2023年度英語專業(yè)八級(jí)在線測(cè)試試題【范文】-知書文檔網(wǎng)

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Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe‘greatclasslesssociety’.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichésofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,‘survivalofthefittest’,and‘mightisright’arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For‘a(chǎn)ristocracy’read‘meritocracy’;inotherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem‘a(chǎn)goodstartinlife’.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classpisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

[A]Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.

[B]Equalitymeansmoney.

[C]Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.

[D]Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause

[A]theprinciple‘survivalofthefittest’exists.

[B]Natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.

[C]Materialrewardsareforgenuineability.

[D]Peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.

3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess

[A]thosewithwealth.

[B]Thosewiththebestbrains.

[C]Thosewiththebestopportunities.

[D]Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.

4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because

[A]moneydecideseverything.

[B]Privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.

[C]Peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.

[D]Wealthisusedforpoliticalends.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,‘classpisions’refersto

[A]therichandthepoor.

[B]Differentopportunitiesforpeople.

[C]Oppressorandtheoppressed.

[D]Geniusandstupidity.

答案詳解：

1.A二十世紀(jì)公平的機(jī)遇并沒有摧毀階級(jí)。文章一開頭就對(duì)無階級(jí)社會(huì)的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)展了反對(duì)：有人認(rèn)為君主整體已完全摧毀，幸存下來的王公貴族已經(jīng)被剝奪了一切政治權(quán)力，繼承的財(cái)產(chǎn)為稅收大幅度的削減，到時(shí)候，巨大的財(cái)寶將消逝殆盡，在很多國(guó)家中，已全面成功，人民進(jìn)展統(tǒng)治，宏大的太平盛世已成為政治顯示。認(rèn)為：深入檢查證明這一斷言不實(shí)。其次段提出了即使人人都獲同樣的受教育的時(shí)機(jī)，可人的自然才智和力量與公平原則無關(guān)，適者生存，強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理依舊存在。教育的普及摧毀了老的階級(jí)體制，卻制造新的，酬勞是機(jī)遇才能成就。貴族統(tǒng)治就是英才統(tǒng)治，可在其他方面，社會(huì)依舊，階級(jí)的確存在。后面兩段集中論述了金錢的作用。

B.金錢意味著公平是錯(cuò)誤的。C.不存在無階級(jí)社會(huì)。內(nèi)容是對(duì)的，但不是本文的主題思想。D.自然界不會(huì)給予你一個(gè)無階級(jí)社會(huì)。

2.B自然界在分賦人才智和力量是不會(huì)顧及公平。

A.適者生存的原則存在。依據(jù)這一原則無才智和力量者難以生存于社會(huì)。C.物質(zhì)報(bào)償是依據(jù)人的真正力量。D.人們有自由選擇如何教育自己的孩子。這三項(xiàng)都基于一點(diǎn)――人的才智和力量。有才智力量才能生存，才能獲報(bào)償，這已經(jīng)是不公平，即使獲同樣的受教育的時(shí)機(jī)，也不行能鏟除不公平。

3.A有錢的人。第三段一開頭就點(diǎn)明：真正的力量、動(dòng)物般機(jī)敏狡猾、技能、善抓時(shí)機(jī)的訣竅，這一切都帶來物質(zhì)報(bào)償。有了錢的人首要作的事情就是給孩子最正確教育時(shí)機(jī)，而私人學(xué)校教育優(yōu)于公立學(xué)校，人們又有自由選擇如何教育自己的孩子。在這個(gè)意義上，英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。一個(gè)來自富有家庭的有力量的孩子要比其對(duì)立面獲得勝利要快得多多。

B.具有很高才智的人，若沒有錢是難以勝利的。第三段的最終一句話也點(diǎn)明這一點(diǎn)，金錢同從前一樣是強(qiáng)有力的武器。文章最終一段即使在完全遵循社會(huì)公平原則的社會(huì)里，制止特權(quán)的私人教育，人們也是按力量獲酬勞。當(dāng)心翼翼而又消耗巨大地把聰慧的孩子培育成將來的統(tǒng)治者。C.具有最正確機(jī)遇的人。D.是B和C的結(jié)合。

4.A金錢打算一切。新的英才教育在肯定程度上永存。沒有錢，上不起私立學(xué)校，談不上時(shí)機(jī)，更不用說英才教育。有了錢才能為孩子制造時(shí)機(jī)。

B.私立學(xué)校供應(yīng)的優(yōu)越性高于公立學(xué)校。C.人們有自由選擇教育孩子的方式方法。D.財(cái)寶用于政治目的。第三段最終三句話：“財(cái)寶也可以不加區(qū)分地用于更遠(yuǎn)的政治目的。沒有強(qiáng)大的財(cái)政作后盾，成為民主國(guó)家的元首幾乎是不行能。金錢和過去一樣是強(qiáng)有力的武器，這也說明白金錢的力氣，打算一切。”

5.A富人和窮人?？v然提及，同樣的教育時(shí)機(jī)也不行能鏟除不公平，由于上天給予人之才智是不行能考慮公平原則，可是也提到適者生存、強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理。貴族政治可讀成英才教育。這已說明英才指的是貴族的英才。第四段進(jìn)一步指出有錢的人首先要做的就是給子女一個(gè)