2015.11Section1：English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TheRepublicofIrelandisasovereignstateinWesternEurope,occupyingaboutfive-sixthsoftheislandofIreland.ThecapitalandlargestcityisDublin,whosemetropolitanareaishometoaroundathirdofthecountry’s4.6millioninhabitants.ThestatesharesitsonlylandborderwithNorthernIreland.Itisaunitary,parliamentaryrepublicwithanelectedpresidentservingasheadofstate.Theheadofgovernmentisnominatedbythelowerhouseofparliament.FollowingtheIrishWarofIndependenceandthesubsequentAnglo-IrishTreaty,IrelandgainedindependencefromtheUnitedKingdomin1922.Initiallyadominion,IrelandreceivedofficialBritishrecognitionoffulllegislativeindependenceintheStatuteofWestminsterof1931.Anewconstitutionwasadoptedin1937,bywhichthenameofthestatebecame“Ireland.”In1949,IrelandwasdeclaredarepublicundertheRepublicofIrelandact1948.IrelandranksamongthewealthiestcountriesintheworldintermsofGDPpercapita.In1973,Irelandenactedaseriesofliberaleconomicpoliciesthatresultedinrapideconomicgrowth,coupledwithadramaticriseininequality.Thecountryachievedconsiderableprosperityfrom1995to2007.Thiswashaltedbyanunprecedentedfinancialcrisisthatbeganin2008,inconjunctionwiththeconcurrentglobaleconomiccrash.In2011and2013Irelandwasrankedastheseventh-mostdevelopedcountryintheworldbytheUnitedNationsHumanDevelopmentIndex.Italsoperformswellinseveralmetricsofnationalperformance,includingfreedomofthepress,economicfreedomandcivilliberties.Itpursuesapolicyofneutralitythroughnon-alignment.ThepopulationofIrelandstoodat4,588,252in2011,anincreaseof8.2percentsince2006.Asof2011,IrelandhadthehighestbirthrateintheEuropeanUnion(16birthsper1,000ofpopulation).In2012,35.1percentofbirthsweretounmarriedwomen.Annualpopulationgrowthratesexceeded2percentduringthe2002-2006period,whichwasattributedtohighratesofnaturalincreaseandimmigration.Thisratedeclinedsomewhatduringthesubsequent2006-2011period,withanaveragegrowthrateof1.6percent.Irelandranksfifthintheworldintermsofgenderequality.In2011,IrelandwasrankedthemostcharitablecountryinEurope,andsecondmostcharitableintheworld.ContraceptionwascontrolledinIrelanduntil1979,however,therecedinginfluenceoftheCatholicChurchhasledtoanincreasinglysecularizedsociety.In1983,theEighthAmendmentrecognized“therighttolifeoftheunborn”,subjecttoqualificationsconcerningthe“equalrighttolife”ofthemother.ThepassageoftheThirteenthandFourteenthAmendmentsguaranteestherighttohaveanabortionperformedabroad,andtherighttolearnabout“services”thatareillegalinIreland,butlegalabroad.Theprohibitionondivorceinthe1937Constitutionwasrepealedin1995undertheFifteenthAmendment.DivorceratesinIrelandareverylowcomparedtoEuropeanUnionaverageswhilethemarriagerateinIrelandisslightlyabovetheEuropeanUnionaverage.CapitalpunishmentisconstitutionallybannedinIreland,whilediscriminationbasedonage,gender,sexualorientation,maritalorfamilialstatus,religionandraceisillegal.Irelandbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtointroduceanenvironmentallevyforplasticshoppingbagsin2002andapublicsmokingbanin2004.RecyclinginIrelandiscarriedoutextensivelyandIrelandhasthesecondhighestrateofpackagingrecyclingintheEuropeanUnion.Section2：Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)沖突對(duì)抗，是構(gòu)建中美新型大國(guó)關(guān)系的必要前提。有研究顯示，歷史上大約有過(guò)15次新興大國(guó)的崛起，其中有11次與既有大國(guó)之間發(fā)生了對(duì)抗和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但現(xiàn)在的世界已今非昔比，中美之間乃至全球各國(guó)之間已是日趨緊密的利益共同體，對(duì)抗將是雙輸，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)沒(méi)有出路。不沖突、不對(duì)抗的宣示，就是要順應(yīng)全球化潮流，改變對(duì)中美關(guān)系的負(fù)面預(yù)期，解決兩國(guó)之間的戰(zhàn)略互不信，構(gòu)建對(duì)中美關(guān)系前景的正面信心。相互尊重，是構(gòu)建中美新型大國(guó)關(guān)系的基本原則。世界是多樣的，中美作為兩個(gè)社會(huì)制度不同、歷史文化背景各異，同時(shí)又利益相互交織的大國(guó)，相互尊重就顯得尤為重要。我們只有相互尊重對(duì)方人民選擇的制度與道路，相互尊重彼此的核心利益與關(guān)切，才能求同存異，進(jìn)而聚同化異，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩國(guó)的和諧相處。個(gè)特殊的國(guó)家體制，這些自治領(lǐng)是自治國(guó)家，但是沒(méi)有立法權(quán)。另外“StatuteofWestminsterof1931”指的是1931年英國(guó)議會(huì)通過(guò)的“威斯敏斯特條例”。它是關(guān)于處理英聯(lián)邦內(nèi)部關(guān)系的重要法律。它賦予加拿大、澳大利亞、南非、愛(ài)爾蘭等前英國(guó)殖民地以完全的立法權(quán)。第七段中“therecedinginfluenceoftheCatholicChurch”比較難理解，這里的背景是，羅馬天主教一直是愛(ài)爾蘭的主要宗教，信奉天主教人口達(dá)到90%，但由于基督教在愛(ài)爾蘭的傳播，天主教的影響力正逐漸下降。Section2參考譯文(官方譯文)“Noconflictorconfrontation”istheprerequisiteforthenewmodelofmajor-countryrelationsbetweenus.Accordingtosomestudyofhistory,therehavebeenabout15casesofriseofemergingpowers.In11cases,confrontationandwarbrokeoutbetweentheemergingandtheestablishedpowers.However,wenowliveinadifferentworld.ChinaandtheUnitedStatesandinfactallcountriesintheworldarepartofacommunityofsharedinterests.Countriesareincreasinglyinterconnected.Neitherofuswillbenefitfromconfrontation.Warwillgetusnowhere.“Noconflictorconfrontation”meansthatweneedtofollowthetrendofglobalization,reversenegativeprojectionsofChina-USrelations,addressstrategicdistrustandbuildconfidenceinthefutureofChina-USrelations.“Mutualrespect”isabasicprincipleforthisnewmodel.Weliveinaworldofrichdiversity.ForChinaandtheUnitedStates,twomajorcountriesdifferentinsocialsystem,historyandcultureyetconnectedbyintertwinedinterests,mutualrespectisallthemoreimportant.Onlybyrespectingeachother’ssystemandpathchosenbytheirpeople,aswellaseachother’scoreinterestsandconcernscanweseekcommongroundwhilereservingdifferencesand,onthatbasis,expandcommongroundanddissolvedifferencessothatChinaandtheUnitedStateswillbeabletolivetogetherinharmony.“Win-wincooperation”istheonlywaytoturnthevisionintoareality.Thereisanenormousneedandvastpotentialforbilateralcooperationinallfields.Besides,theworldcertainlyneedsChinaandtheUnitedStates,twomajorcountrieswithgreatinfluence,toworktogetherandcontributeonissuesrangingfr