一、概念:語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語間的關系。

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)（activevoice）；被動語態(tài)(passivevoice)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者二、構成:be+動詞的過去分詞（pp）(PP是pastparticiple的縮寫）三、句型：（一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)）肯定句：主+am/is/are+done+其他否定句：主+am/is/are+not+done+其他一般疑問句：Is/Are+主+done+其他？答語：Yes,主+is/are+done

No,主+is/are+not+done特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)：①不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。Hisbikewasstolenlastweek.②沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.③需要強調動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài).ThebookwaswrittenbyMoYan.主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結構的轉換：Ourclassroomiscleaned主語謂語賓語byuseveryday.結構：主動語態(tài)：主語＋謂語＋賓語

被動語態(tài)：主語be+過去分詞by+賓語即:“主變賓，賓變主，謂語動詞變被動。”(注:主變賓即主語變?yōu)榻樵~by賓語)被動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.主動語態(tài)eg：英語的謂語動詞的兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語(s)謂語(V)賓語(O)Englishisspoken

byus.主語(S)謂語(V)賓語(O)賓變主,主變賓,前加by動變被,看清be,結構分別be+pp主動語態(tài)theActiveVoice被動語態(tài)thePassiveVoice*They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動句：S+am/is/are+PP+其它三、各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結構對照表時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時will/begoingto+動原will/begoingto+be+過去分詞4過去將來時would+動詞原形Would+be+過去分詞5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞6過去進行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時

have/has+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞8過去完成時had+過去分詞Had+been+過去分詞9含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞重點考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時及含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。am/is/are+P.P.was/were+P.P.willbe+P.P.can/may/must/shouldbe+P.P.中考常考的被動語態(tài)

be+P.P.1.HeoftenhelpsmeinEnglish.2.Lucydoesherhomeworkintheevening.IamoftenhelpedbyhiminEnglish.HerhomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.3.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.4.Doyouwater

theflowerseveryday?Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.Aretheflowerswateredbyyoueveryday?一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are+P.P.1.Webuiltourschool95yearsago.2.Theyplantedmanytreeslastyear.3.Hedidn’ttakethephotoin2003.Ourschoolwasbuilt95yearsago.Manytreeswereplantedlastyear.Thephotowasn’ttakenin2003.4.Didyoufinishyourhomework?一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were+P.P.Wasyourhomeworkfinished?1.WewillholdourNationalGamesinJinan.2.Iwillinvitemyteachertotheparty.3.Hewon’tfinishhishomeworkinanhour.OurNationalGameswillbeheldinJinan.Myteacherwillbeinvitedtotheparty.Hishomeworkwon’tbefinishedinanhour.一般將來時被動語態(tài)：willbe+P.P.1.Wemustcleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Parentsshouldallowtheteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.3.

UncleWangcan’tmendhisbike.

Theclassroommustbecleanedeveryday.Theteenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.Hisbikecan’t

bemendedbyunclewang.

情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：can/may/must/shouldbe+P.P.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“一變、二套、三注意”進行即：①變-----把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，把主動語態(tài)的主語改為被動語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。②套-----根據原句的時態(tài)套用相應時態(tài)。③注意-----注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.English__________bymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoes_________________byhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed、四、各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結構對照表時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時will/begoingto+動原will/begoingto+be+過去分詞4過去將來時would+動詞原形would+be+過去分詞5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞6過去進行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時

have/has+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞8過去完成時had+過去分詞had+been+過去分詞9含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞重點考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時及含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。五、被動語態(tài)的高頻考點和易錯點1.let/have/make/see/hear/watch/noticesb.dosth.被動：sb.bemade/seen/heard/watched/noticedtodosth.eg:Ioftenseehimrunontheplayground.Sheoftenhearssomeonesingthere.Heisoftenseentorunontheplaygroundbyme.Someoneisoftenheardtosingtherebyher.

2.takeplace/happen（發(fā)生，無被動語態(tài)）Eg:Greatchanges____________(takeplace)inmyhometowninthepastfewyears.3.belongto無被動語態(tài)Eg:Thisbook_____________(belong)tome4.感官動詞無被動語態(tài)Eg:Thisdesk________(feel)hard.havetakenplacebelongsfeels5.sell/cut/read/wear/write等詞帶狀語修飾語的主動表被動Eg:Thiskindofclothes_______(wash)easily.Thisnovels___________(sell)well.Thiskindofshoes___________(sell)outalready.6.getsth.done表被動

使某事完成getone’searspierced扎/打耳洞7.havesth.done表被動使某事完成haveone’shaircut理發(fā).washessellshasbeensold8.makeoneselfunderstood使自己被別人理解Eg:Ihaveexplaineditseveraltimes______(make)myself___________(understand).9.tobedone帶有動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)

needtobedone需要被完成Eg:MyTVneeds____________________(repair).Anewhotelisgoingto_________(build)here.Hedidn'twant____________(examine).toberepaired/repairingbebuilttobeexaminedtomakeunderstood10.帶雙賓語的動詞可有兩種被動語態(tài)ask/tell/pay/send/give/buy/show/offer/lend/make/teach/serve...Eg:Sheaskedhimsomequestions.Hewasaskedsomequestionsbyher.Somequestionswereaskedhimbyher.Eg:Motherboughtmeanewcoat.Iwasboughtanewcoatbymother.Anewcoatwasboughtformebymother.11.固定動詞短語要將短語動詞視為一個整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不能丟掉其后的介詞或副詞。Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.Theold_____________________________byus.12.表示據說/相信的句型Itissaidthat...據說Itisreportedthat...據報道Itisbelievedthat...大家相信Itisunbelievedthat....令人難以置信的是...Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Itissuggestedthat...據建議Itisthoughtthat...大家認為

shouldbetakengoodcareof13.易錯題Eg.Whydidn'tyougotoTom'sbirthdaypartyyesterdaybecauseI______________(notinvite)14.過去分詞作定語，表被動Eg.Ilikereadingthenovel___________(write)byLuxun.15.其他無被動語態(tài)的詞，詞組become/rise/appear/arrive/die/cost/enter/fall/last/exist/fail/succeed/hold/cometrue/breakout/runout/giveoutwasn’tbeinvitedwritten1).beusedtodosth.被用來做某事（被動語態(tài)）(=beusedfordoingsth.)usesth.todosth.用某物做某事（主動語態(tài)）2).usedtodosth.過去常常做某事3).be/getusedtodoingsth.習慣做某事4).bemadeof由...制成（可看出原材料）bemadefrom由...制成（可看出原材料）

bemadeby/in/into

16.注意辨析:小結：主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語----即動作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語的單復數(shù)----即be動詞的單復數(shù).are3.判斷動詞的時態(tài)----即be動詞的時態(tài).4.修改謂語的時態(tài)----即原句動詞改為過去分詞made5.修改原句的主語----即by+主語/賓語.

bytheminthefactory.三、各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結構對照表時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時will/begoingto+動原will/begoingto+be+過去分詞4過去將來時would+動詞原形would+be+過去分詞5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞6過去進行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時

have/has+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞8過去完成時had+過去分詞had+been+過去分詞9含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞重點考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時及含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。Practice:1.lwatertheflowerseveryday.2.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.3.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.Shewastoldtoreturnthebookintimebyme.K