全新版大學(xué)進(jìn)階英語(yǔ)Book1Unit5TheWaterProblemWhat27stheworldtodoaboutwaterHumanity’sTop10ProblemsWhatwillbethetop10problemsofhumanityforthenext50years?

2023/5/252Humanity’sTop10ProblemsEnergyWater2023/5/253Humanity’sTop10ProblemsFoodEnvironment2023/5/254Humanity’sTop10ProblemsPovertyTerrorismandWar2023/5/255Humanity’sTop10ProblemsDiseaseEducation2023/5/256Humanity’sTop10ProblemsDemocracyPopulation2023/5/257Humanity’sTop10ProblemsEnergyWaterFoodEnvironmentPovertyTerrorism&warDiseaseEducationDemocracyPopulationRichardSmalley(1943-2005)2023/5/258Humanity’sTop10ProblemsRichardSmalley(1943-2005)ProfessorofChemistryandaProfessorofPhysicsandAstronomyatRiceUniversity,inHouston,Texas;In1996,AwardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforthediscoveryofanewformofcarbon,buckminsterfullerene,alsoknownasbuckyballs;Anadvocateofnanotechnologyanditsapplications;UponSmalley'sdeath,theUSSenatepassedaresolutiontohonorSmalley,creditinghimasthe"FatherofNanotechnology."2023/5/259添加頁(yè)腳Humanity’sTop10ProblemsEnergyWaterFoodEnvironmentPovertyTerrorism&warDiseaseEducationDemocracyPopulationRichardSmalley(1943-2005)2023/5/2510添加頁(yè)腳OpenerWatchthevideocliptwiceandcompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.2023/5/2511添加頁(yè)腳Openerthecomingglobalwatercrisis/waterproblemhumanuse;agriculturetheearth;freshwater2023/5/2512添加頁(yè)腳OpenerToday,accordingtoUNICEF,atleast2.6billionpeoplelackadequatesanitation,while1.1billionpeoplelivewithoutcleandrinkingwaterperiod.Wateristhekeycomponentinallofourdailylivesnomatterwherewelive,notonlyforhumanuse,butforenergy,industry,agriculture,andlivestock.Nowifyoulookattheearth,you’llnoticethatover75%ofourblueplanetiswater.Theproblemisonly3%ofthatwaterisfreshwater.2023/5/2513添加頁(yè)腳Man-madeWaterPollutionIndustrialwastewaterDailylifesewagePesticideandfertilizerpollution2023/5/2514添加頁(yè)腳WaterProtectionAretheregoodwaystoprotectwater?Forgovernment:Toestablishtheurbansewagetreatmentsystem.Torestructuretheindustries.Tostrengthentheplanningandmanagementofwaterresources.Tocontroltheagriculturalpollution.Forbusiness:Toreducewaterconsumption.Tobuyequipmentofsewagetreatment.Donotdischargesewageintowater.Toestablishthewaterrecyclingsystem.2023/5/2515添加頁(yè)腳WaterProtectionAretheregoodwaystoprotectwater?Forindividuals:Don’tusecleanerswhichcausepollution.Donotthrowgarbageintoriverorsea.Tellthepeoplearoundtoprotectwater.2023/5/2516添加頁(yè)腳WaterSavingDoyouhavegoodwaystosavewater?Turnoffthewatertapwhenyouleave.Washclothesmanuallyinsteadofusingwashingmachines.Collecttherainingwaterwhenraining.Donotplaywaterforfun.Choosetheequipmentlabeled“watersaving”.Reducethetimeshavingabath.2023/5/2517添加頁(yè)腳What’s

the

World

to

Do

about

Water?Reading&InteractingFormsofLiteratureArgumentativewritingNarrativewritingExpositorywriting2023/5/2519添加頁(yè)腳TextOrganizationParas.1-2Paras.3-7Paras.8-9Paras.10IntroductionBody

Conclusion

2023/5/2520添加頁(yè)腳DetailedReading(PartI)Howdoestheauthorraisethewaterproblematthebeginningofthearticle?Whydoeshedoitinthisway?Tointroducethewaterproblem,theauthortellsusaboutwhathappenedonenightwhenheandhis7-year-olddaughterwere___________________________.Insodoingtheauthortriestointroducethereadertoa__________topicina__________manner.Besides,italsoremindsusofthefactthateveryonecanplayarole,eveninourdailylife,in_______________.brushingteethtogetherseriouscasualsavingwater2023/5/2521添加頁(yè)腳In2007,whenmydaughterwassevenyearsold,wewouldbrushourteethtogethereverynightaspartofourdailyritual.Toconservewater,wewouldturnoffthefaucetafterwettingourbrushesandturnitbackononlytorinse.Onenight,Ididn’tturnoffthewaterfastenoughtoherliking.Sheturnedoffthefaucet,madeanangryfaceatme,andgrowled,“Turnoffthewater,Daddy.Thescientistsneedtime.”conserve:v.usewithoutwasting;protectfromlossordestruction節(jié)約使用；保護(hù)e.g.Toconserveenergy,mostfamiliesinthisapartmentbuildingdonotturnontheair-conditionersexceptinextremeweather.為了節(jié)約能源，這幢樓大多數(shù)人家若非高溫一般不開(kāi)空調(diào)。Para.1conservationn.e.g.Waterconservationtopsthelistofoururgenttasks.節(jié)水是我們工作的重中之重。toone’sliking:中意，稱心e.g.“Wedoourbesttoensurethatthefoodweserveisalwaystoyourliking,”saidtheowneroftherestauranttous.“我們盡力提供你們滿意的菜肴，”飯店老板對(duì)我們說(shuō)。Para.1UnderstandingtheTextSOnenight,Ididn’tturnoffthewaterfastenoughtoherliking.(Para.1)

|Onenight,shewasn'tpleasedwiththewayIturnedoffthewater,becauseshethoughtIdidn’tdoitfastenough.Onenight,Ididn’tturnoffthewaterasfastasshedid;itseemedthatshelikeddoingitherself.一天晚上，女兒認(rèn)為我關(guān)龍頭動(dòng)作不夠快，不樂(lè)意了。Para.1Thatstatementstillringsinmyearstoday,notonlybecauseofherprecociousnessbutalsobecauseshewasexactlyright.Weneedtoconserveourresourcestobuyourselvestimesoscientistscanfindnewsolutionstoourproblems.Andthisisespeciallytrueforwater.ringinone’sears:makeonefeelthatonecanstillhearsth.猶言在耳e.g.Shewenttobedwiththesongstillringinginherears.她上床睡覺(jué)，歌聲仍縈繞在耳。resource:n.(usu.pl.)資源e.g.Landresourcesinthissmallislandcountryareextremelyscarce.這個(gè)彈丸島國(guó)的土地資源極為稀少。Para.2Source:theplacewhereastreamorriverstartsaperson,place,thingoractivityfromwhichonegetssth.e.g.Over40percentofBritishadultsusetelevisionastheirmajorsourceofinformationaboutthearts.40%以上的英國(guó)成年人把電視當(dāng)作獲取藝術(shù)文化信息的主要途徑。Resource:(usu.pl.)sth.thatcanbeusedforsupportorhelpsth.thatexistsinacountryandcanbeusedtoincreaseitswealthe.g.Somefamiliesdon'thavetheresourcestofeedthemselvesproperly.有些家庭無(wú)力維持生活。Para.2源頭來(lái)源財(cái)力，物力資源UnderstandingtheTextSWeneedtoconserveourresourcestobuyourselvestimesoscientistscanfindnewsolutionstoourproblems.(Para.2)2Weshouldconserveourresources.Ifwedosothemoneywesavewillbeusedtofindnewsolutionstoourproblems.Weshouldconserveourresources.Ifwedosotheresourceswillprobablylastlongenoughforscientiststofindnewsolutionstoourproblems.我們必須節(jié)約資源，爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間，使科學(xué)家來(lái)得及找到解決問(wèn)題的新方法。Para.2Paras.1-2Weneedto__________wateraggressivelysothatscientistscanhavetimetofind________.Part1conservesolutions2023/5/2528添加頁(yè)腳Waterisontracktobethemostimportantandmostcontentiousresourceofthe21stcentury.Itcouldreplaceoilasthestrategicresourcethattriggersgeopoliticalconflicts.Butwiththerightsolutions,itcouldalsobetheonethatbringsusalltogether.ontrack:likelytoachievetheresultyouwant步入……軌道；有望e.g.Pleasegetthediscussionontrack.Timeislimited.請(qǐng)不要岔開(kāi)話題。時(shí)間有限。Theboyisontracktobecomeachessmaster.這孩子有望成為象棋大師。Para.3replace:v.beusedinsteadofsth./sb.else,putsb./sth.newintheplaceorpositionofsb./sth.取代e.g.Willcomputersevercompletelyreplacebooks?電腦會(huì)不會(huì)完全取代書(shū)本？AnAmericancollegegraduatehasbeenhiredtoreplaceourpreviousEnglishteacher.他們請(qǐng)了個(gè)美國(guó)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生取代我們?cè)瓉?lái)的英文老師。strategic:a.戰(zhàn)略的，戰(zhàn)略上的e.g.ThecityofZhangjiakouislocatedatastrategicposition.張家口市地處戰(zhàn)略要沖。Thebridgehasgreatstrategicvalue.這座橋具有重要的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值。Para.3conflict:n.afight,battleorstruggle,astateofoppositionbetweenideas,interests,etc.沖突，矛盾e.g.Thereisalonghistoryofconflictsoverwaterresourcesbetweenthetwocountries.兩國(guó)長(zhǎng)期存在水資源沖突。Para.3DetailedReading(Para.3)Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwaterwillmostprobablybecomethemostcontentiousresourceofthe21stcentury?Hemeansthatwaterismostlikelytobecomea______________resourcelikeoilthatcould_________________________________.strategictriggergeopoliticalconflict2023/5/2532添加頁(yè)腳DetailedReading(PartⅡ)Howdoestheauthortrytoprovethatwaterisonthetopofthelistoftheworldproblemstoday?He________thelateNobelLaureateRichardSmalley’slistofhumanity’stop10problemsforthenext50years.cites2023/5/2533添加頁(yè)腳In2003,thelateNobelLaureateRichardSmalleygavealectureatRiceUniversity’sEnergy&NanotechnologyConferencehighlightinghumanity’stop10problemsforthenext50years.Hislist,indescendingorderofimportance,was:energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation.highlight:v.givespecialattentionto(sth.);emphasize使突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)e.g.Theteachersaid,“Writeaparagraphcenteringaroundatopicsentence,andhighlightyourtopicsentenceinyellow.”老師說(shuō)：“段落圍繞中心句展開(kāi)，中心句用黃色標(biāo)出?！眅nvironment:n.環(huán)境e.g.Howcanwecreateaworkplaceenvironmentthatencouragesinnovation?如何營(yíng)造鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的工作環(huán)境？Para.4UnderstandingtheTextSHislist,indescendingorderofimportance,was:energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation.(Para.4)3Hislistcontainstenitems:energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation.Theyarearrangedinsuchawaythateachitemismoreimportantthantheonethatfollowsit.Thetenitemsonhislist—energy,water,food,environment,poverty,terrorismandwar,disease,education,democracy,andpopulation—aregraduallylosingimportancenow.他列出的問(wèn)題清單，按重要性排序，依次是：能源、水、食品、環(huán)境、貧困、恐怖主義和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病、教育、民主，以及人口。Para.4Thereasonenergyandwatersitatthetop,aheadoffoodandpoverty,isthataddressingthemmakessubsequentproblemseasiertodealwith.Developingabundantsourcesofclean,reliable,affordableenergyenablesanabundanceofcleanwater.Anabundanceofcleanwaterenablesfoodproductionandprotectstheenvironment.Andsoforth.subsequent:a.happeningaftersth.else隨后的，后來(lái)的e.g.Thehousewasbuiltin1980,andhasbeenexpandedseveraltimesinsubsequentyears.這幢房建于1980年，之后數(shù)次擴(kuò)建。Insubsequentinterviewsthecandidatedeniedwhathehadsaidthatnight.那位候選人在嗣后的采訪中否認(rèn)了當(dāng)晚所說(shuō)的話。Para.5abundant:a.大量的，充裕的e.g.Theprojectaimsatprovidingabundantenergyinpower-starvedareasoftheworld.該項(xiàng)目旨在為世界上能源不足的地區(qū)提供充足的能源。source:n.來(lái)源；源頭（指河流的源頭，或資金、信息等的來(lái)源，不同于“resource”，后者常指體現(xiàn)國(guó)家、組織或個(gè)人實(shí)力的資源）e.g.Exhibitionsareanimportantsourceofincomeformanyartists.開(kāi)展會(huì)是不少藝術(shù)家重要的收入來(lái)源。reliable:a.可靠的，可信賴的e.g.Dogs,iftreatedproperlyandtrainedwithfirmkindness,arefaithfulandreliable.只要你對(duì)它好，訓(xùn)練時(shí)態(tài)度堅(jiān)決而友善，狗都能變得忠實(shí)可靠。enable:v.使成為可能；使能夠e.g.Thecellphonewillenableyoutocallforhelpfromanywhere.手機(jī)可以讓你在任何地方呼求幫助。Para.5UnderstandingtheTextSThereasonenergyandwatersitatthetop,aheadoffoodandpoverty,isthataddressingthemmakessubsequentproblemseasiertodealwith.(Para.5)4Energyandwaterarethetoptwoproblemsonthelist.Thereasonisthatifwestarttosolvetheseproblems,theotherproblemsthatfollowthemonthelist,suchasfoodandpoverty,willbeeasiertodealwith.Energyandwaterarelistedasthetwoproblemsmoreimportantthanfoodandpoverty.Thisisbecauseoncewestartworkingonthem,addressingfoodshortageandpovertywillbeeasierlateron.能源和水位居榜首，排在食品和貧困之前，其原因是解決前兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，后面的問(wèn)題就比較容易解決了。Para.5DetailedReading(Para.5)Whatdoes“affordableenergy"mostprobablymean?Itmostprobablymeansenergyproducedata______cost.low2023/5/2539添加頁(yè)腳DetailedReading(Paras.4-5)OnPro.Smalley’slistoftheproblemsforthefirsthalfofthiscentury,energyandwatersitatthetop.Whyisitso?Becausesolvingtheenergyandwaterproblemswillmaketheotherproblems________todealwith.Abundantenergyandwatersupplieswill_________foodproductionand_________theenvironment.Theywillalso________povertyanddisease,andsoforth.easierincreaseimprovereduce2023/5/2540添加頁(yè)腳Inmanyways,the1900swasthecenturyofenergyconflict.Now,thedawnofanewenergyeraisjustaroundthecorner—withthepricesofsolarpowergoingdown,anddistributedgenerationandenergyefficiencyonthepointoftakingoff—andwecanforeseeatimethiscenturywhenwaterreplacesenergyasthenextgreatchallengeforhumanity.Gettingwaterrightcouldclearthepathtoafullyliberated,healthy,andpeacefulcivilization.aroundthecorner:notfaraway,comingverysoon不遠(yuǎn)；即將到來(lái)e.g.Thepetrolstationisaroundthecorner.加油站就在附近。Christmasisjustaroundthecorner.圣誕節(jié)即將來(lái)臨。Para.6godown:下降e.g.Ifhousingpricescontinuetogodown,manysmallbankswillgobankrupt.如果房?jī)r(jià)持續(xù)走低，不少小銀行就會(huì)破產(chǎn)。Shebelievesthatinterestrateswillgodowninthenextfewweeks.她認(rèn)為在接下來(lái)的數(shù)周內(nèi)利率會(huì)下降。distribute:v.分發(fā)；散布；分配e.g.Asfreshmen,theymustlearnquicklyhowtodistributetheirtimeamongtheseveralcoursestheytake.作為新生，他們必須很快學(xué)會(huì)不同的課程怎么分配時(shí)間。Theybelievethattodistributewealthproperlyisatleastasimportantastocreatewealth.他們認(rèn)為財(cái)富的合理分配至少和創(chuàng)造財(cái)富同等重要。Para.6efficiency:n.效率e.g.Sheisalwaysseekingtoimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofteaching.她一直琢磨著如何提高教學(xué)效率、改善教學(xué)效果。onthepointof:aboutto(dosth.)正要……e.g.Theresearchersbelievethattheyareonthepointofabreakthrough.那些研究者認(rèn)為他們即將取得突破性進(jìn)展。foresee:(foresaw,foreseen)v.thinkorknowsth.isgoingtohappeninthefuture預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知e.g.Didscientistsforeseetherevolutionincommunicationtechnology?當(dāng)時(shí)科學(xué)家有沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)到這一通訊科技的重大變革？Para.6Butwateriscomplicated.First,there’snoalternative.Therearealternativestocoalandpetroleum,butwatercannotbereplaced.Second,waterisintertwinedwitheveryothersectorofsociety.Energyproductionrequireswaterforcoolingpowerplantsandfracturingshale.Agricultureneedswaterforirrigation.Industryandcitiesusetrillionsofgallonsofwaterforallsortsofpurposes.Third,waterdemandsaregrowingatthesametimesuppliesarefluctuating.Climatechangeisexpectedtointensifydroughtsandfloodswhileshiftingwherewaterwillbeandwhen.Thatmeanshumanitywillbeconfrontedwithdecisionsaboutwhethertomovepeopletowaterorwatertopeople.Para.7complicated:a.復(fù)雜的e.g.Ourphysicsteacherisverygoodatexplainingcomplicatedconceptsinsimplelanguage.我們的物理老師善于深入淺出講解復(fù)雜的概念。alternative:n.選擇；供選擇的東西e.g.Bikingisamoreenvironment-friendlyalternativetocardriving.相對(duì)于開(kāi)車(chē)，騎自行車(chē)更為環(huán)保。intensify:v.increaseindegreeorstrength加劇，強(qiáng)化e.g.Thepoliceintensifiedtheirsearchfortheescapedprisoner.警方加強(qiáng)了對(duì)逃犯的搜捕。beconfrontedwith:meetface-to-facewith面對(duì)e.g.Whenconfrontedwiththewitnessesofthemurder,theaccusedwasspeechless.面對(duì)謀殺目擊者，被告啞口無(wú)言。Para.7DetailedReading(Para.7)Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays“waterisintertwinedwitheveryothersectorofsociety”?Hemeansthateveryothersectorofsociety_______water.Peopleneedwaterintheir________.Energyproductionrequireswaterfor_______powerplants._________needswaterforallsortsofpurposes.Agricultureneedswaterfor__________.needsdailylifecoolingIndustryirrigation

2023/5/2546添加頁(yè)腳Paras.3-7Waterisgoingtobethemost__________andmost___________resourceofthe21stcentury.472023年5月25日添加頁(yè)腳Part2importantcontentiousThankfully,therearesolutions.Somearelarge,incrediblyexpensive,andenergy-intensive,suchasbuildingcross-continentwater-transferaqueducts,newhydroelectricdams,andmassivedesalinationplants.Somearesmall,suchasusingmicrowaterharvestersthatcondensewatervaporoutoftheair.Allofthemtakeawhile.Para.8InApril1961,PresidentJohnF.Kennedysaid,“Ifwecouldevercompetitively—atacheaprate—getfreshwaterfromsaltwater,itwouldbeinthelong-rangeinterestofhumanityandwouldreallydwarfanyotherscientificaccomplishments.”Thatwasonemonthbeforehisfamousmoon-shotspeech.Beforethedecadewasover,wesentmantothemoonandback.Butwestillhaven’tfoundasolutionastohowtogetfreshwaterfromsaltwaterwithoutalotofmoneyandenergy.That’smainlybecauseourgreatinnovationapparatushasnotbeendedicatedtowater.Researchbudgetshaveprioritizedenergy,defense,andhealthwhilemostlyignoringwater,eventhoughfixingwaterwouldhelpourenergy,defense,andhealthproblems.IfwespentasmuchmoneylookingforwateronEarthaswedosearchingforitonMars,theoutcomesmightbeverydifferent.Para.9rate:n.價(jià)格，比率e.g.Thepostalratesvaryfromstatetostate.不同的國(guó)家郵資不同。intheinterestof:totheadvantageof對(duì)……有利，為了e.g.Intheinterestofthepublic,wedonotallowdumpingintotherivers.為了公眾的利益，我們不能允許將垃圾傾倒入河。dwarf:v.使（顯得）矮??；變矮小e.g.Atoversixfeetinheight,thetwelve-year-oldboydwarfshispeers.這個(gè)12歲的孩子身高超過(guò)6英尺，明顯高于同齡孩子。budget:n.預(yù)算e.g.Isthereanymoneyleftinourmonthlybudget?我們每月預(yù)算里還有錢(qián)剩下嗎？innovation:n.革新，創(chuàng)新e.g.Inaimingforinnovation,surroundyourselfwithpeoplethatthinkdifferentlyfromyou.要有所創(chuàng)新，就要和想法和你不同的人在一起。mostly:ad.主要地；通常；大部分e.g.Wehavesomecolddays.Butmostlyitiswarm.天氣有時(shí)會(huì)挺冷，但基本上挺暖和。outcome:n.結(jié)果e.g.Itwasmidnightonelectionday.Manypeoplewerestillupwaitingfortheoutcome.選舉日，午夜。許多人還沒(méi)睡，在等待選舉結(jié)果。TheKennedys

JohnF.Kennedy(1917-1963)BobbyKennedy(1925-1968)JohnF.Kennedy(1917-1963)

Youngestmanelectedpresident(1960)Equalrights—newcivilrightslegislationAssassinatedin1963OnNovember22,1963,whenhewashardlypasthisfirstthousanddaysinoffice,JohnF.Kennedywaskilledbyanassassin’sbulletsashismotorcade(汽車(chē)隊(duì))woundthroughDallas,Texas.KennedywastheyoungestmanelectedPresident;hewastheyoungesttodie.JohnF.Kennedy(1917-1963)

JohnFitzgeraldKennedywasthethirty-fifthpresidentoftheUS.InhisInauguralAddress(就職演說(shuō))hesaid:“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou—askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”AsPresident,hetookvigorousactioninthecauseofequalrights,callingfornewcivilrightslegislation.BobbyKennedy(1925-1968)AttorneyGeneralEnrollmentofaAfricanAmericanSlain(slay)in1968enforcedaFederalcourtorderadmittingthefirstAfricanAmericanstudent—JamesMeredith—totheUniversityofMississippi.Theriot(暴動(dòng))thathadfollowedMeredith’sregistration(注冊(cè))hadlefttwodeadandhundredsinjured.RobertKennedysawvotingasthekeyBobbyKennedy(1925-1968)BobbyKennedyorRobertF.Kennedy,wasthebrotherofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Hewasappointedattorneygeneral(司法部長(zhǎng))oftheUnitedStatesintheearly1960s.InSeptember1962,AttorneyGeneralKennedytoracial(種族的)justice(正義)andcollaborated(合作)withPresidentKennedywhenheproposedthemostfar-reachingcivilrightsstatutesinceReconstruction,TheCivilRightsActof1964,passedafterPresidentKenn