2022年甘肅省金昌市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

WhenathleteswonintheOlympicgames,theyenjoyedvariousprivilegesforthemto______.

2.

Thewayalotofresearchersusetostudyanxietyisby______.

3.

Becausemanyartists,writersandscientistshavesufferedfrommentalillness,somepeoplewonderiftheseillnesseslinkwith______.

4.

TheeconomicbenefitstotheNorthfromfastergrowthinthethirdworld______thecosts.

5.

Largelybecauseofverylowbirthrate,______offarmlandinItalyhasalreadybeenabandoned.

6.

Identicaltwinshavehigherchanceofbothdevelopingschizophreniabecauseofthestrongroleof______.

7.

Thereisnopublicchargingstationsbecause______.

A.Itsbuildingcostisprettyhigh.

B.Peoplewouldliketochargeathome.

C.Ittakeslongtimetofinishthecharging.

D.Chargeinpublicstationscostlongtime.

8.

ThereisaU.N.conventionthatcancover______.

A.problembetweenneighbors

B.problembetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder

C.problemsonairpollution

D.trans-boundaryairpollution

9.

Accordingtothepassage,eighthoursanight______.

A.isunlikeeightglassesofwateraday

B.isonlysoundintheory

C.isapplicabletoeveryone

D.isarulewithpublicobedience

10.

AccordingtoBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby______.

11.

Kellyhasallthelatest______aboutthejobhuntingmarket.

A.marketdataonsalariesandtrendstohand

B.dataonquestionsthattheemployeraskduringinterviews

C.dataonthesuccessfulexampleswiththehelpofKelly

D.recordsofthecompaniesnewlysetup

12.

Mr.Bailey,the"monkeyartist",preferstofinishitsdrawingwiththehelpofothers.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

HowardL.KingaskedforPaul'snameandaddressbecausehewantedtoshowhisthankstohim.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Whatisrankedbyparentsasthegreatestthreattoboys?

A.Gangcrimes.

B.Onlinegames.

C.Extremesports.

D.Dangeroustraffics.

15.

Retailersandmarketingfirmshavefoundthat______withpeopleinthevirtualworld.

16.BlowingHotandCold

Climatechangemaybeslowanduncertain,butthatisnoexcuseforinaction.Onereasonwhyuncertaintyoverclimatechangelookstobewithusforalongtimeisthattheoceans,whichabsorbcarbonfromtheatmosphere,actasatime-delaymechanism.Theirmassivethermalinertiameansthattheclimatesystemrespondsonlyveryslowly,tochangesinthecompositionoftheatmosphere.Anothercomplicationarisesfromtherelationshipbetweencarbondioxide(CO2),theprincipalgreenhousegas(GHG),andsulphurdioxide(SO2),andacommonpollutant.Effortstoreduceman-madeemissionsofGHGsbycuttingdownonfossil-fuelusewillreduceemissionsofboththegases.ThereductioninCO2willcutwarming,buttheconcurrent(同時(shí)發(fā)生的)SO2cutmaymaskthateffectbycontributingtothewarming.

Therearesomanysuchfuzzy(模糊的)factors—rangingfromaerosolparticlestocloudstocosmicradiation—thatwearelikelytoseedisruptionsoffamiliarclimatepatternsformanyyearswithoutknowingwhytheyarehappeningorwhattodoaboutthem.TomWigley,aleadingclimatescientistandmemberoftheUN'sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),goesfurther.HearguesinanexcellentbookpublishedbytheAspenInstitute,"USPoliciesonClimateChange:WhatNext?",thatwhateverpolicychangesgovernmentspursue,scientificuncertaintieswill"makeitdifficulttodetecttheeffectsofsuchchanges,probablyformanydecades."

Asevidence,hepointstothenegligibleshort-tomedium-termdifferenceintemperatureresultingfromanarrayofemission"pathways"onwhichtheworldcouldchoosetoembarkifitdecidedtotackleclimatechange.HeplotsvariousstrategiesforreducingGHGsthatwillleadinthenextcenturytothestabilizationofatmosphericconcentrationsofCO2at550partspermillion(ppm).Thatisroughlydoublethelevelwhichprevailedinpre-industrialtimes,andisoftensuggestedbyclimatescientistsasareasonabletarget.Butevenby2040,thetemperaturedifferencesbetweenthevariousoptionswillstillbetiny—andcertainlywithinthemagnitudeofnaturalclimaticvariance.Inshort,inanotherfourdecadeswewillprobablystillnotknowifwehaveover-orunder-shot.

Ignoranceisnotbliss

However,thatdoesnotmeanweknownothing.Wedoknow,forastart,thatthe"greenhouseeffect"isreal:withouttheheat-trappingeffectofwatervapor,CO2,methaneandothernaturallyoccurringGHGs,ourplanetwouldbealifeless30℃orsocolder.SomeoftheseGHGemissionsarecapturedandstoredby"sinks",suchastheoceans,forestsandagriculturalland,aspartofnature'scarboncycle.

Wealsoknowthatsincetheindustrialrevolutionbegan,mankind'sactionshavecontributedsignificantlytothatgreenhouseeffect.AtmosphericconcentrationsofGHGshaverisenfromaround280ppmtwocenturiesagotoaround370ppmtoday,thankschieflytomankind'suseoffossilfuelsand,toalesserdegree,todeforestationandotherland-usechanges.Bothsurfacetemperaturesandsealevelshavebeenrisingforsometime.

Therearegoodreasonstothinktemperatureswillcontinuerising.TheIPCChasestimatedalikelyrangeforthatincreaseof1.4℃-5.8℃overthenextcentury,althoughthelowerendofthatrangeismorelikely.Sincewhatmattersisnotjusttheabsolutetemperaturelevelbuttherateofchangeaswell,itmakessensetotrytoslowdowntheincrease.

Theworryisthatarapidriseintemperatureswouldleadtoclimatechangesthatcouldbedevastatingformany(thoughnotall)partsoftheworld.CentralAmerica,mostofAfrica,muchofsouthAsiaandnorthernChinacouldallbehitbydroughts,stormsandfloodsandotherwisemademiserable.

Thecolderpartsoftheworldmaybenefitfromwarming,buttheytoofacedanger.Oneistheconceivab

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

InherbookRachelCarsonassertsthat"controllingnature"______anddoesnotnecessarilymean_______.

18.

WhenGarrettisachemistryprofessor,Raetzjudgeshercontributionson______.

A.herlargenumberoflaboratoryhours

B.herwillingnesstocontribute

C.thequalityandproductivityofherwork

D.herregularworkschedule

19.Largelybecauseofverylowbirthrate,______offarmlandinItalyhasalreadybeenabandoned.

20.

Manypeoplehaveweightlosssurgerypossiblybecauseoverweightmaygiverisetodeath.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B10】

22.聽力原文：W：Idemandtoseethemanager．

M：Themanagerisout，Madam，butifyouhaveacomplaint，I’msureIcanassistyou．

Q：What’stheman’sattitude?

(15)

A.Heishostile.

B.Heisindifferent.

C.Heissnobbish.

D.Heishelpful.

23.

【B5】

24.(14)

A.Themanandthewomanliveindifferentbuildings.

B.Thewomanisupsetthatshewasn'tinvitedtotheparty.

C.Thewomaniscomplainingabouttheman'scarelessness.

D.Themanandhisfriendsmightbelouderthanthewomanexpectedtheywouldbe.

25.聽力原文：M:Isyourapartmentinprettygoodshapeatleast?

W:Actually,it'snotquitewhatIhadinmind.I'dratherhavesomethinglessmodem,butI'mluckytohavefoundthis.Andthelocation'sgreat.

Whatkindofbuildingisthewomanstayingin?

(16)

A.Alloldbuilding.

B.Amodembuilding.

C.Adilapidatedbuilding

D.Aprettybuilding

26.聽力原文：WilmaRudolphwascalled"theBlackPearl"and"thefastestwomanintileworld".In1960,WilmaRudolphbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowinthreegoldmedalsinoneOlympics.ShewasanextraordinaryAmericanathlete.

(29)WilmaRudolphwasbornin1940,inSaintBethlehem,Tennessee.Shewasborntooearlyandonlyweighedtwokilograms.Herleftlegwasdamagedbecauseofillnesses.Whenshewassixyearsold,shebegantowearmetallegbracesbecauseshecouldnotusethatleg.Sinceshewassickmostofthetime,herbrothersandsistersallhelpedtotakecareofher.Soon,herfamily'sattentionandcareshowedresults.Bythetimeshewasnineyearsold,shenolongerneededherlegbraces.

WilmaRudolphwenttoherfirstOlympicGameswhenshewassixteenyearsoldandstillinhighschool.Shecompetedinthenineteenfifty-sixgamesinMelbourne,Australia.ShewastheyoungestmemberoftheUnitedStatesteam.(30)Shewonabronzemedal,inthesprintrelayevent.

(31)In1960,WilmaRudolphwenttotheOlympicsagain,thistimeinRome,Italy.Shewontwogoldmedals—firstplace—intheonehundredmeterandthetwohundredmeterraces.(32)ShesetanewOlympicrecordoftwenty-threepointtwosecondsforthetwohundredmeterdash.

Herteamalsowonthegoldmedalinthefourhundredmetersprintrelayevent,settingaworldrecordofforty-fourpointfiveseconds.ThesethreegoldmedalsmadeheroneofthemostpopularathletesattheRomegames.Thesevictoriesmadepeoplecallherthe"world'sfastestwoman".

(33)

A.Shewasbornin1960.

B.Shewasbornin1940.

C.Shewasbornin1916.

D.Shewasbornin1956.

27.

【B11】

28.聽力原文：W:CanIhavebreakfastinmyroom?AndIwanttoknowsomethingaboutyourservicetime.

M:Certainly,madam.Breakfastisservedinyourroomfrom7o'clockuntil10.Hereisthemenu.

W:Ok,Thankyouverymuch.Well,I'mafraidthatI'dliketohavetheContinentalBreakfast.

M:Yes,madam.Andatwhattimewouldyoulikeit?

W:Abouthalfpasteight,Ithink.Yes,halfpasteight.

M:8:30.Ok,verygood,dearmadam.Andwhatkindoftraitjuicewouldyoulike?Wehavepineapple,orange,grapefruitaswellassomeotherfruits.

W:IthinkI'dlikethepineappleplease.

M:Pineapplejuice.Andwouldyoupreferteaorcoffee?

W:Coffeeplease.

M:Thankyouverymuch.Goodnight.(At8:30thenextmorning,thereisalighttapatthedoor.)

W:Yes.Comein.

M:I'vebroughtyouyourbreakfast,madam.

W:Ohyes.Thankyou.Couldyouputitonthedeskoverthereplease?

M:ShallIpouryouacupofcoffeestraightaway,madam?

W:No,thanks,I'llpouritmyselfinaminute.

M:Isthereanythingelse,madam?

W:No,no,Idon'tthinkso,oh,youarenottheoneImetyesterday,right?But,anyway,thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.

(20)

A.Threehourandahalf.

B.Thirtyminutes.

C.Fourhours.

D.180minutes.

29.聽力原文：CannesFilmFestival,themostprestigiousmotion-picturefestivalintheworld,isheldeachMayinthecityofCannes,insoutheastFrance.TheCannesFilmFestivalwasconceivedattheendof1938.DuetoWorldWarII,however,thefirstCannesFilmFestivalwasnothelduntil1946.Internationalismandpostwaroptimismcharacterizedthefirstfestival,asorganizersplacedlessemphasisoncompetitionthanonmutualcreativestimulationbetweennationalproductions.Inlateryearstheselectionofentriesforprizesreflectedmorecommercialinterestsandthefestivalsoonacquireditscurrentreputationasafashionableprofessionalevent,moreconcernedwithadvancingthefilmindustrythantheartoffilm.FrenchdirectorFrancoisTruffautaddressedthisissuein1956andpredicteditscommercialdeath.Thefestivalsurvived,however,andin1959,Tmffauthimselfwasawardedtheprizeforbestscreenplayforoneofhisfilms.

Despiteitsever-presentfinancialinterests,theCannesFilmFestivalremainsanessentialaffairforinternationalcinema.In1955theorganizingcommitteeatCannesintroducedtheGoldenPalmAward(inEnglish)forbestfilmofthefestival,nowregardedasoneofthefilmindustry'smostdistinguishedprizes.PastrecipientsoftheawardincludeTaxiDriver(1976),byAmericandirectorMartinScorsese;andThePiano(1993),byNewZealanddirectorJaneCampion.

(30)

A.In1938.B.In1946.C.In1955.D.DuringWorldWarII.

30.聽力原文：Areyouafraidtoraiseyourhandinclass,evenwhenyouknowtheanswer?Ifyouare,mostpeoplewouldsaythatyou'reshy.

Ifyoufeelshy,you'renotalone.Nineoutoftenpeopleareatleastalittleshy.Buthowevershyyouare,evidenceseemstoshowthatitisn'tyourfault.Youmayhavebeenbornthatway.

Howdopsychologistsmeasureshyness?Onewayisbyobservation.Theykeepdetailedrecordsofpeople'sactions—likehowoftenthesepeoplespeaktoothers,orhowlongittakessomeonetosayhellotoastranger.

Anotherwaytomeasureshynessistoaskpeoplequestions.Thetestonlytakesabout10minutes.Itasksquestionslike"Doyoulikegoingoutalot?"and"Doyouhavemanyfriends?"peoplemustanswereitheryesorno.Thesequestionscanpredicthowpeopleactuallybehaveinsocialsituations.

Supposethetesttellsyouthatsomeoneissky.Chancesaregoodthatthatpersonwillactshy.

WhenScientistsmeasureshyness,they'reallycomparingdegreesofshyness.Inotherwords,whenresearcherssaypeopleareshy,theyreallymeantheyaremoreshythanothers.

(29)

A.Becausemanypeopledon'tknowhowtobehaveinsocialsituations.

B.Becausemostpeopleareshybynature.

C.Nobodywilllaughatyouforbeingshy.

D.Shynessisdifficulttoovercome.

31.【B5】

32.(25)

A.Thedinosaurswentextinct.

B.AnumberofmeteoritescrashedintoEarth.

C.Someanimalspeciesevolved.

D.Someplantswentextinct.

33.

【B6】

34.(40)

35.(24)

A.Somethingyoudon'tunderstand.

B.Somethingold.

C.Somethingmysterious.

D.TheEgyptianlanguage.

36.(35)

A.PeopleknowalmostnothingaboutShakespeare'searlylife.

B.ShakespearewasalreadywellknownbeforehewenttoLondon.

C.PeopleknowalotaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

D.PeopleknowonlyalittleaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

37.(32)

A.Itisawardedtothebestfilmofthefestival.

B.Itwasintroducedin1959.

C.Itwasintroducedbyacommercialorganization.

D.OnlyAmericandirectorshavereceivedthisaward.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivateenterprise.It's【B1】______economyinwhichconsumersdeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyforthosegoodsandservices.Privatebusinessmen,【B2】______tomaketheirprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesin【B3】______withotherbusinessmen,andtheprofit【B4】______,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largely【B5】______howthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,【B6】______withthedesireofbusinessmentogainmoreprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto【B7】______theirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhow【B8】______areusedtoproduceit.

If,ontheotherhand,【B9】______,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumers.Iftheproductisinshortreplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbeabitupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.【B10】______.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismin'theAmericaneconomicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-orientedeconomyisthatindividualsarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,【B11】______.includingdeterminingthepriceormakingafreecontract.

【B1】

39.(28)

A.Hesmashesitwithitslongpowerfultail.

B.Hebitesitwithitsterriblepointedteeth.

C.Heholdsitbelowthewateruntilitdrowns.

D.Heswallowsitbecausehehasahugemouth.

40.聽力原文：W:David!CanIgiveyouahandwithoneofthosegrocerybags?

M:Sure,Nancy!Couldyoutakethisone,please?Ididn'trealizehowheavythesebagswouldbe.

W:Whydidyoubuysomuchstuffwhenyouhavetowalkhomefromthestore?

M:Well,Ididn'tintendtobuyalot—butI'mhavingsomepeopleoverandIguessIneededmorethanIexpected.

W:What'stheoccasion?

M:ThepeopleIlivewith,theKramers,havebeenonvacationforamonth,andIthoughtI'dsurprisethem.I'minvitingsomeoftheirfriendsandfamilyforawelcome-homedinner.

W:That'sreallythoughtfulofyou.

M:Ifigureit'stheleastIcandoforthem.They'vebeenlettingmestaywiththemrent-freewhileI'minschool.

W:Really?That'sprettygenerousofthem.

M:Well,theyunderstandhowdifficultitistomakeendsmeetwhenyou'reastudent.They'vebeensuchabighelptome.Ithoughtthatthismightbeasmallwaytothankthemfortheirgenerosity.

(20)

A.GetaridehomewithNancy.

B.Findaplacetolive.

C.Gotothestorebeforeitcloses.

D.Carryhisgrocerieshome.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Themainconcernofthepassageiswith______.

A.citycongestion

B.cityplanning

C.decentralization

D.landvaluesincities

42.

Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

A.preventthesun'sraysfromreachingtheearth'ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth'ssurface

43.

ThesituationofBRICsisthat______.

A.theircarmarketsstillhavehugedemand

B.peopleowelowerdebtandnoonebuycarsoncredit

C.theircarmarketssufferlittlefortheimmunityfromfinancialcrisis

D.noslowdownshouldeveroccurtotheireconomy

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Talktoanyparentofastudentwhotookanadventurousgapyear(ayearbetweenschoolanduniversitywhensomestudentsearnmoney,travel,etc.)andamistylookwillcomeintotheireyes.Therearesomedisastersandeventhemostmotivated,organisedgapstudentdocsrequirefamilyback-up,financial,cmotionalandphysical.Theparentalmistinessisnotjustaboutthebrilliantexperiencethathasmaturedtheiroffspring;itisvicariousliving.Weallwishpre-universitygapyearshadbeenthefashioninourday.Wecanseehowmuchtougherourkidsbecome,howmuchmorepreparedtobenefitfromuniversityortodecidepositivelythattheyaregoingtodosomethingotherthanadegree.

Gapyearsarcfashionable,asisreflectedinthehugegrowthinthenumberofcharitiesandprivatecompaniesofferingthem.PicturesofPrinceWilliamtoilinginChilehavehelped,butthetrendhasbeengatheringsteamforadecade.Therangeofgappackagesstartswithbackpacking,andincludesworkingwithcharities,buildinghospitalsandschoolsand,verycommonly,workingasalanguageassistant,teachingEnglish.Withthistrend,however,comesadanger.Onceparentsfeelthatawell-structuredyearisessentialtotheirwould-beundergraduate'sprogresstoabetteruniversity,agooddegree,animpressiveCVandwellpaidemployment,asthegapcompanies'blurbs(產(chǎn)品推介)suggestitmightbe,thenparentswillstartorganizing--andpayingfor--thegaps.

Wheretherearedisasters,accordingtoRichardOliver,directorofthegapcompanies'umbrellaorganization,theYearOutGroup,itisusuallybecauseofpoorplanning.Thatcanbethefaultofthecompanyorofthestudent,hesays,butthebestinsuranceisthoughtfulpreparation."Whenpeoplegetitwrong,itisusuallymedicalor,especiallyamonggirls,itisthattheyhavenotbeenawayfromhomebeforeorbecauseexpectationdoesnotmatchreality."

Thepointofagapyearisthatitshouldbethetimewhentheschoolleavergetstodothethingthatheorshefancies.The18-year-old,whowasdispatchedbyhisparentsattwoweeks'noticetoCanadatolearntobeasnowboardinginstructoratacostof5800,probablycamebackwithlittlemorethanahangover.The18-year-oldonthesamepackagewhoworkedforhisfareandspenttherestofhisyearinstructinginresortsfromNewZealandtoSwitzerland.andcamebacktoapplyforuniversity,isthepositivecounterbalance.

Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatparentsofgapstudentsmay______.

A.helpchildrentobepreparedfordisasters

B.receiveallkindsofsupportfromtheirchildren

C.haverichexperienceinbringingtiptheiroffspring

D.experiencewatchingchildrengrowup

45.

WhydomanycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebtoexpanditsmarketthoughtheWebhasprovedtobemorethanafashiontoday?

46.

【C9】

47.

Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Scientistsdiscoveredwhyanimalinfantscry.

B.Thedifferenceintheamountofchildren'scryissomewhatduetogenes.

C.Babieshaveaviolentreactiontothemother'signorance.

D.Chimpanzees'annoyancecanhardlybealleviated.

48.

Intheproposal,theInteriorDepartment______.

A.assessedthecauseofthepolarbears'declineinthecomingdecades

B.believedthatthelossoficeisattributedtotheheat-trappinggases

C.consultedthestudyonArcticclimateandicetrends

D.predictedmanmadeheat-trappinggaseswouldcausetemperatureincrease

49.

Thestudyconcludedthat______.

A.theconclusionhadbeenproved

B.familysizeaffectsthedevelopmentofstomachcancerstrongly

C.familysizeisofnoimportancetostomachcancer

D.stomachcancercanbetransmittedtoothers

50.

【C10】

51.

Asportsviolence"apologist"probablythinksthat______.

A.violenceinsportsisarareoccurrence

B.violenceinsportsisnotnecessary

C.athletesarepaidenoughfortheirinjuries

D.professionalathletesenjoyviolence

52.

Themainpurposeofthepassageistotellus______.

A.Culturesarenothierarchical

B.Languagesarenothierarchical

C.Therelationbetweenlanguageandculture

D.Thestudyoflanguage

53.

【C8】

54.

WhataretheimportitemsofBritainmentionedinthepassage?

55.Theratiobetweenpaymentsintoandoutofacountryisknownasthecountry'sbalanceofpayments.Besidesthevalueofimports,andexports(thebalanceoftrade),thebalanceofpaymentsincludesprivateforeignloans(andinterest);loansbygovernments,centralbanks,andinternationalorganizations;andmovementsofgoldorreservecurrencies.

Aninternationalmediumofexchangeisrequiredforinternationaltrade.Fromthelate1800suntilWorldWarⅠ,mostcountriesoperatedonthegoldstandard.Goldcoinsofstandardspecificationscirculatedfreelybetweencountries,makinggoldineffectaninternationalcurrency.Thissystemprovidedanautomaticcorrectionforsometradeimbalances,butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade),anditwasvulnerabletoshort-termchangesinthegoldsupply.

Afterthefinancialinstabilityofthe1930s,theinternationalmonetary(貨幣的)systemwasrebuiltfollowingWorldWarⅡonthegold-exchangestandard.ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheU.S.dollar;reserveswerekeptindollars,whichcouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice(＄35anounceuntil1968).TheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),akeyinstitutionsetupunderthissystem,makesinternationalloanswithcapitalsubscribedbyitsmemberswhichincludemostnoncommuniststates.Votingrightsareproportionaltotheamountssubscribed.TheIMFhasbeenable,throughitsloans,tostabilizefluctuatingcurrenciesandtoinfluencetheinternalfinancialpoliciesofrecipient(接受的)countries,afrequentlycriticizedpractice.

Thesuccessofthegold-exchangestandard,however,dependedonthesuperiorpositionoftheUnitedStatesinworldtrade.Inthe1960s,continualbalanceofpaymentsdeficits(赤字)loweredU.S.goldreservesandfatallyunderminedthesystem.In1968atwo-tiered(兩極的)systemwasadopted.Governmentbanksmaintainedfixedgoldprices,whilenongovernmentalbuyerstradedfreely.Simultaneously,non-dollarspecialdrawingrights(SDRs)wereassignedtoIMFmembersinproportiontotheircontributions.ButthesechangesdidnotrelievestrainontheU.S.dollar.In1971PresidentRichardNixonannouncedthatdollarswouldnolongerautomaticallybeexchangedforgold,andsincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.

Asameasureofmoneyflow,thebalanceofpaymentsdiffersfromthebalanceoftradeprimarilybecauseofitsgreater______.

A.specificity

B.accuracy

C.abilitytopredictfuturetrends

D.comprehensiveness

56.

Takingnowadayssupplychainintoaccount,theanimalfeedindustrythinksthat______.

A.GMmaterialisuniversal

B.Europeanlawsareimpractical

C.onlytheinternationalsupplychaincanworkout

D.goodsshouldbeprohibitedonceanyGMstuffisfound

57.CEOAkioToyodaseemedtoadmitthatToyotabetrayeditstraditionofputting______attoppriority.

58.

WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby"doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment"inParagraph5?

A.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment'sregulations.

B.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.

C.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.

D.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.

59.【S4】

60.Astudybytracingthehistoryoftheemergenceandspreadof335infectiousdiseasesfrom1940to2004providesanewpointofviewon________.

四、5.ErrorCorrection(5題)61.Themoststrikingsinglefactaboutchimpanzeesisflexibilityof【S1】______

theirsociallife,thelackofanyrigidform.oforganization.Itrepresents

aboutsofaradeparturefromthebaboontypeoforganizationasone【S2】______

canfindamongthehigherprimates(靈長目),andservesemphasizing【S3】______

thegreatvarietyofprimateadaptations.Chimpanzeesaremorehuma

thanbaboons(狒狒),orrathertheyaccordbetterbythewayweliketo【S4】______

pictureourselves,asfree—wheelingindividualswhoaretendtobe【S5】______

unpredictable,donottakereadilytoanyform.ofregimentation,andare

frequentlycharming.Tworesearcheshavedescribedwhattheyfound

duringmorethaneightmonthsspendingamongchimpanzeesin