2023屆閱讀理閱讀技巧專練:細節(jié)理解（共5題）一、閱讀理解題（共5題）?Bynow,weareallawarethatsocialmediahashadatremendousinfluenceonourculture,inbusiness,ontheworld-at-large.SocialmediawebsitesrevolutionizedthewaypeoplecommunicateandsocializeontheWeb.However,asidefromseeingyourfriend'snewbabyonFacebook,orreadingaboutJustinBieber'slatestconflictwiththelawonTwitter,whataresomeoftherealinfluences?Socialnetworksoffertheopportunityforpeopletore-connectwiththeiroldfriendsandacquaintances,makenewfriends,shareideasandpictures,andmanyotheractivities.Userscankeeppacewiththelatestglobalandlocaldevelopments,andparticipateincampaignsandactivitiesoftheirchoices.ProfessionalsusesocialmediasiteslikeLinkedIntoenhancetheircareerandbusinessdevelopment.Studentscanworktogetherwiththeirpeerstoimprovetheiracademicandcommunicationskills.Unfortunately,thereareafewdownsidestootosocialnetworking.Ifyouarenotcareful,immoralpeoplecantargetyouforcyberbullyinganddisturbanceonsocialsites.Schoolchildren,younggirls,andwomencanfallvictimtoonlineattackswhichcancreatetensionandsuffering.Ifyouareavictimofcyberbullying,donottakeitlyingdown,buttrytotakeappropriatelegalactionagainsttheattacker.Manycompanieshaveblockedsocialnetworksasaddictedemployeescandistractthemselvesonsuchsites,insteadoffocusingonwork.Infact,studiesshowthatBritishcompanieshavelostbillionsofdollarsperyearinproductivitybecauseofsocialmediaaddictionamongemployees.Also,whatyoucarelesslypostontheNetcancomebacktotroubleyou.Revealing(泄露)personalinformationonsocialsitescanmakeusersvulnerable(易受傷害的)tocrimeslikeidentitytheft,stalking,etc.ManycompaniesperformabackgroundcheckontheNetbeforehiringanemployee.Ifapotentialemployeehaspostedsomethingembarrassingonsocialmedia,itcangreatlyaffecttheirchancesofgettingthejob.Thesameholdstrueforourrelationshipstoo,asourlovedonesandfriendsmaygettoknowifwepostsomethingundesirableonsocialnetworks.Socialmediahasitsadvantagesanddrawbacksaseachcoinhastwosides.Itisuptoeachusertousesocialsiteswiselytoenhancetheirprofessionalandsociallife,andexercisecautiontoensuretheydonotfallvictimtoonlinedangers.(1)Paragraph2mainlyshowsthatsocialnetworks_____. A．helpstudentsfinishtheirhomework B．offerprofessionalsgoodchances C．benefitusersinvariousways D．guideuserstomakerightchoices(2)Facedwithproblemscausedbysocialmedia,somecompanies A．forbidtheuseofsocialnetworksduringworktime B．a(chǎn)voidpostingembarrassinginformation C．refusetohirepotentialaddictedemployees D．takelegalactionagainsttheattackers(3)Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_____. A．shareexperiencesinusingsocialmedia B．remindpeopletowiselyusesocialmedia C．providesomeadviceonsocialproblems D．raisepublicawarenessofsocialproblems(4)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage? A． B． C． D．EatingHealthilyTherightnutritionisnecessaryforyoutoliveahealthylifestyle.Yourbodyrequiresawell-balanceddieteverydayinordertomaintaintheadequateamountsofvitamins,nutrientsandmineralsneededtomaintainahealthybody.Toeatisanecessity,buttocatintelligentlyisanart.—LaRochefoucauld(Frenchwriter)AnActiveLifestyleYouwillneedtoincludefitnessaspartofyourlife.Physicalfitnesskeepsyourweightincheck,helpsyousleepbetteratnight,preventsheartattacksandstrokesandotherhealthproblems,andgenerallyprolongsyourlife.Basicallytherearesomanybenefitsofexercisingthatyoureallycan'tliveafulllifewithoutit.Thosewhothinktheyhavenottimeforbodilyexercisewillsoonerorlaterhavetofindtimeforillness.—EdwardStanley(EarlofDerby)StressManagementEmotionalstressplaysanimportantroleinmanyillnesses,bothdirectlyandindirectly.Peoplearealsomorelikelytosmoke,overeat,drinktoomuch,worktoohard,arguewithothersandsoon,whentheyarefeelingstressed.Thus,stressmanagementisanimportantpartofyournewlifestyle,andmeditationandrelaxationtechniquesaretrulyakeypartoflivingahealthylifestyle.MakeFriendswithYourselfLovingyourselfisakeytoahealthy,happylifestyle.Self-esteemisallabouthowmuchpeoplevaluethemselves;thepridetheyfeelinthemselves,andhowworthwhiletheyfeel.Self-esteemisimportantbecausefeelinggoodaboutyourselfcanaffecthowyouact.LifeBalanceIfyouwanttoachieveahealthylifestyleyoumusttakestepstoensureyoumaintainacertainlevelofbalance…spiritually,physically,emotionally,socially,mentallyandfinancially.Youneedtobalanceworkandfamily,andalltheotherareasofyourlifewithoutspreadingyourselftoothinandhavingaguilttripwhenyoudoonething,butthinkyoushouldbedoinganother.Allofthekeyareasofourlivesoverlapandinterlink,effectingeachother.Unlesswecreateforourselvessatisfactionineachandeverypartofourlife,wecannevertrulybefulfilled,orliveacontented,happyandhealthylife.Beinghealthyissoimportant.Justchangeonethinginyourlifetoday.Haveahealthylifebeginningnow.Livingahealthylifestylewillbringyouhappiness,healthandthelifeofyourdreams.Youcanfitintoyourfavouritepairofjeansagain.Youcanenjoyallthebenefitsthatperfecthealthoffersyou.Youcanfeelyourbestatalltimesoftheday.(1)Forpeopletohaveahealthylifestyle,whichofthefollowingisNotnecessary? A．Havingabalanceddietandsomeworkout. B．Occasionalmeditationandconstantregrets. C．Managingstressandkeepinglifebalance. D．Valuingthemselvesandtheirfamilies.(2)Thewriteradvisespeoplenotto_____. A．checktheirweightregularly B．releasetheiremotionalstress C．regretonethingwhiledoinganother D．includefitnessintheirschedules(3)Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage? A．HealthRoutine B．IdealHealth C．BenefitsofaHealthyLifestyle D．ComponentsofaHealthyLifestyleArchaeologistsarescientistswhosearchforcluesthathelpformaclearerpictureofthelivespeopleledinthepast.Archaeologyisamodernscience,butithasbeenevolvingforcenturies.Morethan2,400yearsago,theGreekhistorianHerodotusdescribedtheEgyptianpyramidsandothermonuments.Hemayhavebeenthefirstwritertoconsiderthatremainsandruinscouldprovideinformationforlatergenerations.Formorethanathousandyears,however,suchscholarswereobserversratherthanresearchers.Inthe1700s,scientistsandadventurersfromavarietyofcountriestraveledextensivelytoexploreancientsites.Digsthatarestillinprogressbeganin1709atHerculaneum,anItaliancityburiedinashduringtheexplosionofMountVesuviusinAD79.TheDanishscholarCarstenNiebuhrvisitedtheruinsofPersepolisintheMiddleEastin1765tostudycuneiformwriting(楔形文字).However,archaeologydidn'tbecomeawidelyrecognizedscienceandschoolsdidn'trecognizethesubjectasascholarlypursuituntilthe19thcentury.Thetermitselfwascoinedin1837.ItcomesfromaLatinwordmeaning"thestudyofantiquities(古物)".OneofthefirstarchaeologiststouseascientificapproachtothedisciplinewasHeinrichSchliemannofGermany,whointhelate19thcenturyinvestigatedtheancientcivilizationofthecityofTroy.Today,archaeologistsuncoverthepastinmanydifferentlocations,includingdesertsandjungles,atsitescalleddigs.Ancientsources,folktales,andlandscapefeaturescansuggestwherearchaeologistsshouldlook.Surveysofthelandhelpthemchoosesiteslikelytoprovideartifacts,theobjectsthatwillunlockthestoryofaparticularpeople—theirdailylives,theirbeliefs,andtheirtiestoothercultures.Asite,however,doesnothavetobeoldtobeinterestingtoanarchaeologist.Someprefertostudymorerecentsettlements.Onescientist,forinstance,studiescoalminingcampsinCaliforniabyexaminingthegarbagethatminersleftbehind.Archaeologistsmayworkforuniversities,museumsorgovernments,andsomeofthemareinvolvedineducatingthepublicabouttheimportanceofancientsites.Artifacthunterswhoareignorantofhistoryrobtheseplacesandsellwhattheyfindforafewdollarstoimmoraldealersinantiquities.(1)WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph1? A．Archaeologistsarescientistswhomainlyresearchonlivingcreatures. B．Scholarsobservedanddescribedruinsbetterthanresearchersdid. C．HerodotuswasthefirstarchaeologisttodiscovertheEgyptianpyramids. D．Remainsandruinswerecrucialtothestudyofthelivesofancientpeople.(2)Whichisthecorrecttimeorderoftheevents?①Theterm"archaeology"wascoined.②CarstenNiebuhrstudiedcuneiformwritinginPersepolis.③Scientistsandadventurersstartedtodigandexploreancientsites.④HeinrichSchliemanninvestigatedtheancientcivilizationofthecityofTroy. A．③②④① B．②③①④ C．③②①④ D．②①③④(3)Theunderlinedword"artifacts"inParagraph3means"_____". A．objectsthatwereproducednaturally B．objectsthatweremadebypeople C．objectsthatwereusedtoeducatethepublic D．objectsthatweredesertedbyancientpeople(4)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A．Ancientsitesareofgreatvalueanddeservetobeprotectedbythepublic. B．Iftheartifacthuntersknewthevalueoftheartifacts,theycouldsellthematahigherprice. C．Archaeologywasdifficultforstudentstolearnsoitwasnotwidelyrecognizedbeforethe19thcentury. D．Recentsettlementsaremoreimportantandattractalotofmodernarchaeologists.FrequencyhoppingtechnologyisabranchofspreadspectrumtechnologythatisthekeyelementinWi-Fi,cellphone,GPSsystem,communicationontheInternetandanti-jammingdevicesusedinmilitary.HedyLamarr,theinventoroffrequencyhoppingtechnologywasalsoafamousHollywoodactressinthemid-20thcentury.Herinventionpavedthewayforthedevelopmentofspreadspectrumthatisthebasementofmodernmobilecommunication.It'shardtoconnectanattractiveactresstoaseriousscientist.HedyLamarr,borninVienna,AustriaonNovember9,1913,wasbeautifulandsmart.ShewasthedaughterofarichbankerfromaJewishfamilyinAustria.AfterHedywasborn,hermothergaveupherpianistcareertocareforHedy.Hedy'sparentshadputhereducationinthepriority.Shetookballet,pianoandEuropeanlanguagelessonswithprivatetutorsatanearlyage.Shealsolearnedbasicconceptsofsignaltechnology.Attheageof16shequitschooltochaseherdreamofbecomingamoviestar.However,Hedy'smostremarkableachievementwasnotasanactressbutascientist.Herhusband,anarmsmerchant,alwaysbroughthertohisbusinessmeetingswherehetalkedaboutdevelopingdetectivedevices,radiosignalandweaponswithhisclients.Hedylistenedtotheirconversationscarefullyandherbrainwasalwaysinhighgear.Therefore,sheknewmissilesaimedattheenemycouldbepreventedfromreachingtheirtargetsbyjammingthesignals.In1941,withthehelpofmusicianGeorgeAntheil,Hedydesignedanewkindofsecretcommunicationsysteminspiredbypianowhichwastheearlyformoffrequencyhopping.HedyofferedherpatenteddevicetotheU.S.Militaryforfree.Unfortunately,thistechnologywasfaraheadofitstime,andthemilitaryestablishmentdidnottakeherinventionseriously.Afterherpatenthadexpiredin1960,theU.S.Armysecretlyputhertechnologyintotestingandproduction.AndHedywasneverpaidadimeonhertechnology.In1997,HedyLamarrwasgiventheElectronicFrontierFoundationAwardforherbrilliantworkinwirelesstechnologyandshebecamethefirstwomantoreceivetheBULBIEGnassSpiritofAchievementAwardin1998.(1)WhydidHedyLamarrquitschoolwhenshewas16yearsold? A．Becauseherparentscouldn'taffordhertuition. B．Becauseshewantedtobeascientist. C．Becauseshewasundergreatpressureofstudy. D．Becauseshelongedtobeamoviestar.(2)WhichofthefollowingdidNOTcontributetoHedyLamarr'sinvention? A．Hedy'sbasicknowledgeofsignaltechnology. B．Hedy'sactingexperiencesinHollywood. C．ThehelpfrommusicianGeorgeAntheil. D．Thebusinessmeetingsshewenttowithherhusband.(3)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean? A．Hedycouldn'tunderstandtheconversationsandfeltconfused. B．Hedywasdelightedinlisteningtotheconversations. C．Hedywasgoodatprocessinginformationandabsorbingknowledge. D．Hedyfeltverystressedandnervousatthebusinessmeeting.(4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage? A．Frequencyhoppingtechnologycanonlybeusedinverylimitedfields. B．Hedyishighlyrecognizedasanactressratherthanascientist. C．TheU.S.MilitaryvaluedHedy'sinventionbecauseitwasveryadvanced. D．Hedy'sinventioniscriticaltomodernmobilecommunication.Thesearecommondecision-makingexamplesindailylife.Apartfromthese,youshouldknowaboutotherdecision-makingexamples.Whetherwetalkaboutdecision-makingexamplesinourpersonallivesoratwork,wecanspotmanymoredecision-makingskillsexamples,somesoroutineyoudon'tevennoticethem.However,somedecisionscanhaveafar-reachingimpact.Initssimplestsense,decision-makingistheactofchoosingbetweentwoormorecoursesofaction.Inthewiderprocessofproblem-solving,decision-makinginvolveschoosingbetweenpossiblesolutionstoaproblem.Decisionscanbemadethrougheitheranintuitiveorreasonedprocess,oracombinationofthetwo.Intuitionisusingyour"gutfeeling"aboutpossiblecoursesofaction.Althoughpeopletalkaboutitasifitwasamagical"sense",intuitionisactuallyacombinationofpastexperienceandyourpersonalvalues.Itisworthtakingyourintuitionintoaccount,becauseitreflectsyourlearningaboutlife.Itis,however,notalwaysbasedonreality,onlyyourperceptions,manyofwhichmayhavestartedinchildhoodandmaynotbeverymatureasaresult.Itisthereforeworthexaminingyourgutfeelingclosely,especiallyifyouhaveaverystrongfeelingagainstaparticularcourseofaction,toseeifyoucanworkoutwhy,andwhetherthefeelingisjustified.Reasoningisusingthefactsandfiguresinfrontofyoutomakedecisions.Reasoninghasitsrootsinthehere-and-now,andinfacts.Itcan,however,ignoreemotionalaspectstothedecision,andinparticular,issuesfromthepastthatmayaffectthewaythatthedecisionisimplemented.Intuitionisaperfectlyacceptablemeansofmaking