必修三Unit1FestivalsaroundtheWorld世界各地的節(jié)日I．Vocabularytakeplace發(fā)生beautyn.美；美人poetn.詩(shī)人Christiann.基督徒；信徒adj.基督教的；信基督教的arrivaln.到來(lái)；到達(dá)；到達(dá)者h(yuǎn)arvestn.&vt.Vi.收獲；收gainvt.獲得；得到Jesusn.耶穌割independencen.獨(dú)立；自主cherryn.櫻桃；櫻桃樹(shù)celebrationn.慶祝；祝賀independentadj.獨(dú)立的；自主的blossomn.花；vi.開(kāi)花starvegatherasthough好像vi.&vt.(使)餓死；餓得要vt.&vi.n.搜集；集合；聚havefunwith玩得開(kāi)心死集originn.起源；由來(lái)；起因agriculturen.農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝；農(nóng)customn.習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗religiousadj.宗教上的；信奉學(xué)worldwideadj.世界的；世agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的；農(nóng)界性的adj.季節(jié)的；季節(jié)性藝的rosebudn.玫瑰花蕾awardn.獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品vt.授予；判nesessityn.必要性；需要宗教的；虔誠(chéng)的seasonal的ancestorn.祖先；祖宗graven.墳?zāi)?；墓地incensen.熏香；熏香的煙inmemoryof紀(jì)念；追念feastn.節(jié)日；盛宴skulln.頭腦；頭骨Halloweenn.萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕；定permissionn.許可；允許producen.產(chǎn)品；農(nóng)產(chǎn)品roostern.雄禽；公雞predictionn.預(yù)言；預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)告fashionn.樣子；方式；時(shí)尚admirevt.贊美；欽佩；羨慕parkinglot停車場(chǎng)energeticadj.充滿活力的；精Valentine’sDay情人節(jié)力充沛的；積極的turnup出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng)lookforwardto期望；期待；盼keepone’sword守信用；履行望諾言諸圣日前夕beliefn.信任；信心；信仰dressup盛裝；打扮；裝飾carnivaln.狂歡節(jié)；（四旬節(jié)前的）holdone’sbreath屏息；屏氣apologizevi.道歉；辯白飲宴狂歡；嘉年華（會(huì)）trickn.詭計(jì)；惡作劇；竅門(mén)lunaradj.月的；月亮的；陰歷drownvt.&vi.淹沒(méi)；溺死；淹vt.欺騙；詐騙的死playatrickon搞惡作?。婚_(kāi)Eastern.(耶穌)復(fù)活節(jié)paraden.游行；閱兵；檢閱的dayandnight日夜；晝夜；整天wipevt.擦；擦去；揩obviousadj.明顯的；顯而易見(jiàn)玩笑magpien.喜鵲remind…of…提醒…想起…forgivevt.原諒；饒恕theMilkyWay銀河weaveweepvi.哭泣；流淚n.哭；哭泣vt.&vi.編織；（使）迂回前進(jìn)herdn.牧群；獸群setoff出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；使爆炸II．ReadingFESTIVALSANDCELEBRATIONS節(jié)日與慶祝Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkindshavebeenheldeverywheresinceancienttimes.譯文：從古自今各地都舉行過(guò)各式各樣的節(jié)日和慶典?！咀⑨專篽avebeenheld是完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中，正確使用時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的依據(jù)：(一)不同的時(shí)態(tài)有不同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與之對(duì)應(yīng)，運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)依據(jù)：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有usually,often,sometimes,seldom,everyfewdays(every+…系列)等;(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常對(duì)應(yīng)的有now,thesedays等;(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常對(duì)應(yīng)的有already,(not)yet,just,never,uptonow,eversince,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，for+時(shí)間段系列，bynow等；(4)一般將時(shí)來(lái)對(duì)應(yīng)的有tomorrow,nextweek/month/year等表示將的來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；(5)一般過(guò)去式對(duì)應(yīng)的有yesterday,lastweek/month/year,justnow,atthattime,then,…ago等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).(二)語(yǔ)態(tài)判斷依據(jù)：(1)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，就使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者(I)+動(dòng)作(did)+動(dòng)作承受者(thejob)（即：Ididthejob）；(2)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者或不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，就使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：動(dòng)作承受者(thejob)+動(dòng)作被動(dòng)式(wasdone)+Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebrate其它(必要時(shí)可用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如byme)】theendofcoldweather,plantinginspringandharvestinautumn.譯文：大多數(shù)古代節(jié)日是用來(lái)慶祝寒冷天氣的結(jié)束、春天的耕作和秋日的收獲?！咀⑨專簑ould表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，這種習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在也可能依然還有，如：——Tomwaslateforclassagainthismorning.——Hewouldbelateforclass】Sometimes,celebrationswouldbeheldafterhuntershadcaughtanimals.譯文：有時(shí)，獵人在捕獲獵物后，就常常舉行慶?；顒?dòng)。Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.譯文：在那時(shí)，如果尋找食物很困難，尤其是在寒冷的冬月間，人們就會(huì)餓死?！咀⑨專簊tarvevt.&vi.使餓死，餓得要死eg.1)Becausethereisnofood,thepeoplearestarving.由于沒(méi)有食品,所以人們?cè)诎ゐI。2)She'sstarvingherself,tryingtoloseweight.她在餓肚子減肥。3)I'mstarvedverymuchnowbecauseIhavehadnothingatalltoday.我現(xiàn)在餓極了,因?yàn)槲医裉焓裁匆矝](méi)吃。由starve構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)有：starvetodeath餓死；starveforsth.渴望獲得某物；缺乏某物；starvesb.ofsth.使某人因得不到某物而受苦；odoingsth.使某人挨餓而做某事；starvesb.out(ofsth.)將某人餓得從隱藏處出來(lái)。如：1)Theygotlostinthedesertandstarvedtodeath.2)Themoneyhasrunout;theystarveforalargesumofmoneytofinishthework.試題：Thecompanyis_____money.A.stavedforB.starvingforC.starvingofD.starved】注：bestarvedofsth.急需；缺乏Today’sfestivalshavemanyorigins,somereligious,someseasonal,andsomeforspecialpeopleorevents.譯文：如今的節(jié)日都有淵源，有的起源于宗教，有的起源于季節(jié)性的，有的是由于特殊的人物或事件而引起的。FestivalsoftheDead亡靈節(jié)Somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedeadortosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.譯文：有的節(jié)日是用來(lái)紀(jì)念亡靈，eg.Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtovisitme.您來(lái)看我,不勝(2)vt.尊敬eg.1)Weallhonourcourageouspeople.我們都尊重勇敢的人。2)Childrenshouldhonourtheirfatherandmother.孩子們應(yīng)該尊敬其父母。3)Lannyhadhonouredhimasateacher.蘭尼尊他為師。4)Iamhonouredtobeaskedtospeak.我,不勝5)We'redeeplyhonouredthatyoushouldagreetojoinus.想不到您會(huì)同意一起來(lái),真是不勝either…or…要么…要么…:用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列成份，如：1)Eitheryourwatchesormineiswrong.你們的表不準(zhǔn),就是我的既沒(méi)有到過(guò)巴表不準(zhǔn)。2)IhavenotbeentoeitherParisorRome.我或滿足先人，他們可能會(huì)回來(lái)，要么幫助人們，要么危害人們?！咀⑨專孩賖onour(1)n.應(yīng)邀發(fā)言②不是FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangraves黎也沒(méi)有到過(guò)羅馬?！縜ndlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors.譯文：像日本的盂蘭盆節(jié)，人們前去掃墓，點(diǎn)起香燭以紀(jì)念祖先?！咀⑨專孩賗nmemoryof作為對(duì)某人的紀(jì)念eg.Hefoundedthecharityinmemoryofhislatewife.他興辦那個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)以紀(jì)念他已故的妻子。②Obon日本的盂蘭盆節(jié)：中國(guó)古代以一、七、十月之十五日分稱上元、中元、下元：上元是天官賜福日，中元為地官赦罪日，下元為水官解厄日。所以會(huì)在中元時(shí)普渡孤魂野鬼。中元節(jié)——農(nóng)歷7月15日中國(guó)民間的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日“中元節(jié)”。在南方，亦稱“鬼節(jié)”。也有說(shuō)法中元節(jié)是在農(nóng)歷7月14日。節(jié)日這天，人們帶上祭品，到墳上去祭奠祖先，與清明節(jié)上墳相似。在封建時(shí)代，地方官府還命令寺廟的和尚道士設(shè)孤魂道場(chǎng)，以祭奠陣亡的軍士，中元節(jié)時(shí)，人們要焚燒大量的紙錢(qián)。它的另一叫法即盂蘭盆節(jié)。每年農(nóng)歷七月十五日為“盂蘭盆節(jié)”，也稱“中元節(jié)”（一定意義上講，中元節(jié)歸屬道教，盂蘭盆節(jié)歸屬佛教），有些地方Theyalsolightlampsandplaymusicbecausethey】俗稱“鬼節(jié)”、“施孤”，又稱亡人節(jié)、七月半。thinkthatthiswillleadtheancestorsbacktoearth.譯文：他們也點(diǎn)亮燈火，演奏音樂(lè)，回到世上。【注釋：leadvt.引導(dǎo)，牽引；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，率領(lǐng)，指揮；影響，勸誘；vi.通向；導(dǎo)致(1)leadsb.tosp.領(lǐng)某人到某處eg.Thepathleadsustothesmallvillage.(2)leadsb.todosth.致使某人做某事eg.Theterriblesceneofthefilmledustofeelfrightenedwiththenaturaldisaster.(3)leadto…通向；導(dǎo)致eg.AllroadsleadtoRome.(4)leadsb’sdoingsth.導(dǎo)致某人做某事(5)leada…life過(guò)著…的生活eg.NowIamleadingahappylife.(6)takethelead奪得領(lǐng)先地eg.1)Japanhastakentheleadincarproduction.日因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這會(huì)引領(lǐng)祖先位本在汽車生產(chǎn)中居首位。2)Theytooktheleadinconductingtheexperiments.他們帶頭做試驗(yàn)?！縄nMexico,peoplecelebratetheDayoftheDeadinearlyNovember.譯文：在墨西哥，Onthisimportantfeastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeof人們?cè)谑辉鲁鯌c祝鬼節(jié)。skullsandcakeswith“bones”onthem.譯文：在這個(gè)重要的狀的食物還吃一些上面帶有“骨頭”的蛋糕?！咀⑨專篿ntheshapeof…以…形狀/形式eg.1)Thecloudwasintheshapeofacock.那云成公雞形。2)Heexpressedhisgratitudetousintheshapeofaninvitationtodinner.他請(qǐng)我們吃飯,表示對(duì)我們的感謝?！孔诮坦?jié)日，人們吃一些顱骨形Theyofferfood,flowersandgiftstothedead.譯文：他們給死者/亡靈供奉食物、鮮花和禮物。TheWesternholidayHalloweenalsohaditsorigininoldbeliefsaboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeople.譯Itisnowachildren’s文：西方的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)也有其根源，古時(shí)人們相信死者的靈魂能夠回來(lái)。festival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbours’homestoaskforsweets.譯文：現(xiàn)在，萬(wàn)圣節(jié)已成為孩子的節(jié)日，在這一天，他們可以化裝到鄰居家里要糖果?！咀⑨專篸ressup(1)穿上特殊服裝eg.TheyalldresseduptotakepartintheNewYear'sparty.他們都穿上盛裝,,梳理,粉飾,偽裝eg.Shedressedthechildrenup.她把孩子們打扮去參加除夕晚會(huì)。(2)打扮得漂漂亮亮。(3)(使)裝扮成另一種樣子eg.HedressedhimselfupasFatherChristmas.他打扮Iftheneighboursdonotgiveanysweets,thechildrenmightplaya成圣誕老人?！縯rickonthem.譯文：如果鄰居不給糖果，孩子們就會(huì)捉弄他們?！咀⑨專簆lay(a)trickonsb.捉弄某人;開(kāi)某人的玩笑;playajokeonsb.戲弄某人eg.Don’tplayatrickonhimanylonger,andheisangrynow.】FestivalstoHonourPeople紀(jì)念性的節(jié)日Festivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeople.譯文：TheDragonBoatFestivalinChinahonours節(jié)日可以用來(lái)紀(jì)念名人。thefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.譯文：中國(guó)的端午節(jié)（又叫龍船節(jié)）IntheUSA,ColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrivalof就是紀(jì)念古代著名詩(shī)人——屈原。ChristopherColumbusintheNewWorld.譯文：在美國(guó)，哥倫布日是用來(lái)紀(jì)念克里斯托弗哥倫布IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi,到達(dá)新大陸的。theleaderwhohelpedgainindia’sindependencefromBritain.譯文：印度的十月2號(hào)莫罕達(dá)斯甘地,他幫助印度擺脫英殖民統(tǒng)治，獲得獨(dú)立?！咀⑨專篻ainvt.獲得；得到；增加(1)gainby/fromsth.從…中獲益eg.Igainedalotby/frommyformerexperience.(2)carry/gainone’spoint說(shuō)服某人接受自己的觀點(diǎn)eg.Tomhasgainedmypoint.(3)gainonsb./sth.接近/逼近(所追逐的)某人或某物辨析：gain,win,get,earn,acquire①gain指在斗爭(zhēng)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中做出很大努力而“獲得”，所得的東西常具有一定價(jià)值。②win含有取勝的一方具有優(yōu)越的特質(zhì)或條件而能克服各種障礙的意思，意為“贏得”。③get為普通詞，有時(shí)指不一定需要努力就能得到。earn意為“贏得”，表示經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦努力所得的報(bào)酬。⑤acquire意為“獲得，取得”，一般指通過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)漸獲得。試題：1)I’mnewinthejobbutI’malreadygainingexperience.是全國(guó)節(jié)日，以紀(jì)念④程而逐2)Hisperseverancewonhimmanyfriendsandagoldmedal.3)Myfatherhaslivedalonglife,andaloneenoughtowingreatrespectinhistown.3)Hehasearnedalotofmoneybyworkingintheevenings.5)After10years’hardwork,TomhasacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglish.6)Shedoesn’tgetenoughfoodeveryday.】HarvestFestivals收獲節(jié)日peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.譯文：由于人們已為冬季采集好食物以及農(nóng)活已畢,所以人們感謝上蒼，在收獲節(jié)和感恩節(jié)有非?？鞓?lè)的活動(dòng)?！咀⑨專孩賕ratefuladj.感激的；感謝的eg.I'dbeverygratefulifyoucouldletmeknowassoonaspossible.如果你盡快讓我知道我將非常感激。②gathervt.采集,采拾;收割,收獲eg.1)Hegatheredmesomegoodstamps.他為郵票。2)Myboyfriendgatheredsomebeautifulflowersforme.我的男朋友為我采來(lái)一些美麗的我收集了一些好InEuropeancountries,peoplewill花?！縰suallydecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruit,andwillgettogethertohavemeals.歐洲各國(guó)，人們通常會(huì)用鮮花和水果裝飾教堂和市政廳，聚在一起譯文：在吃飯。【注釋：gettogether聚會(huì);聯(lián)歡eg.1)Allthemembersofthefamilygettogetheronceayear.全家成員每年團(tuán)聚一次。2)It'sabouttimewegottogetherforachat.現(xiàn)在該是我們見(jiàn)面Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,likethebiggest談?wù)劦臅r(shí)候了?！縲atermelonorthemosthandsomerooster.譯文：一些人可能會(huì)因他們的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品而獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，如最大的西瓜，或最雄壯的公雞?！咀⑨專篴wardvt.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；授予tosb.=awardsb.sth.把某物頒發(fā)給某人eg.Hewasawardedamedalforbravery.(2)wintheawardof$10,000贏得1萬(wàn)美元獎(jiǎng)金辨析：award,reward,prize：award指任務(wù)或工作完而給予的額外的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；reward指完成任務(wù)或工作應(yīng)得的報(bào)酬；prize指在各類競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或抽采中所贏得；n.獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品（金）(1)awardsth.成的好的獎(jiǎng)賞或獎(jiǎng)品。如：1)HowcanIrewardyouforyourhelp2)Iwonfirstprizeinthepaintingcompetition.3)Thecourtawardedheavydamages.法院判定很重的損失賠償金。考題：1)Scientistsfoundthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_____.ChinaandJapanhavemid-autumnD.results】A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsfestivals,whenpeopleadmirethemoonandinChina,enjoymooncakes.譯文：中國(guó)和日本都有中秋節(jié)，屆時(shí)人們賞月，在中國(guó)還吃月餅。Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofspring.譯文：最具活力的、最為重要的節(jié)日就是那些期盼寒冬的結(jié)束和春天的來(lái)臨?！咀⑨專簂ookforwardto期望,盼望eg.1)I'mlookingforwardtoyourvisitnextweek.我在盼望著你下周光臨。2)Welookforwardtoseeingyouagain.我們期待著與你再次相見(jiàn)。】AttheSpringFestivalinChina,peopleeatdumplings,fishandmeatandmaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper.譯文：在中國(guó)的春節(jié)，人們吃餃子、吃魚(yú)、吃肉，還給孩子用紅紙包裹的壓歲錢(qián)。Therearedragondancesandcarnivals,andfamiliescelebratetheLunarNewYeartogether.譯文：有舞龍的，SomeWesterncountrieshaveveryexciting有狂歡節(jié)，一家人聚在一起慶祝農(nóng)歷新年。carnivals,whichtakeplacefortydaysbeforeEaster,usuallyinFebruary.譯文：一些西方國(guó)家也有非常令人激動(dòng)的狂歡節(jié)，通常是在二月的復(fù)活節(jié)之前的45天舉行?！咀⑨專簍akeplace發(fā)生；舉行eg.1)Thethreateningstrikedidnottakeplaceafterall.可能來(lái)臨的罷工終究沒(méi)有發(fā)生。2)TheeveningpartywilltakeplaceonNewYear'sEve.晚會(huì)將在除夕那天舉行?！縏hesecarnivalsmightincludeparades,dancinginthestreetsdayandnight,loudmusicandcolourfulclothingofallkinds.譯文：這些狂歡可能包括日日夜夜的游行、跳舞、響亮的音樂(lè)和各種各樣的彩色服裝。EasterisanimportantreligiousandsocialfestivalforChristiansaroundtheworld.譯文：對(duì)于世界各地的基督徒來(lái)說(shuō)，復(fù)活節(jié)是一個(gè)重要的宗教和社會(huì)活動(dòng)節(jié)日。ItcelebratesthereturnofJesusfromthedeadandthecomingofspringandnewlife.譯文：它是慶祝耶穌的復(fù)活和春天及新生命的來(lái)臨。Japan’sCherryBlossomFestivalhappensalittlelater.譯文：日本的櫻花節(jié)來(lái)的晚一些。Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.譯文：該國(guó)，到處都是櫻樹(shù)花，看起來(lái)就像到處是粉紅色的雪?！咀⑨專篶overwith用…遮蓋住,用…填滿1)Hecoveredhiswifewithhisbody.他用身體掩護(hù)自己的妻子。2)Thefieldiscoveredwithsnow.田野一片積雪?！縋eoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.譯文：人們喜歡在一起吃呀