概要寫作二輪復習content考查要點01020304高考真題解題技巧詳解高級詞匯句式Part01考查要點考查能力1.區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息的能力;2.對句群之間的邏輯關(guān)系和段落結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力;3.分析推斷邏輯關(guān)系、梳理及概括細節(jié)信息的能力;4.通過整合手段進行思維創(chuàng)新和表達創(chuàng)新的能力;5.運用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或語法結(jié)構(gòu)及修辭手段進行語義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。評分原則1.詞數(shù)少于40或多于80的,從總分中減去2分;2.對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;3.應用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準確性;4.上下文的連貫性;5.對各要點表達的獨立性情況;6.拼寫、標點符號的準確性;7.書寫和卷面情況。失誤總結(jié)1.要點提煉不準確。主次信息混淆,不清楚原文作者的寫作意圖。2.表述的邏輯不清晰。內(nèi)容沒有條理,行文沒有銜接,不能呈現(xiàn)連貫性。3.照抄原文句子。不能進行有效的語句轉(zhuǎn)換,同一單詞的重現(xiàn)率較高。作文中若出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句摘自原文的現(xiàn)象,作文將會被直接定為第三檔(11—15分)甚至更低檔。4.單詞拼寫錯誤較多,時態(tài)、語態(tài)出錯率較高。Part02解題技巧詳解解題步驟1.瀏覽原文,弄清文體,根據(jù)段首句和段尾句預測段落內(nèi)容甚至整個語篇內(nèi)容,把握語篇主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)。2.細讀原文每一個段落,把握段落大意,歸納段落要點。3.最大限度地替換要點句子中的關(guān)鍵詞匯,調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu),盡量使各個要點句子轉(zhuǎn)換成全新的表達。4.使用恰當?shù)你暯釉~把各個要點句子整合成邏輯關(guān)系清晰、內(nèi)容有條理、連貫通順的短文,要注意,各個要點句子要有相對的獨立性。注意事項1.概要應包括原文中的主要事實,略去不必要的細節(jié)。2.安排好篇幅的比例,概要應同原文保持協(xié)調(diào),即用較多的文字寫主要內(nèi)容,用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。3.注意要點之間的銜接,要用恰當?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文,切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語,以免顯得生硬。4.不排斥用原文的某些詞匯或詞塊,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的話語表達,至少要對原文句子做一些同義詞替換,如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。5.核查詞數(shù),看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。方法技巧牢記寫作流程,釀造極優(yōu)作文方法技巧巧用銜接詞語,盡顯嚴密邏輯1.并列aswellas也both...and...……和……都notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……2.遞進besides除……之外furthermore此外moreover而且what'smore更為重要的是moreimportantly更重要的是tomakemattersworse=what'sworse=worsestill更糟糕的是方法技巧巧用銜接詞語,盡顯嚴密邏輯3.對比和轉(zhuǎn)折but但是instead反而while而however/nevertheless然而otherwise否則unlike與……不同onthecontrary與此相反comparedto與……相比incontrastto與……形成對比ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……4.因果therefore/consequently/asaresult因此becauseof/asaresultof/onaccountof/dueto因為thanksto/owingto由于方法技巧巧用銜接詞語,盡顯嚴密邏輯5.目的inorderto/soasto為了sothat/inorderthat為了forthepurposeof為了6.強調(diào)especially特別particularly特別indeed確實notatall根本不orrather確切地說方法技巧巧用銜接詞語,盡顯嚴密邏輯7.順序first/second/third首先/第二/第三firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally首先/第二/第三/最后tostartwith/next/inaddition/finally首先/然后/此外/最后firstofall/besides/lastbutnotleast首先/此外/最后但同樣重要的是8.總結(jié)inshort/inbrief/insummary總之tosumup/tosummarize總之a(chǎn)llinall總的說來onthewhole總的說來方法技巧讀首句析尾句,構(gòu)織語境畫面通過閱讀第一段的首句和最后一段的尾句便能大致明白該語篇的主旨;然后尋讀每一段的首句和尾句,嘗試預測每一段的主旨;再觀察段落之間的組織方式,了解該語篇的文脈。這樣,我們就能在大腦中構(gòu)織出語境的初步畫面。比如2019年6月浙江高考的概要寫作閱讀材料,第一段的首句是"Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids",最后一段的尾句是"Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit",由這兩句話可知,這篇文章的主旨是父母表揚孩子要依據(jù)孩子努力的程度。然后我們可根據(jù)每一段的首句和尾句判斷出各段的主旨。方法技巧善找轉(zhuǎn)折詞匯,主旨要點映眼前表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞后面的內(nèi)容,或者含有though,although,while等引導的讓步狀語從句的主從復合句的主句通常是句子的主旨要點,也是作者真實的寫作意圖。比如2018年11月浙江高考的概要寫作閱讀材料,第二段最后一句"Infact...andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!",本句的主旨要點是but后面的"ifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!"。再如最后一段的尾句"Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend","Whilevisiting...visit"是讓步狀語從句,該句的主旨要點是主句的內(nèi)容。方法技巧巧妙變換表達,替換關(guān)鍵詞語寫概要時,考生要用自己的語言進行表達,可以通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、句式轉(zhuǎn)換、正話反說、反話正說等技巧替換原文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語。方法技巧1.同義轉(zhuǎn)換(1)近義詞替換原詞NeverwillChenYuforgethisfirstjobasajournalist.→ChenYuwillalwaysrememberhisfirstjobasareporter.

(2)單詞替換短語①Clearingawaydirtisgoodforhealth.

→Clearingawaydirtbenefitshealth.②Withmuchofthepublic'sattention,starssufferfromgreatpressure.

→Livinginthepublicgaze,starsfacegreatpressure.(3)概括詞替換具體詞ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofReader'sDigestandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.

→Shebroughthomesomebooksandmagazines.

方法技巧2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(1)動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Hefailedtopassthedrugtest,andthebosshadtodismisshimfromhisjob.→Hisfailureofpassingthedrugtestresultedinhisjobdismissal.(2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Yourskinwillbeburntifyouareexposedtothesuntoolong.→Toolongexposuretothesunwillharmyourskin.(3)形容詞(短語)轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞(短語)Readingcannotonlymakeyourelaxedbutalsobegoodforyourmind.

→Readingcannotonlyrelaxyourbodybutalsodogoodtoyourmind.

方法技巧3.句式轉(zhuǎn)換(1)主被動語態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Twoexperimentswerecarriedoutbyapsychologist.

→Apsychologistperformedtwoexperiments.(2)特殊句式與正常語序的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformation.

→Youwillobtainalltheinformationifyouaskmanydifferentquestions.

方法技巧3.句式轉(zhuǎn)換(3)從句之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Heconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.

→Hisconclusionisthatpeoplearenotequippedwiththeabilitytofeelothers'observation.

(4)從句壓縮、轉(zhuǎn)換①狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞短語Whenhearrives,pleasesendmeane-mail.

→Onhisarrival,pleasesendmeane-mail.

②條件狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)Ifeverythingisconsidered,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

→Everythingtakenintoconsideration,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

方法技巧4.正話反說(1)Iquiteagreewithyou.→Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.

(2)Hishometownisthemostbeautifulplace.

→Noplaceismorebeautifulthanhishometown.

方法技巧5.反話正說(1)Withoutadvertising,itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.→Withadvertising,itwillbeveryeasyforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.(2)Themostimportantstepistofillintheapplicationformwithoutanyfalseinformation.

→It'sessentialtofillintheapplicationformcorrectly.Part03高考真題①Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.②JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."③Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,④when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.⑤Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.

①Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.②Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.③Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

①Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?②Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.③Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.④"Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.⑤"Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."

①Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.②Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.③Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.④Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

寫作指導Para.1①作本段的"起",描述現(xiàn)象;②作"承",引入專家的觀點;③作"承",分析出現(xiàn)該現(xiàn)象的原因;④作"轉(zhuǎn)",引出作者的觀點;⑤作第一段的"合",指出"Toomuchpraise"的后果。Para.2①作上一段的"承"和本段后文內(nèi)容的"起",指出不要走向另一個極端;②作"承"指出"Notgivingenoughpraise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈現(xiàn)出因果關(guān)系。寫作指導Para.3①作前兩段的"承",也作本段的"起",起過渡作用;②是對上一句的回答,引出專家的觀點;③是對上一句的進一步解釋;④引用了專家的說法;⑤作本段的"合",與②相呼應。Para.4①作上一段的"承"和本段例證的"