sntnI]lymph[Imf]node

mastectomy（L andsentinel[

biopsy

[asi] .

breastcancer

modifiedradicalmastectomy

gynecomastia[,gainiku

subcutaneous[,sbkju:teinis]glandresection

mastitis（ ）

incisionanddrainageofmastitis

mastitisresection

breastconservingsurgeryL

chestwallmass

laparoscopicexploratory

double-cavitystomareversionofileum.（

transversecolostomy

rectalcancer（ ）

gastriccancer

coloncancer）

ascendingcolon

radicalresection

sigmoidcoloncancerlaparoscopicrectalcancerradicalresection

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z

exploratorylaparotomy（ ）

totalgastrectomy.

intestinal[intestnl]obstruction[1 ）

pyloric[paiolb:rsiktr]uction

gastricstromaltumor abdominalcavityneoplasm

omentectomy（ ）.

righthemicolectomy[,hemik'lektmi]

corporaventriculineoplasm

esophagealcarcinoma（

leinomyoma

cardiaccarcinoma）

pulmonarynodule

lungwedgeresection radicalresectionof

inferiorlobeofleftlunglesion（ ）thoracoscopic

lungcancer

inferiorlobebasalsegment

superiorlobeofrightlungresectionexploratorythoracotomy

lymphnodesbiopsy

mediastinalmass

thoracoscopicpulmonarylobectomy

longitudinalstraightonthebreastbonemediastinalmassresection

pulmonarybullae

pneumonectomy（ ）.

pneumothorax[nju:m0:rk

superiorlobeapicoposteriorsegmentleftlungresection

pneumonectomy

bonedestruction

leftfourthcostatectomy

segmentectomyofrightlung esophagogastrostomy

prostatecancer（

kidney/renaltumor

renalcysts

adrenaltumors

adrenalpheochromocytoma

bladdermass

totalcystectomy.

bilateralureterskinstoma（ ）

partialcystectomy

cystitis

ureteralmass

radicalnephrectomy

nephroureterectomywithexcisionofbladdercuff partial

nephrectomy（ ）unroofingofrenalcyst ainguinal

hernia inguinalmass herniorrhaphy[,h:ni'rfi]（

）retroperitoneoscopy（ ）retroperitoneallaparoscopic（

）laparoscopicradicalresectionofprostate

transurethralresectionofbladdercancer .penile

malignanttumor partialamputationofpenis（

）testicular[tes'tkjl]cyst（ epididymis[,ep'ddms]cyst（

varicocele['vrk（）,sil]

Lbilateral

highligationofISV（internalspermaticvein

squamouscarcinoma )

inguinallymphnodebiopsy

.Hydrocele

thyroidneoplasm

epiglotticcyst（ ）

thyroidtumor

thyroidexploration

vocalnodule

laryngoscopelaryngeallasersurgery

parotidmass

resectionofparotidplusfacialnervedissection

sphenoiditis（ ）

sinusitis

nasalpolyp['plp]

tonguesquamouscarcinoma ）

tonguelesionexploration

nasalendoscopic[endskpik]sinussurgery

mass（

totallaryngectomyandbilateralneckdissection

.laryngeal

facial

oropharynx[ur

frinks

mucosa lesionbiopsy

lichenplanus

mandibular（

upperjawbone（ ）

maxillarysinus

chronictonsillitis（ ）

tonsillar

thyroglossal

endoscopicbilateraltonsillectomy

cyst[sst]

gingival[dn neleplAsm

dorsallingualmass

palatine[ pl

exelcymosis[ekselsains

submaxillary[,sbmk'slr]gland

submandibular[,sbmn'dibjul]mass（

externalauditorycanal（ ）

otitismedia（tympanitis[,timp'naitis]（maxillectomy

.（conchoplasty）jaw

verticalpartial

laryngectomy

impactedtooth

auricularmass

thrombophlebitisofsigmoidsinus（tympanoplastytheplastyofthecavityofauricularconchabonemassthyroidectomyandneckdissections

preauricularfistula

tracheotomy

[,trkitmi]submentaltumor

sublingualglandcyst

Duodenaltumor

hepaticmetastatictumor（ ）

calculouscholecystitis

gallstone['glstn]

pancreas

cholelithiasis（ ）[kll'0ase]ductexploration

pancreatictailneoplasm

pancreaticbodyandtailresectioncholangiocarcinoma

choledochojejunostomy

pancreaticoduodenectomy（ ）hepaticcancer

hepatichemangioma[hi,mnd'om]

cholecysticpolyp ）

laparoscopiccholecystectomy

obstructivejaundice（ ）

ultrasoundguidedmicrowavecuringoflivercancer（

righthepatectomy

laparoscopicfenestration[,fen'stre（）n]

pancreaticbodyandtailresection

splenectomy[splnek

commonbileduct

myomaofuterus cervicallesions endometrial

carcinoma（ ）cervicalcance uterusleiomyoma

uterinecavity

occupationdisease

ovariancancer=oophoroma

adenomyosisofuterus（ ）

endometriosis

laparoscopicextensivetotalhysterectomyandpelviclymphadenectomy（

）.

hysteromyomadecollement（

laparoscopichysterectomylaparoscopicbilateraladnexectomy

salpingectomy[,slpindectmi].

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z

extensiveresectionofvaginalstump ）

partialhysterectomy

pelvicmass（ ）

exploratorylaparotomy（ ）

ovarianchocolatecyst

laparoscopicovariancystectomy ）

endometrialatypicalhyperplasia（ ）extensivetotal

uterectomypluspelviclymphadenectomy（ +

）

Omentummajus

placentaprevia(

intrauterinepregnancy

cesareandelivery.)

vulvaecarcinoma resectionofinguinallymphnodes

extensivevulvaeresection

adnexal( )mass

cervicalconization

scarpregnancy )

caesarean).

oophorectomy(luanchaoqiechu)prolapse[prlps]ofuterus( )

transvaginal[trnsveid3i:nl]hysterectomy(TVHre)paanirdofvaginalwall

+

salpingectomy(

cytoreductivesurgery

hysteroscopicresectionofcervical

laparoscopicexploratory

myoma.

anteriorvaginalwallprolapse

，internal

posteriorthoracicvertebradecompressionfixationandvertebroplasty

lumbarspinalcanaldecompressionandvertebroplastyandinternalfixationanteriorL4vertebralresection

prostheticvertebralreplacement

bonegraft

bonecementfilling

themedialmalleolus

shank[k]debridement

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z

multiplefracturedribs .

proximalhumerusbonefracture

elbow（ ）mass

forearm neoplasm

debridementandsuturing（ ）.

poplitealcyst

pubislesionbiopsy

hypophysoma[haipufisi]

=pituitary[pitju:itadenoma

hydrocephalus[,haidrs》f）

trans-nasalapproachonpituitaryadenomaresection

multiplemeningioma（ ）intracranialtumor topofthe

occipitallobe（ ）neoplasm ）

frontalmass

parietallobe[p a）tl]（

cerebellaroccupying

temporallobe

intraventric