FRAGMENTATION&BLOCKCAVEDRAWFragmentationEquipmentselectionRockhandlingstrategiesDrawpointproduction(mm/day/draw/caveheight)BCFPrimary(Backrockblocks-inputsjointdist,stress,RMR)Secondary(backrockblockscrushbycavemuckpile)Hang-upprogramme(drawpointblockagefreqordrawntons)Equipment/strategiesrealtiestodrawpointblocksizesDrawproduction=drawpointareaxdrawpointtonnage/ratesFragmentationOtherusesDrawpointsizes/spacingDilutionentryExperiencelevelsofstaffFragmentationPrimaryfragmentationSecondaryfragmentation/brokenbymuckpileweightPrimaryfragmentationPanelcave(Massmin92)Muckpilemodel(Bartlett1997)FragmentationDeterminationEmpiricaltables(Laubscher2000)

-Primary -Secondary -effectsBCF(Esterhuizen1994) -Primarysecondary -Secondary -Drawratesandhang-upfrequencyCHASM(Butcher2000) -Primaryfragmentation -VisualizationtoolJKFrag(Harries2001) -Primary -RigoroustoolMethodusesDesktop–Experience,EmpiricalBCF,ScopingwithgeneraldataCHaSM,JKFRAG,moreBCFabovescopingMethodlimitationsChaSM,-LABOURIOUS,PRIMARYFRAGONLYBCF,JointstatsmaycauseerrorsinblockformationEmpirical.limitedtoauthorsexperienceJKFRAG,ResearchtoolAllaremodelsFragmentationinputdataPrimary

-Meandip/dipdirection -Spacingstatistics -Rockmassstrength -Dip/directionofthecaveface -Generalstressregime

SecondaryAspectratioRateofdrawCushing/finesCaveheightandmuckpilepressure

Jointinputdata

(Stacey&Swart2000)

ChaSMFragmentation(BCF)Fragmentation(BCF)EquipmentselectionM3%passingfragmentationcriterion%>2or3m3:>2m3(4.6m3LHDbucket-1400E)>3m3(6.4m3LHDbucket-0010)PrimaryFrag>2m3=40%SecondaryFrag>2m3=15%RockhandlingstrategiesDrawpointhang-upfreqTypeofhang-up/typefreqDrawpointblocker1024m3Highhang-up 128m3Lowhang-up 16m3100%LHDbucket2m3DrawratesDrawrates/production3TypesGeotechicalAcceptableActualGeotechnical=Frag(BCF)+hang-upmodelsAcceptable=limitedgeotechnical(burstprotection)Actual=Acceptable-miningsystemreadinessDrawratereductionMiningsystemreadinessExtractionleveldamageConstructionbehindEquipmentnotavailableDrawpointsecondaryblastingcrewsnotavailableCrusher’sandinfrastructurenot

operationalDrawratereductionMiningsystemreadinessExtractionleveldamageConstructionbehindEquipmentnotavailableDrawpointsecondaryblastingcrewsnotavailableCrusher’sandinfrastructurenot

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