2012年普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考英語試卷1201501卷（1-12頁）II卷（13頁，13頁。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或寫（非選擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上第1 （共105分I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwo Atendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid. Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.AtaB.AtahoC.AtaD.Atan2.A.C.D.A.Doctorand B.ShopownerandC.Secretaryand D.ReceptionistandA.Hewouldhavethrown$300 B.$300isnotenoughfortheC.Sandyshouldn'thavegiventhat D.DavemustbemadwiththeA.Shelivesclosetothe B.ShechangeshermindatC.Shewillturntoher D.Shedeclinestheman's B.3．A.BothofthemdrinktoomuchThewomandoesn'tLikecoffeeatTheyhelpeachotherstopdrinkingThemanisuninterestedinthewoman'sA.Hedoesn't.mindheltheHehesitateswhethertohelporHe'llhelpifthewomandoesn'tHecan'thelpmovetheA.He'snningtofindanewHepreferstokeephishouseinaHe'stoobusytocleanhisHehasalreadycleanedhisnewA.Shedoesn'tagreewiththeSheisgoodatfmdingacetoShecouldhardlyfindtheShehadnotravelexpei/enceinSectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingA.Use 's B.GiveorderstoC.Makedecisionsforthe D.ActasBigA.Employeesgain B.EmployeesoneC.Employees'childrenare D.EmployeesenjoyworkingA. B. C. D.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingA.Canadahadasmaller B.LandwascheaperinC.Theywantedtocontinuethe D.TheywereagainstA.TheystandardizedCanadianTheysettledthereaftertheTheyenjoyaveryhighsocialTheymakeupasmallpartoftheA.Itisconsidereduniquetosome B.ItisgreatlyinfluencedbyC.ItismainlylinkedtoBritish D.Itdatesbacktothelate17thSectionDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingCompletethe WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachII.Gr SectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.passion,peoplewon'thavethemotivationorthejoynecessaryforcreative Ishonestythebest?We thatitiswhenweareA.will B. C.are D.willbe A. B.to C. D.Thenewlawstatesthatpeople_driveafterdrinkingA. B. C. D.Onlywiththegreatestofluck toescapefromtherisingfloodA.managed B.she C.didshe D.shedid-IhearthatJasonisnningtobuya-Iknow.Bynextmonth,he enoughforausedA.willhave B.willbe C.has D.Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticed onehadhisnamewrittenA. B. C. D.Ihaveatightbudgetforthetrip,soI'mnotgoingtofly theairlineslowerticketA. C. D.WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshas _therightthingstoA.thinking B.tothink C.thought D. Thereismuchtruthintheidea kindnessisusuallyservedbyA. B. C. D.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom _youreceivedA. B. D.Theclub, _25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentA. B. C.being D.tobe-Wasitbycuttingdown _shesavedthe-No,itwasbyimprovingwork -We'veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthat-No, _IamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerandA. B. C. D."Genius"isacomplicatedconcept,_ _manydifferentfactors. Themapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhas _hegoestoanewA. B. C. D.Section Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.B.C.D.E.GH.I.J.Filmgoersshouldbetoldhowmanycaloriesthereareinthepopcorn,icecreamandsoftdrinksthattheybuyincinemas,accordingtotheFoodStandardAgency. TimSmith,chiefexecutiveoftheagency,toldThe77mesthatcinemasshouldhelptodealwiththecountry'soverweight "Thereisamisbeliefthatpopcornis ,butthatisnotthecase.Itis tous,"hesaid."Portionsizesarealsoabigissue,andthereseemstobeincreasinglybigpacksonHespokeasanumberoffoodchainssuchasPretAManger,WimpeyandTheRealGreek44toputcaloriecountsonalltheirs.Atrialscheme（試行方案）with21foodcompaniestookcelastsummer,and45thatconsumersalteredtheirbuyinghabitswhentheyrealisedthenumberofcaloriesinaAconsultation(征詢意見)onthetrialendsnextmonthbutMrSmithisalreadynningtheseconddriveforAmerican-stylecaloriecountsandis46towinsupportfromcinemasandotherentertainmentces,fromfootballgroundstoconcerthalls.ernment47suggestthattwothirdsofadultsandathirdofchildrenareoverweight.Iftrendsarenot48,thiscouldrisetoalmostnineintenadultsandtwothirdsofchildrenby2050,puttingthemat49riskofheartdisease,cancerandotherdiseases.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD. Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.PeopleonacollegecampusweremorelikelytogivemoneytotheMarchofDimesiftheywereaskedforadonationbyadisabledwomaninawheelchairthanifaskedbyanondisabledwoman.Inanother ,subwayridersinNewYorksawamancarryingastickstumble（腳）andfalltothefloor.Sometimesthevictimhadalargeredbirthmarkonhis sometimeshedidnot.Inthissituation,thevictimwasmorelikelyt0 aidifhisfacewasspotlessthanifhehadanunattractivebirthmark.In53theseandotherresearchfindings,twothemesare54:wearemorewillingtohelppeoplewelikeforsomereasonandpeoplewethink_55_assistance.Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.56,inafieldstudyresearcherscedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinaephoneboxattheairport.Theapplicationwasreadytobe57,buthadapparentlybeen"lost".Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58 andsometimesthatofalessattractive .Themeasureofhelwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59theapplicationiftheinthephotowasphysicallyThedegreeof_60betweenthepotentialhelperand inneedisalsoForexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner.Inonestudy,shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpawearinga(n) T-shirtthana wearingaT-shirtprintedwithoffensiveWhethera receiveshelpdependsinpartonthe"worth"ofthecase.Forexample,shoppersinasupermarketweremorelikelytogivesomeone. 62_tobuymilkratherthantobuy s,probablybecausemilkisthoughtmoreessentialfor s.PassengersonaNewYorksubwayweremorelikelytohelpamanwhofelltothegroundifheappearedto ratherthan A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. B. C. D. A.At B.Aboveal C.In D.For A. B.good- C. D.hard-A.send B.throw C.fill D.turnA. B. C. D. B. A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.PhilWhitehasjustreturnedfroman18,OOO-,around-the-worldbicycletrip.Whitehadtworeasonsformakingthisepicjourney.Firstofall,hewantedtousethetriptoraisemoneyforcharity,whichhedid.Heraised~70,000fortheBritishcharity,Oxfam.White'ssecondreasonformakingthetripwastobreaktheworldrecordand ethefastest tocyclearoundtheworld.Heisstillwaitingtofindoutifhehasbrokentherecordornot.WhitesetofffromTrafalgarSquare,inLondon,on19thJune2004andwasback299dayslater.Hespentmorethanl,300hoursinthesaddle（車座）anddestroyedfoursetsoftyresandthreebikechains.HehadtheadventureofhislifecrossingEurope,theMiddleEast,,Asia,AustraliaNewZealandandtheAmericasAmazingly,hedidallofthiswithabsoluynosupportteamNojeepcarryingfood,waterandmedicineNodoctor.Nothing!Justabikeandavery,verylongroad.Thejourneywaslonelyanddesperateattimes.Healsohadtofighthiswayacrossdeserts,throughjunglesandovermountains.Hecycledthroughheavyrainsandtemperaturesofupt045degrees,alltohelppeopleinneed.Therewereotherdangersalongtheroad.InIran,hewaschasedbyarmedrobbersandwasluckytoescapewithhislifeandthelittlemoneyhehad.TheworstthingthathappenedtohimwashavingtocycleintoaheadwindonaroadthatcrossesthesouthofAustralia.Forl,000kilometreshebattledagainstthewindthatwasconstantlypushinghim.Thispartofthetripwasslow,hardworkanddepressing,buthemadeitintheend.NowMr.Whiteisbackandintendstowriteabookabouthisadventures.WhenPhilWhitereturnedfromhistrip,hebroketheworld B.collectedmoneyforC.destroyedseveral D.travelledaboutl,300Whatdoestheword"epic"inParagraphlmostprobablyVeryslowbut B.VerylongandC.Verysmoothbut D.VerylonelyandDuringhisjourneyaroundtheworld,PhilWhite foughtheroicallyagainstrobbersinexperiencedtheextremesofheatandmanagedtorideagainstthewindinhadateamofpeoplewhotravelledwithWhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribePhilA. B. C. D.Thevalue-packed,all-inclusivesight-seeingpackagethatcombinesthebestofSydney'sharbour,city,bayandbeachASydneyPassgivesyouunlimitedandflexibletravelontheExplorerBusesthe'red'SydneyExplorershowsyouaroundourexcitingcitysightswlrilethe'blue'BondiExplorervisitsSydneyHarbourbaysandfamousbeaches.Taketothewaterononeofthreemagnificentdailyharbourcru/ses(游船YoucanalsotravelonregularSydneyBuses,SydneyFerriesorCityRailservices(limitedarea),soyoucangotoeverycornerofthisbeautifulcity.ImaginebrowsingatDarlingHarbour,samplingthefamousseafoodatWatsonsBayorenjoyingthecitylightsonaneveningferrycruise.ThepossibilitiesandnsareendlesswithaSydneyPass.Whereveryoudecidetogo,rememberthatbookingsarenotrequiredonanyofourservicessoticketsaretreatedonafirstin,firstseatedbasis.SydneyPassesareavai-lablefor3,50r7daysforuseovera7calendardayperiod.Witha3or5daypassyouchooseonwhichdaysoutofthe7youwanttouseitAllSydneyPassesincludeaAirportExpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3,50r7days,andLhereturntripisvalid(育效的for2monthsfromthefirstdayyourticketwasSydneyPass*Achildisdefinedasanyonefromtheagesof4yearstounder~6yers.Children under4yearstravel **Afamilyisdefinedas2adultsandanynumberofchildrenfrom4tounder16yearsofagefromthesamefamily.ASydneyPassdoesn7tofferunlimitedridestheExplorer B.theharbourC.regularSydney D.CityRailWithaSydneyPass,atraveller savefaresfromandtothe B.taketheSydneyExplorertoC.enjoythefamousseafoodforD.reserveseatseasilyinaIf5-dayticketswereto mendedtoamotherwhotravelledwithher

herchildren,aged3,6and10,whatwouldthelowestcostA. B.C. D.$42ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexinwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame"fight-or-flight"reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseicherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysical("fight"),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation("flight").However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefight-or-flightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled"tendandbefriend."Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung("tend"),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers-especiallyotherfemales《Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefight-or-flightreactiontostress,animportantroleisyedbycertainhormones(澈素releasedbythebodyTheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletend-or-befriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofcFuldbirt.h,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.SeyE.Taylor,exinedthat"animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocialandlessanxious."Whilemenalsosecrete【分泌）oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefar.morelikelymentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,cowithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexinthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstress-relateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetend-and-befriendregulatory(調節(jié)的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexinwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomen turntofriendsforsolveafindanescapefromseekcomfortfromWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtotheMenhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomenOxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandBothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofOxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonWhatcanbelearnedfromtheMalehormoneshelpbuildupthebody'stoInafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherBiologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestoTheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchWhichofthefollowingmightbethebestti.tleoftheHowmenandwomengetoverHowmenandwomensufferfromHow estressHowresearchershandlestress-relatedSectionDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.WhenachildshouldlearntoWhyitisfuntoteachachildWhatifachildhasreadingHowyouprepareayoungchildforWhatisthebestwaytoteachachildWhetherreadingearlypromiseslaterLearningtoreadearlyhas eoneofthoseindicators-inparents'mindsatleast–thattheirchildissmart.Infact,readingearlyhasverylittletodowithwhetherachildissuccessfulacademically.Researchhasshownthatdifficultywithreadingisoftenduenottoinferiorinligencebuttodifferencesinthedevelopmentalwiringofeachindividualchild.Insomecases,thereareneurologicalproblemsanddevelopmentallagsthatcanbe ewithpropertraining.Traditionally,Americanschoolsteachchildrenatagesix,butmanyschoolsbeginteachinginformallyinkindergartenandpre-kindergarten.Ifparentsstarttooearlytoencouragereading,andachilddoesnotimmediaysucceed,theparenthasahardtimerelaxingandlettingthechildgoathisorherownpace.Overtheyears,researchhasprovedthattheuseofboththee&wholelanguage"methodandthe"phonic"methodworksbestforachildtomasterreading.Whilethewholelanguageapproach,whichincludesreadingtochildrenandgettingtheminterestedinboththeactivityofreadingandthestorytheyarereading,ishelpful,phonicsmustbetaught.Childrenmustbetaughtthatoneofthesquigglestheyseeisa"p"andanothera"b".Gettingtheprintoffthepagerequiresadifferentabilitythanbeingabletounderstandthemeaningofwhatiswritten.Youcanstartdevelotheskillsneededinreadingataveryyoungagewithoutputtinganypressureonchildren.Besidesreadingtothem,parentscanstart"eartraining"theirchildbyyingthymegames.Thisdevelopsthechild'sabilitytorecognizedifferentsounds.Inreadingtochildren,parentsalsocanpointtowordsastheygo,teachingthechildthatthefunnylinesonthepagearethewordsyouaresaying.Allthisshouldbeafunactivity.Onceachildisinschool,thelearningofreadingisinevitablymoreserious.Forchildrenwhohavesomekindofreadingdifficulty,youmustgetaprofessionaldiagnosis.Whiletheteachermightsaythechildismerelydisinterestedbutwillgetoverit,disinterestorpoorperformanceinreadingcanstemfromanumberofthings,somebeingveryspecificlearningdisabilitiesthatcanbeidentifiedandworkedon.Butitisverytrickyforparentstodealwiththeirownchild'slearningSectionDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Whilecontactbetweenadolescents(betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen)andtheirpeerscrd齡人isauniversalcharacteristicofallculturesthenatureandthedegreeofsuchcontactvaryagreatdealInAmericancontemporarysocietyadolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenoradults.Thispatternofagesegregation()inAmericansocietydidnot eusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkceseparatedchildrenadults,withadultsworHngandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkcehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithandg