2023年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Fromthismaterialwecan（）hundredsofwhatyoumaycalldirectproducts.問題1選項(xiàng)A.deriveB.discernC.diminishD.displace2.單選題Signswarnedthatthetrailwas（）eveningoodweatherconditions,soonlyexperiencedandwell-equippedhikersshouldattemptit.問題1選項(xiàng)A.affluentB.wholesomeC.treacherousD.incurable3.單選題Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman,he（）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.問題1選項(xiàng)A.presidedB.administeredC.masteredD.executed4.單選題BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.問題1選項(xiàng)A.orientationB.voyageC.processionD.access5.單選題YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.問題1選項(xiàng)A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.until6.單選題Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground，buttherearestillmany（）supportersofsingle-sexeducation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.compulsoryB.pervasiveC.criticalD.passionate7.單選題Thischildwassoobstinatethatherefusedtoadmittohismistakes.問題1選項(xiàng)A.obsessiveB.furiousC.stubbornD.rebellious8.單選題TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.問題1選項(xiàng)A.splinterB.indexC.axisD.trace9.單選題Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideasB.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworldC.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinterestingD.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate問題2選項(xiàng)A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceivedB.whosefaceiscoveredwithamaskC.whosefaceisseenfromthesideD.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.問題3選項(xiàng)A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheotherB.eyecontactofmorethanonesecondC.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontactD.constantadjustmentofeyecontact問題4選項(xiàng)A.nottoweardarkspectaclesB.nottomakeanyinterruptionsC.nottoglanceawayfromeachotherD.nottomakeunpredictablepauses10.單選題Withonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’smovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto（）.2.Theword“groundbreaking”(Paragraph7)canbeinterpreted（）.3.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.implantembryointoahostanimalB.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandasC.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinctionD.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit問題2選項(xiàng)A.essentiallynewB.pioneeringC.evolutionaryD.epoch-making問題3選項(xiàng)A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs.B.Lackofhostanimals.C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers.D.Lackoffunds.問題4選項(xiàng)A.China-theNativePlaceofPandasForeverB.China’sEffortstoClonePandasC.China’sFirstClonedPandaD.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas11.單選題The（）differenceinChinesedialecthasbecomeaprobleminmutualcommunicationamongpeople.問題1選項(xiàng)A.enormousB.immenseC.imminentD.eminent12.單選題Please（）yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplaces,sincethelawforbidsthem.問題1選項(xiàng)A.restrainB.hinderC.restrictD.prohibit13.單選題TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:BenefitstoResidents(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.BenefitstoBusinesses(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.BenefitstoMunicipalities(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.suitableforbicyclingB.suitableforwalkingC.designedforpedalsD.designedforscooters問題2選項(xiàng)A.theexpansionofurbanareasB.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildingsC.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironmentD.theenvironmentalpreservation問題3選項(xiàng)A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.問題5選項(xiàng)A.thereductionoffactoriesB.thesprawlofthecityC.thelesseningoftrafficjamsD.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea14.單選題Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.問題2選項(xiàng)A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinkingB.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcoursesC.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourseD.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign問題3選項(xiàng)A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineeringB.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudentsC.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdoD.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings問題4選項(xiàng)A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.15.單選題Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalheathchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedialknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalheathchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause（）.2.To“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.3.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause（）.4.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto（）.5.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoiceshouldbebasedon（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.personalheathchoiceshelpcuremostillnessesB.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyD.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth問題2選項(xiàng)A.to“l(fā)iveaninactivelife”B.to“l(fā)iveadecentlife”C.to“l(fā)ivealifewithcompletefreedom”D.to“l(fā)ivealifeofvice”問題3選項(xiàng)A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientB.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisionsC.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeD.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends問題4選項(xiàng)A.improvingthequalityofone’slifeB.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoiceC.deliberatelyendingone’slifeD.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior問題5選項(xiàng)A.personaldecisionsB.society’slawsC.statisticalevidenceD.friends’opinions16.單選題Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tohavebeencreatedB.tobecreatedC.havingbeencreatedD.beingcreated17.單選題Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant（）ofAmericanlife.問題1選項(xiàng)A.facetsB.formatsC.formulasD.fashions18.單選題Theindomitablespiritdisplayedbyathletesembodiesthenewlookofthisnation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.specificB.unsubduableC.determinedD.industrious19.單選題Iwaiteduntilhehad（）beforeItoldhimIwasleavingandheadedforthefrontdoor.問題1選項(xiàng)A.handeddownB.calmeddownC.turneddownD.trackeddown20.單選題Theoldman（）defendedtherightofeverycitizentofreedomofchoiceinreligionwhichenabledhimtowintherespectofallpeople.問題1選項(xiàng)A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably21.翻譯題Infact,therobotsthataredoingthemostforyouandme—theindustrialrobots—don’tevenhaveahead.Atinymicroprocessorcapableoffittingonasiliconchipthesizeofapeamakesuppartoftherobot’s“brain”.Severalofthesesiliconchipsareplacedontwoorthreeprintedcircuitboardstoprovidetheinputandmemorybankfunctions.Whenpluggedintoanelectricaloutlet,thisassemblyofmicroprocessors,muchlikethehumanbrain,transmitselectricalimpulsesalongpathwayswhichrunfromthecomputeritselfdowntherobot’sarmandintoitshand.Inhumans,thesepathwaysarethenervefibers;inrobots,theyareelectricalcables.22.單選題HewroteanarticlecriticizingtheGreekpoetandwon（）andascholarship.問題1選項(xiàng)A.faithB.statusC.fameD.courage23.單選題Accordingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.Thecoreoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo’sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftenskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvsgeniusdispute.WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.1.Whatleadstotheexpansionofscienceintermsofthenewschoolofscientists?2.Whatisthenatureofscientificrevolutionaccordingtoaleaderofthenewschool?3.Whydoesmodernschoolofscientistspayattentiontotheinventionandimprovementoftoolsandtechnology?4.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thecreativeideasofthegreatminds.B.Thescientificknowledgeofthegeniuses.C.Theimprovementofordinarytoolsandtechniques.D.Theneglectedforceinscientificinnovations.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Ithelpstoinventaseriesofnewinstruments.B.Itisactuallytheresultofthedevelopmentofaseriesofinstruments.C.Itpushesthesciencetowardaparticulardirection.D.Ithasimprovedthetechniquesininnumerabledirections.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Becausetheycanbeappliedinscientificexperiments.B.Becausetheyaregreatlyadmiredbyscientistsandinventors.C.Becausetheyareoverlookedbyhistoriansandphilosophers.D.Becausetheycanbeservedasasourceofbasicinnovations.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Thegovernment'sdecisiononitsfinanceallocationisdeterminedbyitsopinionontheprioritybetweenscienceandtechnology.B.Thegovernmenthasdevelopedpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnology.C.Thegovernmenthasattachedmoreimportancetotechnologythanpurescience.D.Thegovernmentwillnolongerincreasethefinancialsupporttopurescience.24.單選題Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.問題1選項(xiàng)A.abundantlyB.intenselyC.denselyD.intensively25.單選題Theroleofaprofessional（）istohelptwopartiessolveconflictorappeasedisputethroughskillfuluseoflanguage.問題1選項(xiàng)A.senatorB.supervisorC.negotiatorD.mediator第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)derive“源自，獲得”；B選項(xiàng)discern“覺察出，識(shí)別”；C選項(xiàng)diminish“減少，縮小”；D選項(xiàng)displace“取代”。根據(jù)句意：我們能夠從這個(gè)材料中數(shù)百個(gè)你稱之為直接產(chǎn)品的東西。根據(jù)介詞短語fromthismaterial可知，這里應(yīng)該是表示來源并且能夠與介詞from搭配，所以只