新編英語教程教案

第五冊

CONTENTS

UnitOneHittheNailontheHead---------------1

UnitTwoBewaretheDirtySeas----------------------------------------------------------13

UnitThreeMyFriend,AlbertEinstein-----------------------------------------------------20

UnitFourTheInvisibleDoor-----------------------------------------------------------27

UnitFiveThePlug-inDrug:TVandtheAmericanFamily,PartI-----------------------32

UnitSixPreparingforCollege------------------------------------------------------40

UnitSevenGroupingtheGifted:Pro-----------------------------------------------------35

UnitEightWhyNothingWorks-------------------------------------------------------------51

UnitNineWhereIstheNewsLeadingUs?-------------------------------------------------59

UnitTenThings:TheThrow-AwaySociety------------------------------------------------67

UnitElevenCultivatingaHobby----------------------------------------------------------74

UnitTwelveTheScienceofCustom-------------------------------------------------------81

UnitOneHittheNailontheHead

AlanWarner

Objective

Warner'sessayiswrittentohelpstudentsbecomeawareoftheimportanceoflearningto

chooseexactwordstobestexpresstheirideas.Toteachthistext,wemusthelpstudentsbecome

familiarwithsomerelatedbackgroundknowledgeandmasterthelistedlanguagepoints.Apart

fromthat,studentswilllearntoanalyzetheauthor'swritingstyle,analogy,employedinthetext.

TeachingSteps

StepOne:GetstudentstolookupthewordsandphraseslistedinDictionaryWorkinan

English-Englishdictionaryandfindthedefinitionsthatfitthecontextofthetext.Alsogetthemto

findsomeinformationabouttheitemsgiveninLibraryWorkinencyclopedias,otherreference

books,oronthewebsites.

StepTwo:AsktwostudentstogiveanoralreportontheirDictionaryWorkandLibraryWorkin

frontoftheclassrespectively.

StepThree:Haveaclassdiscussiononthetitleandtheauthor.

StepFour:Explainthetexttostudents,focusingonthefollowinglanguagepointsaswellasthe

organizationanddevelopmentofthetext.

StepFive:GetstudentstodotherelatedexercisesinWorkBook.

BackgroundKnowledge

1.AlanWarner(author)

(Seep.4ofSB)

2.GustaveFlaubert(L10)

a.1821-1880;

b.Frenchnovelistandshort-storywriter;

c.consideredasaforerunnerofnaturalism;

d.MadameBovary(1857),hisfirstpublishednovel.

3.Uganda(L42)

a.alandlockedcountryinEastAfrica;

b.gainedindependencefromGreatBritainin1962;

c.capital,Kampala;

d.population,24,699,073(est.2002);

e.languages,English(officialnationallanguage),Swahili,andotherlanguages.

4.Mrs.Malaprop(L47)

Mrs.Malaprop,acharacterinRichardBrinsleySheridan'splayTheRivals(1775),isfamousfor

herludicrousmisuseofwords.Sheconstantlyconfuseswordsthatsoundsimilar.Forexample,

“She'sasheadstrongasanallegoryonthebanksoftheNile,"whenshemeansalligator,"He'sthe

verypineappleofpoliteness,"whenshemeanspinnacle.Shehassuchanamesimplybecause

sheconsistentlyuseslanguagemalapropos,thatis,inappropriately.

5.malapropism(L47)

a.Etymology:namedafterMrs.Malaprop

b.Meaning:ludicrousmisuseofawordinplaceofasimilar-sounding

one

c.Example:uWehavejustendedourphysicalyeaf'insteadof

“Wehavejustendedourfiscalyear.,J

6.ProfessorRaleigh(L61)

(Seep.6ofSB)

7.Hindi(L105)

a.theliteraryandofficiallanguageofnorthernIndia;

b.anIndianlanguagederivedfromSanskrit.

8.Swahili(L106)

a.aBantulanguagewidelyusedasalinguafrancainEastAfrica;

b.Bantu—agroupofpeoplesincentralandsouthernAfrica.

OrganizationandDevelopment

PartOne:Introduction

Paragraph1:Theauthorbeginshisarticlewithananalogybetweenthehammeringofnailsand

theuseoflanguagetoexpressoneself.Amanwithapoorcommandofalanguage,

whoisnotsurewhatwordstousetoexpresshimself,isjustlikeamanclumsywitha

hammer,whoisnotsuccessfulinhisefforttostrikeanailrightintoabox.However,a

manwithagoodcommandofalanguage,justlikeaskillfulcarpenterwhoeasilydrives

homethenailwithafewfirm,deftblows,willdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly

withtherightwordsandexpressions.(TBp.4)

a."Askillfulcarpenter,ontheotherhand,willdrivehomethenailwithafewfirm,deft

blows,hittingiteachtimesquarelyonthehead."

b.“Sowithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispoint

firmlyandexactly.n

PartTwo:Body(SBp.7)

Paragraphs2-3:Theauthordiscussesthesignificanceoffindingtherightwords.

Paragraphs4-7:Theauthordiscussesthesemanticdifferencesbetweenwordshavingthesame

root.

humanandhumane;

anxietyandeagerness;

singularityandsingleness

Paragraph8:Theauthordiscussesthewrongchoiceofwordscausedbyfailuretorecognizetheir

connotations.

Paragraph9:Theauthordiscussesthestylisticdifferencesbetweensynonyms.

Paragraph10:TheauthordiscussestheabundanceofspecificwordsinEnglishforgeneral

notions.

PartThree:Conclusion

Paragraph11:Theauthorendsthearticlebyreferringtotheanalogy,re-emphasizingthe

importanceofchoosingtherightwordstobestexpressoneself.

a.UAgoodcarpenterisnotdistinguishedbythenumberofhistools,butbythe

craftsmanshipwithwhichheusesthem.”

b.“Soagoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillin

findingthe*motjuste*,thewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.”

LanguagePoints

1.hitthenailonthehead(Title)

a.Anidiom

b.Meaning:saytherightword,suggestagoodidea

c.Example:Yourcommenthitthenailonthehead.Youspokethetruth.

2.clumsy(L1)

a.Meaning:awkward,unskillful

b.Example:I'veneverseensuchaterriblyclumsyfellow.

c.Derivative:clumsily(adv.)clumsiness(n.)

3.knockover(L2)

a.Aphrasalverb

b.Meaning:knocksomebodyorsomethingover-strikesomebodyorsomethingdown,knock

somebodyorsomethingdown

c.Examples:(1)Anoldwomanwasknockedoverbyacarwhenshewascrossingthestreet.

(2)You'veknockedovermymilk!

4.drivesomethinghome(L3)

a.Aphrase

b.Meaning:makesomethingclearlyandfullyunderstood

c.Example:MybossdrovehometomethatImustbetherebyeight.

5.deft(L4)

a.Meaning:skillfulandquick;adroit

b.Examples:(1)Withonedeftmovement,mymotherflippedthepancake

over.

(2)AsBillwasadeftpoliticaloperator,hewaselected

chairman.

c.Derivative:deftly(adv.)deftness(n.)

6.squarely(L4)

a.Meaning:directlyandfirmly

b.Examples:(1)Theboxerhithisopponentsquarelyonthejaw.(TB)

(2)Hemustfacetheawkwardsituationsquarely.

7.craftsman(L5)

Meaning:amanwhomakesthingsskillfullywithhishands;

here,askilledwriteroralanguagemaster

8.drivehomeapoint(L5)

a.Aphrase

b.Meaning:makeone'spointcompletelyclear

c.Example:Itriedtodrivehomethepointthatweneedextrapeoplefortheresearchwork,but

thebossdidn'tlistentomeatall.

9.moreorless(L6)

a.Aphrase

b.Meaning:almost;approximately

c.Examples:(1)Themeetingismoreorlessover.

(2)We'reexpecting100peopleattheparty,moreorless.

10.loose(L6)

a.Meaning:notexact;vague

b.Example:Thisisaloosetranslationoftheoriginalpaper.

11.cleanEnglish(L7)

Meaning:Englishwhichispreciseandclear(TB)

12.apt(L9)

a.Meanings:(1)exactlysuitable;appropriate

(2)havinganaturaltendencytodosomething;inclined;likely

(3)quicktolearnorunderstand

b.Examples:(1)Hegaveusanaptdescriptionofhisnature.

(2)SomeofthestudentsareapttobelateforclassonMondays.

(3)Heprovedanaptstudent.

c.Derivative:aptly(adv.)aptness(n.)

13.Iemotjuste(L9)

Meaning:Frenchforuthecorrectorexactword"(TB)

14.scrupulous(L10)

a.Meaning:thorough,exact,andcarefulaboutdetails;meticulous一絲不茍的

b.Example:Theresearchhasbeencarriedoutwithscrupulousattentiontodetail.

c.Derivative:scrupulously(adv.);scrupulousness(n.)unscrupulous(antonym)

15.subtle(L11)

a.Meaning:noteasytonoticeorunderstand難以察覺的，細微的

b.Example:Thepicturesaresimilar,buttherearesubtledifferencesbetweenthem.

c.Derivative:subtly(adv.)

16.delicate(L12)

a.Meaning:verysubtleindifferenceordistinction

b.Example:Iwasverymuchimpressedwithyourdelicatehandlingofthesituation.

c.Derivative:delicately(adv.)

17.shadesofmeaning(L12)

a.Meaning:slightdifferencesinmeaning

b.Example:Ifindithardtolearnawordwithmanyshadesofmeaning.

18.realization(L15)

Meaning:becomingawareofwhatonethinksandfeels(TB)

19.chap(L22)

Meaning:(informal)amanoraboy;afellow

20.thatconstituteshislimitation(L23)

a.Meaning:thatmakesup/formshisshortcomingorinabilityincertainaspects(TB)

b.Examples:(1)ThefiftystatesconstitutetheUSA.

(2)Twelvemonthsconstituteayear.

21.conceptionof(L24)

a.Meaning:ageneralnotionorideaaboutsomething

b.Examples:(1)Shehasgotaverystrangeconceptionoflove.

(2)YouhavenoconceptionofwhatImean.

22.sharper(L25)

a.Meaning:moredistinct;clearer

b.Examples:(1)asharp(thin-edged)knife(2)sharp(keen)eyes

(3)asharp(shrill)voice(4)sharp(harsh)words

(5)asharp(severe)pain(TB)

23.human(L27)

a.Meaning:relatingtoorconcerninghumankindorpeople(origin-humain)

b.Examples:(1)thehumanbody(2)thehumanbehavior

24.humane(L27)

a.Meaning:havingorshowingkindness,mercy,orcompassion(origin-humain)

b.Examples:(1)Hewasathoughtfulandhumanejudge.

(2)Therearemanyregulationsensuringthehumanetreatmentofanimals.

25.ahumanekiller(L30)

Meaning:aninstrumentforthepainlessslaughterofanimals

26.farafield(L31)

a.Meaning:farawayfromone'shome;atadistance

b.Examples:(1)Don*tgotoofarafieldoryoullgetlost.

(2)Someofthosecriminalscamefromfarafield.

27.thePress(L36)

a.newspapersandmagazines

b.Examples:TodaytheAmericanpressisfullofarticlesonthewarinIraq.

28.rife(L38)

a.Meaning:verycommon;widespread(especiallysomethingbadorunpleasant)

b.Examples:(1)Violentcrimewasrifeinthiscitybefore.

(2)Thestreetswererifewithrumorandfear,(fullof)

c.Derivative:rifeness(n.)

29.singularity(L39)

a.Meanings:(1)atraitmarkingoneasdistinctfromothers;apeculiarity

(2)somethinguncommonorunusual;strangeness

b.Example:singularityofmind-思想奇特

30.singleness(L41)

a.Meaning:stateofhavingonlyoneaim,purpose,etc.

b.Example:singlenessofn?/力d-思想專一，一心一意，專心致志

31.singleout(L43)

a.Aphrasalverb

b.Meaning:singlesomeoneorsomethingout-choosesomeoneorsomethingfromagroup

forspecialattentionortreatment

c.Examples:(1)Onenewspaperwassingledoutforcriticism.

(2)Hisbosshassingledhimoutforaspecialmention.

32.leader(L45)

Meaning:(chieflyBritish)aleadingarticleinanewspaper;editorial

33.imprisoned(L47):限制，束縛(TB)

contained(L49):包含(TB)

summedup(L49):總結(jié)(TB)

epitomized(L49):概括(TB)

distilled(L51):提煉(TB)

distilltheessenceof...(L54):提取...的精華(TB)

34.coercion(L48)

a.Meaning:theuseofthreatsororderstomakesomeonedosomethingtheydonotwanttodo

b.Example:Jamessaidthathehadbeenundercoercionwhenheconfessed.

35.againstone'swill(L48)

a.Anidiom

b.Meaning:notaccordingtoone'swishes;notwhatonewants

c.Example:Idon'twantyoutostayagainstyourwill.

36.epitomize(L49)

a.Meanings:(1)beaperfectexampleof;(2)giveasummaryof(awrittenwork)

b.Example:ThecompanyepitomizedtheproblemsfacedbyAmericanindustry.

37.hiton(L50)(orhitupon)

a.Aphrasalverb

b.Meaning:discoverorthinkofsomethingbychance;stumbleon

c.Examples:(1)Afterworkingonthepaperforawholeday,shefinallyhitonagoodtitleforit.

(2)Hehitonanovelideaforfund-raising.

38.essenceof(L54)

a.Meaning:thebasicandmostimportantqualityofsomething

b.Example:Conflictistheessenceofdrama.

39.flexible(L56)

a.Meaning:easilychangedtosuitnewconditionsandcircumstances;adaptable

b.Example:Wecanbeflexibleaboutyourworkinghours.

c.Derivative:flexibly(adv.)flexibility(n.)

40.tobealivetosomething(L58)

a.Anidiom

b.Meaning:tobeawareof,tobesensitiveto

c.Examples:(1)Asaleader,youneedtobealwaysalivetonewideas.

(2)Wemustbealivetoeveryopportunity.

41.disprove(L63)

a.Meaning:toprovetobefalse,invalid,orinerror;refute

b.Example:Ittookthemtwomonthstodisprovetheallegation.

c.Derivative:disprovable(adj.)disproval(n.)

42.ashade(L68)

a.Aphrase

b.Meaning:alittle

c.Examples:(1)Shewasjustashadetoohonestaboutherfeelings.

(2)Ifsashadecoldertoday.

43.expire(L74)

a.Meaning:cometoanendorisnolongervalid;die(aliteraryuse)(aformalword)

b.Examples:(1)Myvisaexpiresnextweek.

(2)Hisdrivinglicenseexpired.

44.indigent(L74)

a.Meaning:verypoor(aformalword)

b.Derivative:indigence(n.)

45.fascinating(L81)

a.Meaning:veryinterestingandattractive;captivating

b.Example:SanyaisthemostfascinatingplaceI'veeverbeento.

c.Derivative:fascinatingly(adv.)

46.march(L83)—walkwithfirm,regularstepslikeasoldier齊步前進，行進,行軍

pace(L83)—walkwithslow,steadysteps,usuallybackandforth踱步

patrol(L83)—goaroundanareaorbuildingatregulartimestomakesurethatthereisno

troublethere巡邏

stalk(L84)—walkinastiff,proud,orangryway,withlongsteps高視闊步地走

stride(L84)—walkwithquick,longsteps大踏步地走

tread(on)(L84)—putyourfootonsomethingwhenyouarewalking;stepon

踩踏

tramp(L84)—walkwithfirmheavysteps;trudge用沉重的腳步走

stepout(L84)—(AmE)gooutsideforashorttime;walkmorequickly

(美口)暫時離開，走開；健步走，快走

prance(L84)—walkinaspiritedmanner，快活地走，歡躍地走

strut(L84)—walkinaproudwaywithyourheadhighandyourchestpushedforwards,asif

youareveryimportant趾高氣揚地走

prowl(L84)—movearoundanareaquietlyandcautiously,asinsearchofprey彳非徊，潛彳亍

plod(L85)—walkslowlyandheavily;trudge沉重緩慢地走

stroll(L85)—walkinaslow,relaxedway;wander散步，閑逛

shuffle(L85)—walkbydraggingyourfeetalongorwithoutliftingthemproperlyofftheground

拖著腳走

stagger(L85)—walkunsteadily,asifabouttofallW,踉蹌,搖晃

sidle(L85)—walkuncertainlyorcautiously,asifyoudon'twanttobenoticed側(cè)身而行

trudge(L85)—walkslowlyandwithheavysteps,especiallybecauseyouaretired;plod步履

艱難地走，跋涉

toddle(L85)—walkwithshort,unsteadystepswhilelearningtowalk(小孩學步時的)蹣跚行

走

ramble(L85)—goonawalkforpleasure漫步，閑逛

roam(L86)—travelaroundanareawithoutpurpose;wander漫步，漫游

saunter(L86)—walkinaslow,relaxedway,withouthurry;stroll;lounge閑逛

meander(L86)—moveaimlesslyandidlywithoutfixeddirection;wander：曼步，散步

lounge(L86)—moveinalazy,relaxedway;saunter閑蕩

loiter(L86)—moveslowly,withmanystops邊走邊停，走走停停

creep(L86)—movequietly,slowly,andcautiously,especiallytoavoidbeingheardornoticed

躡手躡腳地走

47.dismay(L87)

a.Meaning:(aformaluse)makesomeonefeelworried,disappointed,orsad;upset

b.Examples:(1)Theyweredismayedbywhattheyhadbeentold.

(2)Iwasdismayedtofindthatherhandswereshaking.

48.takecourage(L89)

a.Anidiom

b.Meaning:makeanefforttobebraveenoughtodosomething

c.Examples:(1)Ittookhimaboutseveralmonthstotakecouragetodriveagainafterhis

accident.

(2)Ishallhavetotakecouragetotellherthetruth.

UnitTwoBewaretheDirtySeas

Objectives

ThroughGeoffreyLean'sarticleaboutthepollutionoftheMediterranean,studentswilllearn

howtoorganizeinformationsystematicallyintoacauseandeffectessay.Specifically,students

willlearnhowtousefacts,examples,andstatisticalinformationincludinggeographicand

demographicfigurestoestablishtherelationship.Inaddition,studentswilllearnmanyuseful

wordsandpatternsindealingwiththesubjectofpollution.

TeachingSteps

StepOne:GetstudentstolookupthewordsandphraseslistedinDictionaryWorkinan

English-Englishdictionaryandfindthedefinitionsthatfitthecontextofthetext.Alsogetthemto

findsomeinformationabouttheitemsgiveninLibraryWorkinencyclopedias,otherreference

books,oronthewebsites.

StepTwo:AsktwostudentstogiveanoralreportontheirDictionaryWorkandLibraryWorkin

frontoftheclassreceptively.

StepThree:Haveaclassdiscussiononthetitleandtheauthor.

StepFOLK:Explainthetexttostudents,focusingonthefollowinglanguagepointsaswellasthe

OrganizationandDevelopmentofthetext.

StepFive:GetstudentstodotherelatedexercisesintheWorkBook.

BackgroundKnowledge

1.theMediterranean

ItisaninlandseaseparatingEuropefromNAfrica,withAsiatotheE;extremelength3,700km;

area2,966,000sq.km.ItislinkedtotheAtlanticOcean(attheStraitofGibraltar),RedSea,and

IndianOcean(bytheSuezCanal),BlackSea(attheDardanellesandSeaofMarmara).TheMain

subdivisionsaretheAdriatic,Aegean,Ionian,andTyrrhenianseas.Itishighlypolluted.

TheMediterraneanisseverelyendangeredbyhumanandindustrialwastepollution;100million

peoplelivealongthecoast,85%ofsewagenearthecoastisdischargeddirectlyintothewater,

anditisregularlycrossedbyoiltankers.TheBarcelonaConvention1976tocleanupthe

Mediterraneanwassignedby17countriesandledtoabanondumpingofmercury,cadmium,

persistentplastics,DDT,crudeoil,andhydrocarbons.

2.Cannes

ResortinAlpes-Maritimesdepartement,SFrance;population(1990)69,400.Aprestigiousfilm

festivalisheldhereannually.

3.TelAviv

OfficiallyTelAviv-Jaffa.CityinIsrael,ontheMediterraneancoast.

4.Barcelona

Capital,industrialcityandportofCatalonis,NESpain,population(1991)1,653,200.In1992the

cityhostedthesummerOlympics.

5.Genoa

AhistoriccityinNWItaly,capitalofLiguria;population(1989)706,700.ItisItaly'slargestport;

industriesincludeoilrefining,chemicals,engineering,andtextiles.

6.theRoyalFreeHospital

AnundergraduateteachinganddistrictgeneralholpitalforalltypesofillnessinLondon.(SB)

7.theItalianLigurianriviera

RiveraisaresortareaalongtheMediterraneanSeacoast,extendingfromMarseillesin

southeasternFrancetoLaSpeziainnorthwesternItaly.TheItalianLigurianrvieraisthepartofthe

rivieraalongtheLiguriancoast,notedforitsbeautyandclimate.(SB)

8.theTyrrhenianSea

ArmoftheMediterraneanSeasurroundedbymainlandItaly,Sicily,Sardinia,Corsica,andthe

LigurianSea.ItisconnectedtotheIonianSeathroughtheStraitsofMessina.

9.Sardinia

Mountainousisland,specialautonomousregionofItaly,area24,100sq.km.Population

(1990)1,664,400.ItscapitalisCagliari,anditexportscorkandpetrochemicals.

10.Sicily

ThelargestMediterraneanisland,anautonomousregionofItaly,area25,700sqkm,

population(1990)5,196,800.ItexportsMarsalawine,olives,citrus,refinedoilandpetrochemicals,

pharmaceuticals,potash,asphalt,andmarble.

11.thelagoonofVenice

AninletoftheGulfofVenice.VeniceisaseaportinnortheasternItalywhichisbuilton

numeroussmallislandsintheLagoonofVenice.(SB)

12.thePo

LongestriverinItaly,flowingfromtheCottianAlpstotheAdriaticSea,length668km.Itsvalleyis

fertileandcontainsnaturalpas.Theriverisheavilypollutedwithnitrates,phosphates,and

arsenic.

13.theRhone

RiverofSEurope,length810km.ItrisesinSwitzerlandandflowsthroughLakeGenevatoLyon

inFrance.

14.theEbro

RiverinNESpain,whichrisesintheCantabrianMountainsandflowssome800kmSEtOmeet

theMediterraneanSeaSWofBarcelona.

15.theLlobregat

AriverinSpain.(SB)

16.theAdige

Secondlongestriver(afterthePo)inItaly,410km.ItcrossestheLombardyPlainandentersthe

AdriaticjustNofthePodelta.

17.theTiber

AriverincentralItaly,flowingthroughRomeintotheMediterranean.(SB)

18.theNile

AriverinAfrica,theworld'slongest,6,695km.TheBlueNilerisesinLakeTana,Ethiopia,the

WhiteNileatLakeVictoria;theyjoinatKhartoum,Sudan.TheriverenterstheMediterraneanSea

atavastdeltakinNEgypt.

19.theStraitofGibraltar

AstraitbetweenEuropeandAficaattheAtlanticentrancetotheMediterranean.(SB)

20.theBosphorus

AlsoBosporus.Strait27kmlong,joiningtheBlackSeawiththeSeaofMarmaraandforming

partofthewaterdivisionbetweenEuropeandAsia.

OrganizationandDevelopment

PartOne:Paras.1-4

Thesisstatement:TheMediterraneanisthemostpollutedseaintheworld.Thewritersetsthe

severityofthepollutionagainsttwocontrasts,whichimpressthereaderagreatdeal.Thefirstis

thefactthattheseaisonlyonepercentoftheworld'sseasurfacebutitreceivesonethirdofthe

touristtradeeveryyear.Thesecondisthecontrastthatthisonepercentoftheworld'ssea

surfacecarriesmorethanhalftheoilandtarfloatingonthewatersintheworld.Astheresultof

thisterriblepollution,diseasesareendemicinthisarea.Thisisthegeneralsituationofthesea,

andfromthispointofdeparturethewriterisgoingtoexaminetheproblemthoroughlytofindthe

causes.

PartTwo:Paras.5-10

ImpropertreatmentofsewagebymanyMediterraneancountries.

Consequences:Contaminationofseawaterandfish.

Greaterlikelihoodofdisease.

PartThree:Paras.11-13

Secondmaincause——theindustries.

Untreatedwateremittedfromfactoriesalongthecoastandfromfactorieslocatedfarinland.

PartFour:Paras14-15

Othercausesofthepollution:

pesticides,detergents,fertilizers,oil,etc.

PartFive:Paras:16-20

Factorsthatleadtotheseverityofthecase:

NarrowandshallowoutletoftheStraitofGibraltar,

Weakcoastalcurrentsandfeebletides,

Long-standingpracticeofdumpingwastesintothesea,

Multiplicationofpopulationandincreasingnumberoftourists.

PartSix:21-22

Conclusion.

Effortsbeingmadetosolvetheproblem.

LanguagePoints

1.beware(of)(inthetitle)

a.Usedinacommandorimperative,"ofcanbeomitted.

b.Meaning:becautiousoforcarefulabout

c.Examples:Beware(of)thefakeproductsthatfloodthemarket.(TB)

Bewareofpickpockets.

Bewareofthedog.

Bewarehiswit.

2.waters(L5)

a.Pluralnoun

b.Meaning:Acountry'swatersrefertotheareaofseathatisneartoitandbelongstoit.

c.Examples:St.Lucia(圣盧西亞，加勒比海東部一島國)dependsoncleancoastal

Watersbecausefishingandtourismprovidemuchofitsincome.

IntheshallowwatersoftheGulfofMexico,oilrigsattractshoalsoffish,andfishermentoo.

3.sluice(L6)

a.Meaning:Ifwatersluicesoutfromsomewhereitflowsinlargeamounts.

b.Examples:vi.Watersluicesoutfromthepipes.

vt.Sluiceapavementwithahose.

4.nurture:(L8)

a.Meaning:promotethedevelopmentofsomethingbyprovidingfavorableconditions.

b.Examples:Thegroupwantstonurturedemocracyinthiscountry.

5.fallvictimto(L9)

a.Aphrase

b.Meaning:Ifyoufallvictimtosomeoneorsomething,youarehurt,damaged,killedorsuffer

becauseofthem.

c.Examples:In1948,GandhifellvictimtoamemberofaHindugang.

Thecompanyhasfallenvictimtoincreasedcompetition.

6.endemic(L13)

a.Meaning:adj.(Ofdiseaseofacondition)regularlyfoundandverycommonamongaparticular

grouporinaparticulararea,sothatitispartofthegeneralsituation

b.Examples:Malariaisendemicinmanyofthehotterregionsoftheworld.

ThediseaseisendemicamongBritishsheep/tomanyBritishflocks.

Hesaidthatcorruptionwasendemicinpartsofthepoliceforce.

7.mournful(14)

a.Meaning:adj.Sad,grief-stricken,grieving,heart-broken,heart-breaking

b.Examples:Whatareyousomournfulabout?

Shelookedathimwithmournfuleyes.

Themusicsoundsrathermournful.

c.Derivatives:mourn(v.)mournfully(adv.)mournfulness(n.)

8.litany(L14)

a.Meaning:n.Alitanyisalonglistofunpleasantthings,particularlythingsthatarerepeated.

b.Examples:Themanufacturersarereportedtohavereceivedalitanyofcomplaintsfrom