comparedwithotherhospitalsnurseshavetoworklongerhoursat

BethIsraelHospital

23.Aprimarynursecanproposeadifferentapproachoftreatment

when

A)thepresentoneisrefusedbythepatient

B)thepatientcomplainsaboutthepresentone

C)thepresentoneprovestobeineffective

D)thepatientisfoundunwillingtocooperate

24.Themaindifferencebetweenanurse-managerandaheadnurseisthat

theformer

A)isamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommitteeofthehospital

B)hastoarrangetheworkshiftsoftheunit'snurses

C)canmakedecisionsconcerningthemedicaltreatmentofapatient

D)hasfullresponsibilityintheadministrationoftheunit?snurses.

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthenursingsystematBethIsrael

Hospitalis__________

A)negativeB)neutralC)criticalD)positive

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0823)

Passage6

Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andother

creatures-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”；and

thereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidely

believedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobe

directlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological(生理的)”drives“asthirstor

hunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkor

somesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.

Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthat

produceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessful

outcome.

Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”

thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,such

asturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababy.

Whohadhadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoon

makingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebeganto

studythechildren'sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.

Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearnto

turntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement''switchedon“adisplay

oflights-andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplex

turnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreven

tomakeasthreeturnstooneside.

Papousek'slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhe

madetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnback

towatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble^^when

thedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatiswasnotprimarilythe

sightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccesstheywere

achievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthere

existsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringit

underintentionalcontrol.

26.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich

A)aredirectlyrelatedtopleasureB)willmeettheirphysicalneeds

C)willbringthemafeelingofsuccessD)willsatisfytheircuriosity

27.papouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy

A)wouldmakelearnedresponseswhenitsawthemilk

B)wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink

C)wouldcontinuethesimplemovementswhenithadenoughtodrink

D)wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink

28.Inpapousek5sexperimentbabiesmakelearnedmovementsofthe

headinorderto

A)havethelightsturnedonB)pleasetheirparents

C)berewardedwithmilkD)bepraised

29.Thebabieswould"smileandbubble"atthelights

because-

A)thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic“drives”

B)thesightofthelightswasinteresting

C)theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelights

D)theysucceededin''switchingon“thelights

30.AccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachieving

somethingisareflectionof

A)abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworld

B)thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneeds

C)theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblems

D)afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskills

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0824)

Passage7

Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsome

otherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturerJsclaimforit,thefirst

stepistopresentthewarranty(保單),oramyotherrecordswhichmight

help,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduce

results.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumer

mayusetogainsatisfaction.

Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplain

directlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the“higherup”theconsumer

takeshisorhercomplaint,thefastertheorshecanexpectittobesettled.

Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavour,assuminghe

orshehasajustclaim.

Consumersshouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butitthey

connotgettotheplaceofpurchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethe

complaintinaletter.

Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,

andespeciallywhentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwith

theiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceed

bestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthan

bymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,“Theleftspeakerdoesnot

workatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightoneisunclear“isbetter

than"Thisstereo(立體聲音響)doesnotwork,,

Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.

Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintasfirmlyas

possible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesiredresult,the

consumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellerto

courtorreportthesellertoaprivateororganizationresponsiblefor

protectingconsumers,rights.

31.Whenaconsummerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirst

thingheshoulddoisto_

A)complainpersonallytothemanagerB)threatentotakethematterto

court

C)writeafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchase

D)showsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore

32.Ifaconsumerwantsaquicksettlementofhisproblem,it'sbetterto

complainto

A)ashopassistantB)astoremanager

C)themanufacturerD)apublicorganization

33.Themosteffectivecomplaintcanbemadeby

A)showingthefaultyitemtothemanufacturer

B)explainingexactlywhatiswrongwiththeitem

C)sayingfirmlythattheitemisofpoorquality

D)askingpolitelytochangetheitem

34.Thephrase“l(fā)iveupto”(Line2Para.1)inthecontextmeans

A)meetthestandardofB)realizethepurposeof

C)fulfilthedemandsofD)keepthepromiseof

35.Thepassagetellsus

A)howtosettleaconsumer'scomplaintaboutafaultyitem

B)howtomakeaneffectivecomplaintaboutafaultyitem

C)howtoavoidbuyingafaultyitem

D)howtodealwithcomplaintsfromcustomers

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0825)

Passage8

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyear,theyhaveonlythemselvesto

blame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicin

clothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythe

designersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafew

timeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyou

cometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofa

wardrobe（衣柜）packedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehas

nothingtowear.

Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.

Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthat

havehardlybeenworn.Womenwhoconnotaffordtothrowaway

clothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressesthey

have.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;necklinesareloweredorraised,

andsoon.

Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreally

importanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvital

thingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability（耐用）.Theyareonly

interestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthat

womenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylook

right.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn'tatsometimeinhislifesmile

atthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,or

delicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,the

conclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashions

ofwomen'sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancy

andinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedby

fashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasic

qualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.

36.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney

A)bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry

B)becausetheyarecapableofpredictingnewfashions

C)byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen'sclothing

D)becausetheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen'sclothing

37.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenaltertheirold-fashioneddressesis

seenas______

A)awasteofmoneyB)awasteoftime

C)anexpressionoftasteD)anexpressionofcreativity

38.Thewriterwouldbelesscriticaliffashiondesignersplacedmore

stressontheofclothing

A)costB)appearanceC)comfortD)suitability

39.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsis

TRUE?

A)Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitation

ofwomen

B)Theconstantchangesinwomen'sclothingreflecttheirstrengthof

character

C)Thefashionindustrymakeanimportantcontributiontosociety

D)Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonly

welcomedbywomen.

40.Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious^^(lines1-2,

Para.4)thewritermeansthat_

A)women'sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat

B)womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort

C)menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners

D)menaremorestableandreliableincharacter

大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀材料每日一練(0826)

Passage9

Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirm

somerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsareprophetic

(預(yù)言的)becauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectoffailtonotice

themanythathavenot.

Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenI'minthe

shower.^^Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstand

outandberemembered.Ifitdoesn'tringwhileyouareintheshower,the

eventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn'tring,thatnonevent

probablywon'tevenregister(留下印象)

Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,for

example,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,plane

crashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.^^Suchbeliefsstemfromthe

tendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimethatcounts

astheir''happeningtogether^^isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurina

year,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuch

beliefs.

Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeople

thinkstheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilled

behindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthe

reasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworkto

ouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchellingexplains,''Everybody

rankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweightto

care,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegive

weighttocourtesy."Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.

Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautious

(謹(jǐn)慎的)indrawingconclusions.The“evidence“ofeverydaylifeis

sometimesmisleading.

41.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat

A)dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecome

true

B)dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue

C)dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered

D)dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated

42.By“thingslike...^^“happeninthrees"(Para.3,Line2),theauthor

indicatesthatpeoplebelieve

A)personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen

B)personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappen

together

C)misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns

D)misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhis

lifetime

43.Theword"courtesy”(Para.4,Line6)probablymeans-

A)goodmannersB)