公共管理碩士（MPA）聯(lián)考英語真題（Time：180minutes）PartIStructureandVocabulary（20%）Directions：Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil.1.Thewomandoesnotmind___inthebedroom.A.herhusband`ssmokingB.herhusband`ssmokeC.herhusbandtohaveasmokeD.herhusbandtosmoke2.Irealizedthatshewasthewoman___theworldeventonyesterday`sTVprogram.A.reportedB.havingreportingC.toreportD.reporting3.MarytoldmethatyouweregoingtomakealongjourneytoAustralia，____？A.didn`tyouB.weren`tyouC.wouldn`tD.hadn`tyou4.Heknewclearlythattherewasnothinghecoulddo____A.buttowaitB.butwaitingC.butwaitD.buttohavewaited5.____yourhelp，wewouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintime.A.ButforB.BecauseofC.InspiteofD.Apartfrom6.____，weturnontheair-conditioner.A.ItisahotdayB.BeingahotdayC.ItisbeingahotdayD.Thedaybeinghot7.“Mr.JacksonleftforColumbus，Ohiolongago.”“Oh，that`sapity.Iwish_____”A.I`dmeethimB.I`dhavemethimC.I`dmethimD.I`11meethim8.Nosoonerhadwereachedtherailwaystation__itstartedtorain.A.whenB.whileC.thenD.than9.Accustomedtoclimbingtrees，_____A.IhadnodifficultyreachingthetopB.ReachingthetopwasnothardtomeC.ThetopwasnotdifficultformetoreachD.Toreachthetopwasnotaproblemforme10.PeterlikeswatchingTV__tothecinema.A.morethantogoB.morethangoingC.thangoingD.ratherthantogo11.Mr.Wangstudiedthe__carefullybeforehesignedtheagreement.A.conditionsB.chargesC.pricesD.terms12.Ittooktheoldladyalmostthreemonthsto_____herillness.A.getoverB.gooverC.getthroughD.gothrough13.It`sbeyondanydoubtthathumanbeingscannot__anuclearwar.A.endureB.maintainC.surviveD.sustain14.Bob`sstrangebehaviorarousedthe__ofthepolice.A.suspicionB.oppositionC.pityD.anxiety15.Wepaygreatattentiontotheweatherbecauseit____usinmanyways-whatwewear，whatwedo，etc.A.effectsB.affectsC.servesD.benefits16.Thesecretarywassoupsetthatittookquitealongtimetoher.A.criticizeB.praiseC.comfortD.annoy17.Maryisanicegirl_____sometimessheisabitcareless.A.exceptB.exceptthatC.inthatD.butthat18.Thefamousscholarisa____person，thosewhoknowhimallspeakhighlyofhim.A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectableD.respecting19.Mrs.Smithsaidthatshedidnotwantto_____anyfurtherresponsibilities.A.takeonB.getonC.lookupD.catchup20.Womenwere____therighttovoteuntilthe20thcentury.A.ignoredB.declinedC.deprivedD.deniedPartIIReadingComprehension（50％）SectionA（40%）Directions：Thereare4passagesinthispart.EachPassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Thereisalotofargumentbetweenpeoplewhobelieveinthetruthofoldweatherrhymes（韻文）andpeoplewhoarereluctanttobelieveinthem.Thefirstgroupthinkstherhymesarehelpful，butmanyotherssaythattheyarejustsillydevicesthataremoreconfusingthanuseful.Forexample，onerhymesays，“Redskyatmorning，sailorstakewarning.Redskyatnight，sailors`delight.`Whatwoulditmean？Thedisbelieversask，ifaredskyatnightwasfollowedbyamoonwitharingaroundit？Areyousupposedtodiscardoneofthesigns？Orperhapsyoushoulddismissbothsignsasanoddityofnature.Probablythebestideaistoadmitthatitisanillusionthatrhymescanpredicttheweatherandgotobed.Inspiteoftheseproblems，peoplewhobelieveinweathersayingscontinuetotakethemseriously.Sometimestheyareactuallyunhappywhenthesignsdonottellthemwhattheywanttohear.OnFebruary2，ifthegroundhog（美國土撥鼠）comesoutofitsden，seesitsshadow，andreturnstotheden，believersaresaddenedbecausetherewillbesixmoreweeksofwinter.However，ifthegroundhoghappenstocomeoutofitsdenonFebruary2andstayout，thesamepeoplerejoice，foritisasignofthearrivalofspring.ThisisenoughtomakesomebelieversbribethegroundhogtostayoutdoorsuntilFebruary3.However，therearesomefolkbeliefsabouttheweatherthatreallyseemtowork.Grandma`sachingjointshavelongservedasapainfulbutfascinatingwaytoforeseeachangeintheweather.Nevertheless，somescientistssaythereisnothingfoolishaboutthisbelief.Thepainthatpenetrateseachjointisbroughtaboutbyachangeinairpressure，suchasthechangethatproceedsastorm.MaybesomeoftheseoldsuperstitionshaveaBasisinfact.Inanycase，itwouldntberuinoustoyourhealthandyouwouldnotoffendanyoneifthenexttimeyouseeasignofstormdanger，likebirdsroostingonatelephoneline，yourunforshelter.Eveneminentscientistssometimesactsuperstitiously.21.Accordingtoanoldweatherrhyme，aredskyatnightmeansthatA.coldweatherwillbesetinsoonB.itisdangeroustogosailingthenextdayC.thereisnostormcomingD.rainwillsoonbecoming22.TheauthorholdsthatweatherrhymesA.shouldnotbetakenseriouslyB.areextremelyhelpfulinpredictingtheweatherC.haveascientificbasisD.aremoreconfusingthanuseful23.Accordingtosomeweathersigns，ifthegroundhogseesitsshadowandreturnstoitsden，itmeansthatA.springisroundthecornerB.springisstillfarawayC.thegroundhoghasbeenbribedD.thegroundhoghasnotbeenbribed24.WelearnfromthepassagethatastormfollowsachangeinA.humidityB.temperatureC.airpressureD.moisture25.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTA.prominentscientistsaresometimessuperstitiousB.flocksofbirdsroostingonatelephonelinesignifystormyweatherC.GroundhogDayisFebruary2D.thepaininaperson`sjointsisprobablycausedbyachangeinbloodpressureQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Howshouldgiftedchildrenbeidentified？Parentsmaynotbeabletoidentifygiftedchildren；theydonothavesuffieientbasisforcomparison.Theirobservationsmaybedistortedbytheirambitions.However，theymaybeabletofurnishdetailsaboutthechild`searlydevelopmentthatindicatetothediseerningteacherorpsychologistthepresenceofsuperiorability.Teacherswhoarefamiliarwiththecharacteristicsofgiftedchildrenandwhohaveachancetoobservechildreninaninformalandchallengingenvironmentcangiveevidencethatisvaluableinidentifyingthegifted.Teachershavedailyopportunitytoobservehowskillfullychildrenuselanguage，howquicklytheyseerelations，howsensitivetheyaretothingsintheirenvironment，howreadilytheylearn，howeasilytheyremember.Moreover，giftedchildrenusuallyshowoutstandingresourcefulnessandimagination，sustainedattention，andwideinterests.Classroomandplaygroundalsoofferopportunitiestoidentifychildrenwhogetalongexceptionallywellwithothersandhandlefrustratingsituationswithexceptionalmaturity.Itismostrewardingtostudychildren`sinteractioningroups.However，teachershavebeengivenlittlehelpinusingthesedailyopportunitiestoidentifyandeducatethesociallygifted.Likeparentalobservation，teacherobservationalsohasitspitfalls.Someteachershaveatendencytooverratetheabilitiesofdocile，obedient，conscientiouschildren.Othersfailtorecognizepotentialgiftednessthatissuppressedbyemotionalconflictsorbyboredomwithdull，routinized，teacher-dominatedsituations.26.Accordingtotheauthor，parents__A.areveryimportanttoexpertsinidentifyinggiftedchildrenB.areusuallyobjectiveinidentifyinggiftedchildrenC.arenotveryreliableinidentifyinggiftedchildrenD.aremorehelpfulthanteachersinidentifyinggiftedchildren27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcharacteristicofagiftedchild？A.ImaginationB.JealousyC.SensitivityD.Curiosity28.Theword“handle”inthethirdparagraphcanbereplacedbyA.alterB.faceC.takeinD.dealwith29.Theauthorthinksthatinidentifyingthesociallygiftedchildren，itisworthwhiletoA.observetheirinteractioningroupsB.measuretheirsensitivitytoproblemsC.determinetheirscholasticaptitudeD.studytheirflexibilityofideas30.Thelastparagraphtellsthereaderthat____A.teachersareasincapableofidentifyinggiftedchildrenasparentsB.teachersoftenCionotgetalongwellwithgiftedchildrenC.teacherssometimesmakebiasedobservationsinidentifyinggiftedchildrenD.teachersveryse[dommakemistakesinidentifyinggiftedchildrenQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Einstein`searliestpoliticalactivitycameduringtheFirstWormWar，whenhewasaprofessorinBerlin.Sickenedbywhathesawasthewasteofhumanlives，hebecameinvolvedinantiwardemonstrations.Hisadvocacyofcivildisobedienceandpublicencouragementofpeopletorefuseconscription（征兵）didlittletoendearhimtohiscolleagues.Then，followingthewar，hedirectedhiseffortstowardreconciliationandimprovinginternationalrelations.This，too，didnotmakehimpopular，andsoonhispoliticsweremakingitdifficultforhimtovisittheUnitedStates，eventogivelectures.Einstein`ssecondgreatcausewasZionism（猶太復(fù)國主義）。AlthoughhewasJewishbydescent，EinsteinrejectedthebiblicalideaofGod.However，agrowingawarenessofanti-Semitism（反猶太人主義），bothbeforeandduringtheFirstWorldWar，ledhimgraduallytoidentifywiththeJewishcommunity，andlatertobecomeanoutspokensupporterofZionism.Oncemoreunpopularitydidnotstophimfromspeakinghismind.Histheoriescameunderattack；ananti-Einsteinorganizationwasevensetup.OnemanwasconvictedofincitingotherstomurderEinstein（andfinedameresixdollars）。ButEinsteinremainedcalm：whenabookwaspublishedentitled100AuthorsAgainstEinstein，heretorted，“IfIwerewrong，thenonewouldhavebeenenough！”In1933，Hitlercametopower.EinsteinwasinAmerica，anddeclaredhewouldnotreturntoGermany.Then，whileNazimilitiaraidedhishouseandconfiscatedhisbankaccount，aBerlinnewspaperdisplayedtheheadline“GoodNewsFromEinstein-He`sNotComingBack.”InthefaceoftheNazithreat，Einsteinrenouncedpacifism，andeventually，fearingthatGermanscientistswouldbuildanuclearbomb，proposedthattheUnitedStatesshoulddevelopitsown.Butevenbeforethefirstatomicbombhadbeendetonated，hewaspubliclywarningofthedangersofnuclearwarandproposinginternationalcontrolofnuclearweaponry.31.DuringtheFirstWorldWar，EinsteinA.turnedablindeyetothewasteofhumanlivesB.remainedopenlyhostiletohisgovernmentC.calledonhiscolleaguestogotowarandfightfortheirowncountryD.urgedhisgovernmenttoresorttoconscriptiontogetanadequatearmy32.Einstein`sattitudetowardtheFirstWorldWarandZionismA.wasdramaticallychangedwhenitbecameunderattackB.wasslightlychangedbythepersuasionofhisfellowcountrymenC.madehimanenemyofsomeofhisfellowcountrymenD.earnedhimtherespectofhisfellowcountrymen33.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatEinstein__A.wasaverypiousChristianB.wastoonaiveinpoliticsC.achievedagreatsuccessinpoliticsD.didnotbelieveinGod34.Bysaying：“IfIwerewrong，thenonewouldhavebeenenough！”，EinsteinmeantthatA.hewasfightingforarighteouscauseB.those100authorsweregoodfornothingC.those100authorswerebribedbytheNaziregimeD.hewasmuchmorecompetentthanthose100authors35.WhenEinsteindecidednottoreturntoGermany，themediaA.feltfrustratedB.wasdelightedC.becamefuriousD.keptsilentQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing，itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners，thearts，literature，andphilosophy，andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact，itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife，apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety，forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup，orinacaste（社會等級）society.Fashionbehavesasamovement，andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich，bycomparison，isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation（仿效）。Inaclasssociety，theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelite（精英）arenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem，who，inturn，areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However，theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable，byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers，andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria，onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion，oncelaunched，movestoitsdoom.Asamovement，fashionshowslittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle，itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave，orrequire，anideology.Further，sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement，itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.36.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat__A.fashionoperatesineverysocietyB.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplifeC.fashionoriginatesinaclasssocietyD.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety37.Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion？A.PhilosophersB.ArtistsC.WritersD.Thesocialelite38.ThefollowingstatementsarefalseEXCEPTA.fashion，asamovement，isstaticB.afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunchedC.afashionwillnevervanishonceitisintroducedD.theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement39.Accordingtotheauthor，afashionmovement__A.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganizationB.haslittleincommonwithothermovementsC.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingitD.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues40.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovementA.isaformofexpressivebehaviorB.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehaviorC.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipantsD.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovementsSectionB（10%）Directions：Readthefollowingpassageandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Ifthetechnologicalrevolutioncontinuestohaveitseffects，therewillbefewerandfewerjobsavailable，particularlytoschoolleaversandthoseovertheageoffifty.Ifthereareonlyhalfthenumberofjobsinthefuture，menandwomenwillhavetosharethem.Twopeoplewillthereforeworkonlytwentyhourseachinsteadofthefortytheyarecurrentlyaccustomedto.Itisawellknownfactthatthosewhosufferfromstressatworkareoftennothigh-poweredexecutivesbutunskilledworkersdoingboring，repetitivejobs，especiallythoseonproductionlines.Unemploymentoftenhasasimilareffectonitsvictims.Ifwewishtopreventhistypeofstressandthedepression（沮喪）thatfrequentlyfollowslongperiodsofit，wewillhavetofindwaysofducatingpeopletocopewiththissuddenincreaseinleisuretime.Manyhavealreadyturnedtopillsandtabletstocombatsleeplessnessandanxiety，twoofthesymptomsoflong-termstressanddepression.InAmerica，wespend$650millionayearondifferentkindsofmedicines.Weswallowastaggering（大驚人）threemillionsleepingtabletseverynight.Althoughthese“drugsofthemind”canbeextremelyusefulincasesofcrisis，themajorityofpatientswouldbebetteroffwithoutthem.Theboredomandfrustrationofunemploymentarenottheonlycausesofstress：poorhousing，familyproblems，overcrowdingandfinancialworryareallsignificantfactors.Nevertheless，doc-torsbelievethatifpeoplelearnttobreatheproperly，tookmoreexercise，usedtheirleisuretimemoreactivelyandexpressedtheirangerinsteadofbottlingitup，theywouldnotdependsomuchondrugs，whichtreatonlythesymptomsandnotthecauseofthestress.Ifdoctorsrefusedprescriptionsmoreoftenanddiscouragedpatientswithminorailmentsfromvisitingtheclinic，thecountrywouldhavemoremoneytospendonimprovingleisurefacilitiesandadulteducation，whichareatpresentinadequateinmanypartsofthecountry.Moreover，doctorswouldhavemoretimetospendonthosepatientsinrealneedoftheirhelp.41.Willthetechnologicalrevolutionprovideadequateemploymentopportunitiesforschoolleaversifitcontinuestohaveitseffects？42.Howmanyhoursdopeopleworkaweakatpresent？43.Whatwillhappentoapersonifhesuffersfromlong-termstressanddepression？44.Howmanycausesofstressdoestheauthorlistinthepassage？45.Ifpeoplewanttoreducestressanddepression，whatattitudeshouldtheytakeaccordingtosomedoctors？PartIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation（15%）Directions：Readthefollowingpassagecarefully.ThentranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Politicsarethosevarietiesofhumaninteractionthatdecidewhogetswhat，when，andhow.Politicalbehaviorisgoal-seekingbehavior.The“whos，”“whats，”whens，“and”hows“ofpoliticsvarywithtime，place，andsituation；butthebasicgoal-seekingnatureofpoliticalinteractionremainsconstant.Movingonestepfurther，apoliticalsystemcanbedefinedasacollectionofmenorgroupswhointeractintheirgoal-seekingpursuits.Politicalsystemscould，forexample，includeindividualsinteractingiffpursuitofinfluenceinanyorganization，ininterestgroups，orinpartiesinteractinginpursu