Unit1Grammar

Presentperfecttense&presentcontinuoustense第一頁，共28頁。1pastnowYesterday,we

cleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法(yònɡfǎ)1強調(diào)過去(guòqù)發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時第二頁，共28頁。21.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseen

itbefore

havedone

it.第三頁，共28頁。3“仍然(réngrán)，還〞用在疑問句和否認(rèn)句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已經(jīng)〞通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有時(yǒushí)，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?第四頁，共28頁。4“從來不〞用在否認(rèn)(fǒurèn)句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾經(jīng)(céngjīng)〞通常用于疑問句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?第五頁，共28頁。5“以前(yǐqián)〞用在完成時中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“剛剛(gānggāng)〞用在陳述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。第六頁，共28頁。6Shebeganto

workin2005.Shestillworksherenow.

Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor9years.

第七頁，共28頁。7nowpastIbeganto

teachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.Ihavetaught

Englishatthisschoolforfiveyears.用法(yònɡfǎ)2：過去發(fā)生的動作一直(yīzhí)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。第八頁，共28頁。81.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.haveworkedhavestayed第九頁，共28頁。9sinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998sinceshecametotheschool)for+時間段since+時間(shíjiān)點for2years/alongtime第十頁，共28頁。10一、用for和since填空(tiánkòng)。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince第十一頁，共28頁。11Exercise根據(jù)(gēnjù)所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.第十二頁，共28頁。123.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(預(yù)定(yùdìng)〕atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone第十三頁，共28頁。131.現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)我沒有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadbreakfast.(含義是:簡現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)已在此地)第十四頁，共28頁。142.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(dòngzuò)和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用.表示持續(xù)動作(dòngzuò)或狀態(tài)的動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.第十五頁，共28頁。153.現(xiàn)在完成時往往(wǎngwǎng)同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等標(biāo)志詞Hehasalreadygotachancetogoabroad.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet？第十六頁，共28頁。164.現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度(píndù)的時間狀語連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:

HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.第十七頁，共28頁。175.現(xiàn)在完成時還往往(wǎngwǎng)可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpoemssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtomakeuseofnaturalmaterials.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptotheseweeks,everythinghasbeensuccessful.第十八頁，共28頁。18have(has)gone和have(has)been的區(qū)別(qūbié)1.have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了〞ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)不在這里。)2.have(has)been表示(biǎoshì)“曾經(jīng)去過某地〞ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)第十九頁，共28頁。19非延續(xù)性動詞不能與時間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語(cíyǔ)是瞬間動詞表示的動作是一時的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時間的詞連用，也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。如不能說：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以說：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.這些瞬間(shùnjiān)動詞常與它對應(yīng)的可以表示時間段的詞語進行互換。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy--study注明：非延續(xù)性動詞在否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時態(tài)：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.第二十頁，共28頁。20現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成進行時通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時的幾種情況(qíngkuàng)：1.表過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)中Shehasbeentalkingtomesinceshesawme.2.表示過去開始的動作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況(qíngkuàng)下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)——Sorry,I’mlate,haveyoubeenwaitinglong?——Yes,Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.第二十一頁，共28頁。21C1.Theprice_____recently,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.Awentdown,BwillgodownChasgonedownDwasgoingdown2.Inthepastfewyearsthere____greatchangesinDaMiaotown.AisBwereChavebeenDwillbe.C第二十二頁，共28頁。22

Icleantheblackboardeveryday.I'llcleantheblackboardinseveralminutes.I'mnowcleaningtheblackboard.Icleanedtheblackboardseveralminutesago.Ihavecleanedtheblackboardforseveralminutes.

Ihavebeencleaningtheblackboardforseveralminutes/sinceseveralminutesago.第二十三頁，共28頁。23現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行(jìnxíng)時的區(qū)別I(1)表示(biǎoshì)從過去某一時間開始一直在進行的動作,并有可能持續(xù)下去,強調(diào)動作的全過程；表示(biǎoshì)從過去到現(xiàn)在的重復(fù)性動作。(2)注意:多用于延續(xù)性動詞，如work,live,study,skate,collect…表示在某一特定時間(shíjiān)之前曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的動作,或者到這一時間(shíjiān)為止已經(jīng)完成的動作.1.現(xiàn)在完成時:

have+過去分詞2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時:have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞第二十四頁，共28頁。24現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時和現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成進行時的區(qū)別II〔1〕在不用時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行。而現(xiàn)在完成時那么(nàme)表示動作在過去已結(jié)束。如：

Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.〔還在進行〕學(xué)生們一直在準(zhǔn)備考試。Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.〔已經(jīng)結(jié)束〕學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴?zhǔn)備。〔2〕在強調(diào)指出動作(dòngzuò)還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去。如：I’vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours,butIhaven’tfinishedit.這本書我已讀了兩個小時了，但我還沒讀完。