2022年山東省棗莊市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Thefirstuseoftheterm'organicfarming'isusuallycreditedto______inhis1940book,LooktotheLand.

3.

Researchshowsthenewmethodofsolvingproblemsingroupsandapplyingtheirknowledgeinrealworldisbetterthan______.

4.

Ifadrugcanbringgreatbenefittoapatient,thepatientmaybewillingtotakethedrugevenwiththeriskfor______.

5.

OnthewaytoLochLomond,touristscanseelocalanimalslike______.

A.ordinarycattle

B.activegoats

C.recklesscattle

D.black-facedsheep

6.

Besideshisbasicsalaryofabout5500yuan,theforeignteacheralsogets______.

7.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardsamixtureofbloodbetweendogsandwolves?

A.It'snotencouraged.

B.It'sstronglyprotested.

C.It'swarmlywelcomed.

D.It'srespondedindifferently.

8.AccordingtoDr.PeterDiot,______couldbepowerfulenoughtopreventHIVtransmission.

9.

Somebusinessmenhavefoundit______byputtingusersintovideo-game-likevirtualworlds.

10.

Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

11.Whatwillhappeninthemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifweconsumeresourcesmuchfasterthantheirreplacement?

A.WecanhaveanotherplanetcalledtheEarth.

B.WewilluseupresourcesonEarth.

C.Wewillworkoutreplaceableresources.

D.Wewillmigratetoanotherplanettolive.

12.Governmentinsuranceprogramsdonotinclude______.

A.Latinochildren

B.Hispanicpeople

C.low-incomeadults

D.undocumentedimmigrants

13.

Themostcommonfaultamongpoorreadersistilehabitualmakingoftoomany______.

14.

Afterninemonths,individualtemperamentsbecame______asthebabies□schedulesbecameestablished.

15.Whatdowelearnabouttheboundariesofchoiceblindness?

A.Theboundariesareimpossibletobemarked.

B.Itoccursonlywhendecisionsarenotimportant.

C.Itcouldhappeneveninthesignificantevents.

D.Brideswon'thavechoiceblindnessintheweddings.

16.UniversitiesBranchOut

Fromtheirstudentbodiestotheirresearchpractices,universitiesarebecomingmoreglobal.

ByRichardLevin

Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyarethelocusofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavepropelledtheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirespectrumofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborativeresearchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sIvyLeagueinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofnewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinathevastmajorityofnewlyhiredfacultyatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.

Whataretheconsequencesoftheseshiftsamongthehighlyeducated?Considerthis:onthenightaftertheattacksontheWorldTradeCenter,JewishstudentsatYale(mostofthemAmerican)cametogetherwithMuslimstudents(mostofthemforeign)toorganizeavigil.Orthis:everyyearthestudent-runForumforAmerican/ChineseExchangeatStanford(FACES)organizesconferencesinbothChinaandatStanford,bringingtogetherstudentsfrombothcountrieschosentodiscussSino-U.S.relationswithleadingexperts.Theleadersofstudentgroupspromotinginternationalcollaborationareintouchwitheachotherdailyviae-mailandSkype,technologiesthatnotonlyfacilitatecooperativeprojectsbutalsoincreasethelikelihoodofcreatinglifelongpersonalties.Thebottomline:theflowofstudentsacrossnationalborders--studentswhoaredisproportionatelylikelytobecomeleadersintheirhomecountries--enablesdeepermutualunderstanding,toleranceandglobalintegration.

Aspartofthis,universitiesareencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateexperienceinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsaremobilizingtheiralumnitohelpplacestudentsinsummerinternshipsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,off

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

StudydoneinSwissandCornellUniversityindicatedthatBtcropscouldhaveunreasonableadverseeffectsoninsectsinthefield.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.Canadianmediaoftenciteexcessivefishingbyoverseasfleets,primarilybecauseof______.

19.

Organicfoodisnotnecessarilybetterthanconventionalfoodintermsofnutrition,safetyortaste.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

AnE-languagelearningsystemcalledChengoishopefultohelpchildrenlearnChineseforthissoftwarecaptures______withstories,gamesandanimationsbasedonthe2008Olympics.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽(tīng)力原文：Atonetime,CarolynMcCarthy'sworldfocusedonthetown,whereshelivedwithherhusbandandsonandshewas,inherownwords,an"averageperson"and"oneofthequietestpeopleyou'devermeet."

Theincidentthatchangedherlifeforevertookplaceonthedaywhenagunmanopenedfireinacarpackedwithcommutersontheirwayhomefromwork.(29)Bythetimetheshootingwasstopped,sixpeoplewerefatallywoundedoneofthemMcCarthy'shusband.Herson,alsoonthetrain,waspartiallyparalyzedforlife.

AsMcCarthywrestledwithhergriefandanger,sheswore(30)shewoulddosomethingtohelpstopAmerica'splagueofgun-relatedviolence.Shebegantalkingtoanyonewhowouldlistenandstartedworkingwithguncontrolorganizations.Intheprocess,shefoundherselfaddressingcitizens'groupsallacrossLongIsland.Aspeoplestartedlistening,shehadtoadaptherconversationalabilitiestolargeraudiencesandmoreformalspeakingsituations.Thespontaneousgive-and-takeofconversationevolvedintostructuralpublicspeeches.

WhentheU.S.CongressmaninMcCarthy'sdistrictvotedtorepealthefederalbanonassaultweapons,McCarthytookherspeechmakingtoanewlevelandsheannouncedhercandidacyforCongress.(31)Hergreatchallengecamefivemonthslater,whensheaddressedanationaltelevisionaudienceinChicago.

Firedbythebelief,McCarthyspokemovinglyaboutherjourneyintopoliticsandaboutthetollthatgunviolencetakesinAmericansociety.(32)Oftenaddressingseveralaudiencesaday,shecommunicatedherideassoeffectivelythatshewaselectedtotheUSCongressbyacomfortablemargin.

29．WhatchangedMcCarthy'slife?

30.WhatwereMcCarthy'sspeechesabout?

31.WhatwasMcCarthy'sgreatchallengeaftersheannouncedhercandidacyforCogress?

32.WhywasMcCarthyelectedtotheUSCongress?

(33)

A.Agunattackhappenedtoherhusbandandson.

B.Hersonwasparalyzedinacaraccident.

C.Americawasplaguedbygun-relatedviolence.

D.Herhusbandwasinvolvedinagunviolence.

22.【B10】

23.(21)

A.Becauseitisagainstthelaw.

B.BecausethemanisnotamemberofTerry'sfamily.

C.Becausethewomancannotfindthetest.

D.BecauseTerrywastoosicktotakethetest.

24.

【B7】

25.(34)

A.WomencriminalsinScotland.

B.Criminalswhoaregivenlongsentences.

C.Criminalswhoaregivenshortsentences.

D.CriminalsinScotland.

26.聽(tīng)力原文：Ourcultureisconcernedwithmattersofself-esteem.Self-respect,ontheotherhand,mayholdthekeytoachievingthepeaceofmindweseek.Thetwoconceptsseemverysimilarbutthedifferencesbetweenthemarecrucial.

Toesteemanythingistoevaluateitpositivelyandholdithighregard,butevaluationgetsusintotroublebecausewhilewesometimeswin,wealsosometimeslose.Torespectsomething,ontheotherhand,istoacceptit.

Thewordacceptancesuggeststosomereadersthatourculturedoesindeeddealwiththisideaofself-respect;afterall,don'twehavetheconceptthatitisimportanttoacceptourlimitations?Aren'tmanyofusencouragedtochangethethingswecanchange,acceptthethingswecannotchangeandknowthedifferencebetweenthetwo?

Thepersonwithself-respectsimplylikesherselforhimself.Thisself-respectisnotdependentonsuccessbecausetherearealwaysfailurestocontendwith.Neitherisitaresultofcomparingourselveswithothersbecausethereisalwayssomeonebetter.Therearetechniquesusuallyemployedtoincreaseself-esteem.Self-respect,however,isagiven.Wesimplylikeourselvesbecauseofwhoweareandnotbecauseofwhatwecanorcannotdo.

Myrecentresearch,withJudithWhiteandJohnnyWalshatHarvardUniversity,pointstotheadvantageofself-respect.Comparedtothosewithhighself-esteemwhoarestillcaughtinanevaluativeframework,thosewithself-respectarelesspronetoblame,guilt,regret,lies,havesecretsandstress.

29．Whatdowelearnaboutself-esteem?

30.Whatdowelearnaboutpeoplewithself-respect?

31.Whatdoesthespeakermeanbysaying"Self-respectisagiven"?

32.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?

(33)

A.Itisthesameasself-respect.

B.Itistotallydifferentfromself-respect.

C.Itistoevaluatepositivelyandholdhighregard.

D.Itistothinkonlythepositiveevenwhenwelose.

27.

【B10】

28.聽(tīng)力原文：M：Richpeopledon'tuseviolencetosteal．Theyusecomputersandlawyers．

W：Atleastacomputerwon'tshootandkillpeople．Ithinkviolentcrimeismorehorriblethanwhitecollarcrime．

Q：Whatdotheytalkabout?

(14)

A.Richpeople.B.Computersandlawyers.C.Amurder.D.Crime.

29.(36)

A.TheGermanteam.

B.TheBritishteam.

C.TheBrazilianTeam.

D.TheAmericanteam.

30.(26)

A.In1832.B.In1823.C.In1812.D.In1823.

31.(47)

32.聽(tīng)力原文：Americansnowspendmoremoneyonfastfoodthantheydoonhighereducation,personalcomputers,softwareornewcars.Therapidgrowthofthefast-foodindustryhasbeendrivenbyfundamentalchangesintheU.S.economy.ThehourlywageoftheaverageAmericanworkerpeakedin1973andthensteadilydeclineduntillastyear.Womenenteredtheworkforceinrecordnumbers,oftenmotivatedlessbyfeminismthanbyaneedtohelppaythebills.In1975,aboutathirdofAmericanmotherswithyoungchildrenworkedoutsidethehome;todayabouttwo-thirdsofsuchmothersareemployed.AsthesociologistsCameronLynneMacdonaldandCarmenSiriannihavenoted,theentryofwomenintothenation'sworkforcehasgreatlyincreaseddemandforthetypesofservicesthathousewivestraditionallyperformed:cooking,cleaningandchild-care.Thefast-foodindustryhasbenefitedfromthesedemographicchanges,supplyingatlowcostthemealsnolongerpreparedinthehomeandhiringatlowwagesmillionsofyoungwomeninneedofextraincome.

TheMcDonald'sCorp.hasbecomeapowerfulsymbolofAmerica'sserviceeconomy,therectornowresponsibleforninetypercentofthecountry'snewjobs.In1968,McDonald'soperatedabout1,000restaurants.Todayithasabout23,000restaurantsworldwideandopensroughly2,000newoneseachyear.AnestimatedoneofeveryeightAmericanshasworkedatMcDonald's.ThecompanyannuallytrainsmorenewworkersthantheU.S.Army.McDonald'sisthenation'slargestpurchaserofbeefandpotatoes.Itisthesecond-largestpurchaserofpoultry.

(33)

A.Becausetheyaremotivatedbyfeminism.

B.Becausetheyhavetoownmoneytosupporttheirfamily.

C.Becausetheydon'thavetotakecaretheirbabies.

D.Becausetheirhusbandwantthemtowork.

33.(31)

A.Theylivedaluxuriouslifeandtheirdietwasverydelicate.

B.Theylivedahighlycivilizedcourtlife.

C.Theylivedaprimitivelifeandtheirtablemannerwasoftenrude.

D.Theylivedacomparativelyluxuriousbutnotsocivilizedlife.

34.聽(tīng)力原文：Aworld-championbodybuilderhasnomoremusclesthandoesa90-poundweakling.Sowhatmakeshimsostrong?Whatotherqualitiesdoesbeneed?

Musclesaremadeofthousandsofstringyfibers—anumberthatisfixedduringchildhood—whichcontractwhendoingwork.Strengthdoesnotdependonthenumberoffibersbutonthefunctionoftheirthicknessandhowmanyofthemcontractsimultaneously.

Exerciseactuallydamagesthemuscles.Duringtherecoverystage,themusclefibersincreaseinsize.Exercisealsotrainsmoremusclefiberstoworkatonetime.Ifamuscleisweakoruntrained,forexample,onlyabout10percentofitsfiberswillcontract,whereasupto90percentofthefibersinaweightlifter'sbulkybicepswillcontract.

Asidefromstrength,twootheringredientsgointomakinganathlete:fitnessandendurance.Fitnessisrelatedtotheconditionoftheheart.Duringexercises,thereisanincreaseintheamountofbloodreturningtotheheartfromthemuscles.Atypicalvolumeforarunneratrestisabout5quartsaminutes,comparedwith30quartsduringavigoroustrial.Thisgreatervolumemeansmoreworkfortheheartamuscularballoonthatexpandsandcontractstotakeinbloodandsqueezeitout.Likeanyothermuscle,theheartenlargesandgetsstrongerwithroutineexercise.

Endurance,orthelengthoftimemusclescanwork,dependsinpartonhowmuchfuel—inthiscasesugar—themusclescanstore.Amusclethatiscontinuallyexerciseduntilitisexhaustedofsugartendstostoremorewhenitrefuelsatthenextmeal.Andmoresugarcantranslateintogreaterendurancethenexttimethemuscleisputtothetest.

(33)

A.Becausethefibersofhismusclesareverythick.

B.Becausehehasmoremuscles.

C.Becausehismusclesaremadeofmorestringyfibers.

D.Becausethenumberofhismuscleswasfixedduringhischildhood.

35.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：[26]InAmerica,driver'seducationispartoftheregularhighschoolcurriculum.Everystudentinhisorhersecondyearofhighschoolisrequiredtotakeaclassindriver'seducation.However,unlikeothercourses,itisnotgivenduringtheregularschoolyear.Insteaditisasummercourse.

[27]Thecourseisdividedupintotwoparts:classtimeforlearninglawsandregulationsanddrivingtimetopractisedriving.Classtimeisnotunlikeanyotherclass.Thestudentshaveatextfromwhichtheystudythebasiclawstheymustknow.Drivingtimeisachanceforthestudentstopractisestartingsteering,backingup,parking,switchinglanes,turningcomers,andalltheothermaneuversrequired.Eachstudentisrequiredtodriveatotalofsixhours.Thestudentsaredividedupintogroupsoffour.Thestudentsandtheinstructorgooutdrivingfortwohours.Thus,eachstudentgetshalfanhourdrivingtimeperouting.Theinstructorandthe"driver"sitinthefrontseatsandtheotherthreestudentssitintheback.

[28]Driver'seducationcarsareunlikeothercarsinwhichtheyhavetwosetsofbrakes,oneonthedriver'ssideandoneontheothersidewheretheinstructorsits.Thus,ifthestudentdrivershouldrunintodifficultiestheinstructorcantakeover.Thecaralsohasanotherspecialfeature.[281Onthetopofthecarisasignthatreads:STUDENTDRIVER.Thatletsnearbydriversknowthattheyshoulduseextracautionbecausethestudentdriverisnotveryexperiencedandpronetodrivingslowly.

(27)

A.Itisconsideredtobepartofthesecondaryeducation.

B.Itisgiventoanyonewantingtogetadriver'slicense.

C.Itiscarriedonatthesametimeasotherschoolcourses.

D.Itisofferedtoallteenagersfreeofcharge.

36.聽(tīng)力原文：Britainhasavariableclimate.Theweatherchangessofrequentlythatitisdifficulttoforecast.Itisnotunusualforpeopletocomplainthattheweathermanwaswrong.Fortunately,asBritaindoesnotexperienceextremeweatherconditions,itisneververycoldorveryhot.Thetemperaturerarelyrisesabove32℃insummer,orfallsbelow—10℃inwinter.

Summersaregenerallycool,butduetoglobalwarmingtheyarestartingtogetdrierandhotter.Newspapersduringahotspelltalkof"heatwaves"andan"Indiansummer"—dry,hotweatherinSeptemberorOctober.HotweathercausesterriblecongestionontheroadsasBritonsrushtothecoastalresorts.

Wintersaregenerallymild,withthemostfrequentandprolongedsnowfallsintheScottishHighlands,whereitispossibletogoskiing.IfitdoessnowheavilyinotherpartsofBritain,thecountryoftencomestoastandstill.Trains,busesandplanesarelate.Peopleenjoydiscussingthesnow,complainingaboutthecoldandcomparingtheweatherconditionswithpreviouswinters!

Contrarytothepopularopinion,itdoesnotrainallthetime.Thereiscertainlysteadyrainfallthroughoutmostoftheyear,butthemonthsfromSeptembertoJanuaryarethewettest.Thankstotherain,Britainhasarichlyfertilecountrysidewhichisfamousforitsdeepgreencolour.

Sincethe1950s,mostBritishcitieshaveintroducedcleanairzones.Factoriesandhousescannotburncoalandmustusesmokelessfuel.Thedirtcausedbysmokeusedtocauseterriblefogs,particularlyinLondon.Londonersusedtocalltheirfogs"LondonParticulars"andyoucouldnotseeyourhandinfrontofyou.Suchfogsarenowathingofthepast,butyoucanstillseetheminoldfilmswheretheyaddmysteryandatmospheretomurderstoriesandthrillers!

(30)

A.It'sunusual.

B.It'ssharp.

C.It'smoderate.

D.It'sunnoticeable.

37.(16)

A.Theyshouldwaitpatiently.

B.Theyshouldaskthatmantoleave.

C.Theyshouldservethatmanimmediately.

D.Thatmanisoldenoughtoorderthingshelikes.

38.(19)

A.ThecredithoursrequiredforanMPAdegree.

B.ThebasicrequirementsforenteringHumanResourcesDepartment.

C.TakingsomeoptionalcoursesinEnglish.

D.GettingextracreditsforanMPAprogram.

39.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Carlearnedalotofmoneyoverthesummervacationasaconsultanttothatcompany.

W:Idon'tdoubtit.Whatsurprisesmeisthathe'sstillworkingtherenowthatclassesareabouttostartagain.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanSayaboutCarl?

(19)

A.Shedoubtshemakesmuchmoneynow.

B.She'ssurprisedthathechosethatcompany.

C.Shedoesn'tknowwhenherclassesstarted.

D.Shewonderswhyhe'skepthisjob.

40.聽(tīng)力原文：Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariedjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworkers'lifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,thevarietyisnotanimportantfactor.

Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportantandthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thuswhilefreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonesmallpartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanonelargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisthedegreeofworkers'contributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.

Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem.

(33)

A.Becausethiskindoffreedomwillmaketheadministrationofthefactoryatoughjob.

B.Becausethemachinesinthefactoryarecomplicatedandshouldnotbeoperatedatwill.

C.Becausethemanagementconsiderthisfreedomnotimportant.

D.Becauseworkersusuallydoubtthetruthofthisfreedomofchoice.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetradition,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilized,itmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchy(等級(jí),階層)amonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,mistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgrantsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyif"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefiftyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequitingnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishedmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that");somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressedorremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

ThelanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternLanguagesarelimitedin______.

A.grammaticalstructures

B.soundpatterns

C.vocabularies

D.hierarchy

42.

Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"therewasonepast-historyratherthanhistories"?

A.Historyisahumanchoicewhichcannotberemade.

B.Everylanguagehasitsownwayofdescribingthepast.

C.EverynationacceptsonlyoneVersionofitshistory.

D.Whatisimportantinhistorycanonlybedeterminedbythepresent,

43.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

A.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

D.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

44.Thepassageindicatesthatleadershipresearch______.

A.hasbeenacontroversialstudyforyears

B.predictshowaleadercomestobe

C.definesthelikelihoodtobealeader

D.probesthemysteriesofleadership

45.【S6】

46.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatascientistdevotedhimselftostudythenatureofthecarbondioxidelikelybelongstothosededicatedto______.

A.purescience

B.appliedscience

C.environmentalscience

D.ecologicalscience

47.

WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

A.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

B.Google'snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

C.Itsrivalsaretryingtoform.alliance.

D.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

48.

HowlongwilltheChinesepandacloningprojecttakeaccordingtothepassage?

A.Oneyear.

B.Threetofiveyears.

C.Twoyears.

D.Twenty-fiveyears.

49.

Inthesecondparagraph,theword"real"in"realgoods"couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

A.highquality.B.concrete.C.utter.D.authentic.

50.

Whydoesthedog'sownermistreatthedog?

51.

ThepassagesuggeststhattheFrenchchild______.

A.onlyassociateswithadults

B.isasheisbecauseoftheclimate

C.isnottreatedasachild

D.isforcedtobehavelikeanadult

52.

Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis______.

A.todescribethedifficult