近年高考題

2013年7月14日星期日

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

25.—Frnlookingforanearbyplaceformyholiday.Anygoodideas?

—HowabouttheMoonLake?Itiseasyreachofthecity.

A.byB.beyondC.withinD.from

26.Thosewhosmokeheavilyshouldremindofhealth,thebadsmelland

thefeelingsofotherpeople.

A.theirsB.themC.themselvesD.oneself

27.Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn'tenterthehouse,forhe

hiskeyatschool.

A.hadleftB.wouldleaveC.wasleavingD.hasleft

28.It'saclock,madeofbrassanddatingfromthenineteenthcentury.

A.charmingFrenchsmallB.Frenchsmallcharming

C.smallFrenchcharmingD.charmingsmallFrench

29.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhotomakedecisionsabout

schoolaffairs.

A.hadbeenelectedB.hadelected

C.havebeenelectedD.haveelected

30.Theypromisedtodevelopasoftwarepackagebytheendofthisyear,

theymighthave.

A.howeverdifficultB.howdifficult

C.whateverdifficultyD.whatdifficulty

31.Thejudgesgavenohintofwhattheythought,soIlefttheroomreally.

A.tobeworriedB.toworryC.havingworriedD.worried

32.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunitysocietyfor

real-lifeexperience.

A.exploreB.toexploreC.exploringD.explored

33.Ihavenoideathecellphoneisn'tworking,socouldyoufixitforme?

A.whatB.whyC.ifD.which

34.Youngpeoplemayriskdeafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusic

everyday.

A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

35.Sophiagotane-mailhercreditcardaccountnumber.

A.askingforB.askforC.askedforD.having

askedfor

36.IcannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoiseIam

sitting.

A.beforeB.untilC.unlessD.where

37.atthephotos,illustrations,titleandheadingsandyoucanguess

whatthereadingisabout.

A.TolookB.LookingC.HavinglookedD.Look

38.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea

interactwithoneanother.

A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what

39.Amongthecrisesthatfacehumansthelackofnaturalresources.

A.isB.areC.isthereD.arethere

40.Somepeoplecaremuchabouttheirappearanceandalwaysaskiftheylook

fineintheyare

wearing.

A.thatB.whatC.howD.which

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Each

wordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.restoreB.recallC.processingD.previouslyE.necessary

F.locatingG.insteadH.fascinatingI.elsewhereJ.composition

Asinfants,wecanrecognizeourmotherswithinhoursofbirth.Infact,wecan

recognizethe41ofourmother'sfacewellbeforewecanrecognizeherbody

shape.It's42howthebraincancarryoutsuchafunctionatsuchayoung

age,especiallysincewedon'tlearntowalkandtalkuntilweareoverayearold.

Bythetimeweareadults,wehavetheabilitytodistinguisharound100,000faces.

Howcanweremembersomanyfaceswhenmanyofusfinditdifficultto43

suchasimplethingasaphonenumber?Theexactprocessisnotyetfully

understood,butresearcharoundtheworldhasbeguntodefinethespecificareas

ofthebrainandprocesses44forfacialrecognition.

ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologybelievethatthey

havesucceededin45aspecificareaofthebraincalledthefusiformfacearea

(FFA),whichisusedonlyforfacialrecognition.Thismeansthatrecognitionof

familiarobjectssuchasourclothesorcars,isfrom46inthebrain.

Researchersalsohavefoundthatthebrainneedstoseethewholefacefor

recognitiontotakeplace.Ithadbeen47thoughtthatweonlyneededtosee

certainfacialfeatures.Meanwhile,researchatUniversityCollegeLondonhas

foundthatfacialrecognitionisnotasingleprocess,but48involvesthree

steps.Thefirststepappearstobeananalysisofthephysicalfeaturesofa

person'sface,whichissimilartohowwescanthebarcodesofourgroceries.In

thenextstep,thebraindecideswhetherthefacewearelookingatisalready

knownorunknowntous.Andfinally,thebrainfurnishestheinformationwehave

collectedaboutthepersonwhosefacewearelookingat.Thiscomplex49is

doneinasplitsecondsothatwecanbehavequicklywhenreactingtocertain

situations.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsor

phrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethat

bestfitsthecontext.

Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,

increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.

Thequestionis：Iseconomicglobalization50forall?

AccordingtotheWorldBank,oneofitschiefsupporters,economic

globalizationhashelpedreduce51inalargenumberofdevelopingcountries.

Itquotesonestudythatshowsincreasedwealth52toimprovededucation

andlongerlifeintwenty-fourdevelopingcountriesasaresultofintegration（融合）

oflocaleconomiesintotheworldeconomy.Hometosomethreebillionpeople,

thesetwenty-fourcountrieshaveseenincomes53atanaveragerateoffive

percent_comparedtotwopercentindevelopedcountries.

Thosewho54globalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountries

willbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.55,

smallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin

56open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.

Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually

57thegapbetweentherichandpoor.Astudycarriedoutbythe

U.N.-sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalization

showsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually58fromintegration

intotheworldeconomyandthatthepoor,theuneducated,unskilledworkers,

andnativepeopleshavebeenleftbehind.59,theymaintainthatglobalization

mayeventuallythreatenemergingbusinesses.Forexample,Indiancraftsmen

whocurrentlyseemtobenefitfromglobalizationbecausetheyareableto60

theirproductsmaysoonfacefiercecompetitionthatcouldpotthemoutof61.

Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhen

superstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto

62andwillbecrowdedout.

Onethingiscertainaboutglobalization一thereisno63.Advancesin

technologycombinedwithmoreopenpolicieshavealreadycreatedan

interconnectedworld.The64nowisfindingawaytocreateakindof

globalizationthatworksfbrthebenefitofall.

50.A.possibleB.smoothC.goodD.easy

51.A.crimeB.povertyC.conflictD.population

52.A.contributingB.respondingC.turningD.owing

53.A.remainB.dropC.shiftD.increase

54.A.doubtB.defineC.advocateD.ignore

55.A.InadditionB.ForinstanceC.InotherwordsD.Allinall

56.A.matureB.newC.localD.foreign

57.A.findingB.exploringC.bridgingD.widening

58.A.sufferedB.profitedC.learnedD.withdrawn

59.A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Otherwise

60.A.consumeB.deliverC.exportD.advertise

61.A.troubleB.businessC.powerD.mind

62.A.keepupB.comeinC.goaroundD.helpout

63.A.takingoffB.gettingalongC.holdingoutD.turningback

64.A.agreementB.predictionC.outcomeD.challenge

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedby

severalquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtothe

informationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

Forsomepeople,musicisnofanatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulation

iswhatscientistscall“amusic."Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithoutthe

abilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes（音調(diào)）.Amusicpeopleoftencannot

tellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifference

betweentwonotesiftheyareveryfarapartonthemusicalscale.

Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethe

soundofmusictopiecesofmetalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.

Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultfbr

otherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbeginto

graspwhatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmall

canbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionally

stayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultin

withdrawalandsocialisolation.“Iusedtohateparties,wsaysMargaret,a

seventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewasamusic.By

studyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythis

unusualcondition.

Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsof

peoplewhocanappreciatemusic.Thedifferenceiscomplex,anditdoesn'tinvolve

defectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.They

alsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompare

amusicstopeoplewhojustcan'tseecertaincolors.

Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed（診斷）.For

years,Margaretfeltembarrassedaboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknows

thatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesiteasierfor

hertoexplain."Whenpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,'Nothanks,Fm

amusic,wsaysMargaret.“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwas

seventeenandnotseventy.”

（335words）

65.Whichofthefollowingistrueofamusics?

A.Listeningtomusicisfarfromenjoyablefbrthem.

B.Theyloveplaceswheretheyarelikelytohearmusic.

C.Theycaneasilytelltwodifferentsongsapart.

D.Theirsituationiswellunderstoodbymusicians.

66.Accordingtoparagraph3,apersonwith''defectivehearing”isprobablyone

who.

A.dislikeslisteningtospeechesB.canhearanythingnonmusical

C.hasahearingproblemD.lacksacomplexhearingsystem

67.Inthelastparagraph,Margaretexpressedherwishthat.

A.herproblemwithmusichadbeendiagnosedearlier

B.shewereseventeenyearsoldratherthanseventy

C.herproblemcouldbeeasilyexplained

D.shewereabletomeetotheramusics

68.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Amusics'strangebehaviours.B.Somepeople'sinabilitytoenjoy

music.

C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure.D.Identificationandtreatment

ofamusics.

B

HomeLaundryAutomaticDryerProduct

FullTwoYearWarranty（保修）

LimitedFiveYearWarrantyonCabinet（機(jī)箱）

WarrantyProvidesfor：

FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.

THIRDTHRUFIFTHYEARSAmanawillprovideafreereplacementpartforanycabinetwhich

provesfaultyduetos/（生銹）。

WarrantyLimitations：Owner'sResponsibilities：

?Warrantybeginsatdateoforiginalpurchase.?Providesalesreceipt.

?AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnited?Normalcareandmaintenance.

StatesorinCanadaifproductisapprovedby?Havingtheproductreasonably

CanadianStandardsAssociationwhenshippedaccessibleforservice.

?Do、.FercrcJict

(268words)

69.AccordingtoWarrantyLimitations,aproductcanbeunderwarrantyif

A.shippedfromaCanadianfactoryB.rentedforhomeuse

C.repairedbytheuserhimselfD.usedintheU.S.A.

70.AccordingtoOwner'sResponsibilities,anownerhastopayfor.

A.thelossofthesalesreceiptB.aservicer'sovertimework

C.theproductinstallationD.amechanic'stransportation

71.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothewarranty?

A.ConsequentialdamagesareexcludedacrossAmerica.

B.Aproductdamagedinanaturaldisasteriscoveredbythewarranty.

C.Afaultycabinetduetorustcanbereplacedfreeinthesecondyear.

D.Freerepairisavailableforaproductusedimproperlyinthefirstyear.

C

AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNatureto

createthefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesof

newhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,the

tinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheair

andperformcontrolledflighttasks.

"It'sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnot

justthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件)saidRobertWood,the

Harvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectfor

overadecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogether

thecomponents.aTheaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynone

ofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonour

own,"hesaid.

Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.c<The

seeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberof

interdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhas

toperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit'sconnectedto,“

saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensing

andcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflying

robotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.

Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,the

goaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomeday

performdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers'fieldsoronthebattlefield.

“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,,,hesaid.

Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrol

atinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboard

couldhavemuchbroaderapplications."Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthem

toansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthat

wouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,whesaid.wSo

therearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatare

reallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”

(

392

words)

72.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywas

that.

A.theyhadnomodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficient

time

C.theyhadnoready-madecomponentsD.theycouldnotassemblethe

components

73.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly.

A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem

B.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttime

C.cancollectinformationfrommanysources

D.hasbeenputintowideapplication

74.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.

B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.

C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.

D.Wood'sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.

75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineering

Science

C.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsect

Study

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfrom

A-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.

A.Healthywayoflifegivingwaytooveruseofmedicine

B.Differentfindingsastotakingadditionalvitamin

C.EU'sresponsetooveruseofhealthproducts

D.Worryingincreaseinmultivitaminadvertising

E.EUdirectiveforthebenefitofindividuals

F.EUdirectiveagainstpredictioninnovels

76._________________________

Theuseofhealthsupplementssuchasmultivitamintabletshasincreased

greatlyinthewesternworld.Peopletakethesesupplementsbecauseadvertising

suggeststhattheypreventarangeofmedicalconditionsfromdeveloping.

However,thereisconcernthatpeopleareconsumingworryinglyhighdosesof

thesesupplementsandtheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedadirectivethatwill

banthesaleofawiderangeofthem.ThisEUdirectiveshouldbesupported.

77.

ResearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhotakeVitaminCsupplementsofover5000

milligramsadayaremorelikelytodevelopcancer.Thisshowshowmuchdamage

thesehealthsupplementsdotopeople'shealth.Aspokesmanforthehealth

supplementindustryhasarguedthatotherresearchshowsthatVitaminC

supplementshelppreventheartdisease,butwecandismissthisevidenceasitis

fromabiasedsource.

78.一

Sciencefictionofthe1960sand1970spredictedthatpillswouldreplace

mealsasthewayinwhichpeoplewouldgetthefueltheyneeded.This,itwas

argued,wouldmeanamoreefficientuseoftimeaspeoplewouldn'thavetowaste

itpreparingoreatingmeals.TheEUdirectivewouldhelppreventthisnightmare

ofpillsreplacingfoodbecomingareality.

79."

PeopOlealreadytaketoomanypillsinsteadofadoptingahealthierlifestyle.

Forexample,theconsumptionofpainkillersinBritainin1998was21tabletsper

yearforeveryman,womanandchildinthecountry.Peopledonotneedallthese

pills.

80.~

SomemightarguethattheEUdirectivedeniespeople'srighttofreedomof

choice.However,therearemanylegalexamplesforsuchinterventionwhenitisin

theindividuaFsbestinterests.Wenowmakepeoplewearseatbeltsratherthan

allowingthemtochoosetodoso.OpposingtheEUdirectivewouldmean

beneficialmeasureslikethiswouldbethreatened.

SectionD

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcomplete

thestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooks,bothfictionandnon-fiction,hasfound

amarkeddeclineintheuseofemotionalwordsovertime.Theresearchersform

theUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,afacilityforfindingthe

frequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tosearchformorethan600particular

wordsidentifiedasrepresentinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.

Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategories（類別）showedadropinthese

“moodwords”overtime.Onlyinthecategoryoffearwasthereanincreasein

usage.

“Itisasteadyandcontinuousdecrease,,,saidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumed

thattheresultmightbeexplainedbyachangeinthepositionoccupiedby

literature,inacrowdedmedialandscape."Onethingcouldbethatinparallelto

booksthe20thcenturysawthestartofothermedia.Maybethesemedia-movies,

radio,drama-hadmoreemotionalcontentthanbooks.”

Althoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,the

research,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibited

anotherinterestingbehaviour：theratio（比率）betweenthetwovariedgreatly,

apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.

DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreachedapeakthat

wouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.Buttheratio

plungedattheheightoftheSecondWorldWar.Nevertheless,theresearchersheld

areservedopinionabouttheirclaimthattheirresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.

Inthepaper,theyevenarguethatthereversecouldbetrue.

“Ithasbeensuggested,forexample,thatitwasthesuppression（壓抑）of

desireinordinaryElizabethanEnglishlifethatincreaseddemandforwriting

"filledwithromanceandsex'...perhaps,wtheyconclude,“songsandbooksmay

notreflecttherealpopulationanymorethancatwalkmodelsreflecttheaverage

body.”

（Note：AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHAN

TENWORDS.）

81.Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooksindicatedadeclinein“moodwords”

overtimeexcept

82.AccordingtoDrAlbertoAcerbi,onereasonforthedropof“moodwords”in

booksmaybethat

83.Whatwerethetwoperiodswhenthejoy-to-sadnessratiowasatitshighest?

84.Whiletheresearchersfoundsomechangesintheuseof“moodwords”in

books,theywere

notsurethat.

第II卷

I.Translation

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiven

inthebrackets.

1.今年元旦我們玩得很開心。(enjoy)

2.舅舅昨天寄給我一張卡片，祝賀我18歲生日。(congratulate)

3.經(jīng)過多年的建設(shè)，這個小鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)在和地震前一樣充滿了活力。(as...as)

4.演出以一段五十多歲的人耳熟能詳?shù)慕?jīng)典音樂開始。(familiar)

5.她一看完那個關(guān)于已滅絕物種的電視節(jié)目，就立志加入野生動物保護(hù)組織。(Nosooner)

II.GuidedWriting

Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtothe

instructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

上海博物館擬舉辦?次名畫展，現(xiàn)就展出場所(博物館還是社區(qū)圖書館)征集公眾意見,

假設(shè)你是王敏，給上海博物館寫一封信表達(dá)你的想法。你的信必須滿足以下要求：

1.簡述你寫信的目的及你對場所的選擇；

2.說明你的理由(從便利性，專業(yè)性等方面對這兩個場所進(jìn)行對比)。\

2012高考上海

25.passion,peoplewon'thavethemotivationorthejoynecessaryfor

creativethinking.

A.ForB.WithoutC.BeneathD.By

26.Ishonestythebestpolicy?Wethatitiswhenwearelittle.

A.willteachB.teachC.aretaughtD.willbe

taught

27.AsJacklefthismembershipcardathome,hewasn'tallowedinto

thesportsclub.

A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone

28.Thenewlawstatesthatpeople_driveafterdrinkingalcohol.

A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.won'tD.mustn't

29.Onlywiththegreatestoflucktoescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.

A.managedsheB.shemanagedC.didshemanageD.she

didmanage

30.-IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.

-Iknow.Bynextmonth,heenoughforausedone.

A.willhavesavedB.willbesavingC.hassavedD.saves

31.Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticedthatonehadhisname

writteninside.

A.eachB.everyC.otherD.

another

32.Ihaveatightbudgetforthetrip,soI'mnotgoingtoflytheairlines

lowerticketprices.

A.onceB.ifC.afterD.unless

33.WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshastrouble^therightthings

tosay.

A.thinkingofB.tothinkofC.thoughtofD.

thinkof.

34.Thereismuchtruthintheideakindnessisusuallyservedby

frankness.

A.whyB.whichC.thatD.

whether

35.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfromyoureceivedgifts?

A.whichB.themC.that