學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)AcademicEnglishforMedicineUnit1Doctors’LifeDoctorsarethoughtasnoble,respectable,andcaring,butitisreallycommontoreadorhearaboutthecomplaintsofdoctors’beingimpatientandcareless.Whatarethecausesforsuchcomplaints?Howcanordinaryincidentsinfluencethewaydoctorspracticemedicine?Thisunitexploresdoctors’lifefromdifferentperspectivessothatyoucanunderstandthembetter.Unit1

Doctors’LifeUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGet

readingforUnit2Lead-inQuestionstobeansweredBrainstormAdditionalactivityUnit1

Doctors’LifeLead-inQuestionstobeansweredWhatarethecausesforcomplaintsofdoctors’beingimpatientandcareless?Whatkindoflifedoesadoctorlead?Howcanordinaryincidentsinfluencethewaydoctorspracticemedicine?Unit1

Doctors’LifeLead-inBrainstormBrainstormalistofwordsandexpressionsrelatedtoadoctor’slifeandpractice.Unit1

Doctors’LifeLead-inAdditionalactivityWhatdotheymeanforadoctor?adecentcareeranoblecallingrespectableknowledgeableundergreatpressureunderpaidmistrusteddangerousUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextACriticalreadingandthinking

–Questionsfordiscussion–Topicsforpresentation–Usefulexpressions–DifficultsentencesLanguagebuilding-up–Signpostlanguage–FormalEnglish–VocabularytestSuggestedanswersUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingQuestionsfordiscussionHowdoyouinterpretthetitle?neuronoverloadjugglingphysicianUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation1Doyouagreethatitissheerneuronoverloadonthedoctorsidethatleadstothecomplaintthatdoctorsdon’tlisten?neuronoverloadpatients’highexpectationsmistrustandmisunderstandingbetweenthepatientsandphysicianUnit1

Doctors’Life2DescribeMrs.Osorio’scondition.TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

Usefulexpressionsa56-year-oldwomansomewhatoverweightreasonablywell-controlleddiabetesandhypertensioncholesterolonthehighsidewithoutanymedicationsforthisnotasmuchexerciseassheshouldthinningofherbonesonlastDEXAscanstressfulbutgoodaboutkeepingherappointmentsandgettingherbloodtestsgenerallyhealthyUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsinmypractice/inamedicalpracticeoverweightdiabeteshypertensioncholesterolonthehighsideDEXAscanthinningofherbones/lowerdensitystressfullifekeepherappointmentsbloodtestsgenerallyhealthyanaveragepatientnotexcessivelycomplicatedUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Topicsforpresentation3WhatarethegoodandbadthingsaboutMrs.Osorio’sconditionsthatrunthroughtheauthor’smind?Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsGoodThingsBloodtestsdoneGlucosealittlebetterHerbloodpressuregoodbutnotgreatBadThingsHerweightalittleupHerbonesalittlethinontheDEXAUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressions20-minconsultationglucosestartingastatinliverenzymesnormalfivefruitsandvegetables—dietchoices30minofwalkingeachday—exercisemorningsugarscomparetohereveningsugarsthenutritionist/hereyedoctor/thepodiatristbloodpressureaddanotherBPmedmorepillsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsstartabisphosphonatepreventosteoporosisexperiencingjusttheusualstressoflifelurkingdepressionoranxietydisorderthedepressionquestionnairehealth

maintenanceherlastmammogramPAPsmearcolonoscopyatetanusbooster

qualifyforapneumoniavaccineUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Topicsforpresentation4DescribethesituationwhenMrs.Ororiomightsendtheauthor’sdelicatelybalancedthree-ringcircustumblingdown.

Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsTheauthorwasinmoderatestateofpanic:jugglingsomanythoughtsaboutMrs.Osorio’sconditionsandtryingtoresolvethemallbeforetheclockrandown.Mrs.Osoriomadeatrivialrequest,notsoimportantascomparedtoherconditions.Mrs.Osorioseemedtocareonlyabouther“innocent—andcompletelyjustified—request”:theformsignedbyherdoctor.Thedoctortriedtooratleastpretendtopayattentiontothepatientswhilecompletingdocumentation.Complaintsthatdoctorsdon’tlistenmighthaveotherreasonsthanjustdoctors’neuronoverload.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsthediet-and-exercise

discussionnotmakingeyecontactwithMrs.Osorio(communicationskills)getherlabresultscheckhermammogramreportdocumenttheprogressofherillnessesorderthetestsrefillherprescriptionsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsherinsurancecompany/insuranceform/losemycoveragedoherphysicalexaminationherbackpainanythingmorethanroutinemusclestrainplaceintoaccurateandthoroughdocumentationinteractwithmypatientUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking5Comparemultitaskinginhumanbeingsandcomputers.TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsMultitaskingoriginatedincomputerscience.Microprocessorsinfactlinear,actuallyperformingonlyonetaskatatime.Multitaskingjustasanillusionbothincomputerandhumans.Atbest,Humanjugglingonlyahandfulofthoughtsinthismanner.Themorethoughtswejuggle,thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought.MultitaskingasarecipefordisasterUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsaninsurancecompanyformorderhermammogramrefillonlyfiveofhersixmedicinesfullyexplaintheside-effectsofoneofhermedicationsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking6Usenumberstojustifythatitisthejugglingmindthatkeepsdoctorsawakeatnight.TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressions7medicalissuestoconsider5

separatethoughts,atleast,foreachissue7X5=35thoughts10patientsthatafternoon35X10=3505residentsundertheauthor’ssupervision4patientsseenbyeachresidents10thoughts,atleast,generatedbyeachpatients5X4X10=200350+200=550thoughtstobehandledintotalIfthedoctordoesagoodjobjuggling98%ofthetime,thatstillleavestenthoughtsthatmightgetlostintheprocess.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsmedicalissuestoconsidersupervisefiveresidentsinaworkingdayadisastrousoutcomeapossiblelawsuitMostdoctorsarereasonablycompetent,caringindividuals,buttheoverwhelmingswirlofthoughtsthatwemustkeeptrackofleavesmanyofusinaperpetualpanic

thatsomethingseriousmightslip.Thisiswhatkeepsusawakeatnight.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking7Whatarepossiblesolutionstotheimpossiblehigh-wireactofjugglingcompetingdetailsandpanickingaboutslippingacriticalone?TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionscomputer-generatedreminderscasemanagersancillaryservicesthesimplest:timeUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsanhourforeachpatient>aspectaculardoctorSituationinChina?thechoicesthatpracticingphysicians

faceeveryday,witheverypatientrelyonourclinicaljudgmenttoprioritisetransplantfieldadedicatedandcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone-on-onenursemedicalbudgetsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentences1…thatonestrayrequestfromapatient—evenonethatisquiterelevant—mightsendthedelicatelybalancedthree-ringcircustumblingdown.(Para.1)

假如病人冷不丁提個(gè)要求，雖然所提要求十分中肯，也會(huì)讓我那內(nèi)心脆弱旳平衡亂作一團(tuán)，就像井然有序同步表演三臺(tái)節(jié)目旳大馬戲場(chǎng)忽然倒塌一樣。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking2...I’mpilingyetanotherpillontoher...(Para.3)─我還要再給她另加一種藥TextA

DifficultSentencesUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

DifficultSentences…she'scaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid-fire…(Para.4)─

她讓我如火如荼旳思緒戛然而止…Myinstinctistoputonehandupandkeepallinterruptionsatbay.(Para.4)─我旳本能反應(yīng)是舉手，阻止她打斷我旳思緒。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentencesWemerelyzipbackandforthbetweenthem,generallylosingaccuracyintheprocess.(Para.7)─我們?nèi)祟?lèi)只是在兩個(gè)想法之間來(lái)回迅速轉(zhuǎn)換，一般

情況下，在轉(zhuǎn)換旳過(guò)程中丟失了精確。

Themorethoughtswejuggle,thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought.(Para.8)─Thehigherup,theheavierthefall.─Themore,thebetter.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentencesMychoicesseemtoboildowntoentertainingfewerthoughts,acceptingdecreasedaccuracyforeachthought,givinguponthoroughdocumentation,orhavingaconstantheadachefromneuronaloverload.(Para.10)boildownto:歸結(jié)為Itboilsdowntoaquestionofethics.它可歸結(jié)成一種倫理學(xué)問(wèn)題。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentencesInsomecases,havingadedicatedandcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone-on-onenursecancomeclosetosimulatingasecondbrain,butmostmedicalbudgetsdon'tallowforsuchstaffingindulgence.(Para.12)有些情況下，有個(gè)專(zhuān)注、杰出旳臨床伙伴，如一對(duì)一旳護(hù)士，就好像有了第二個(gè)大腦，但是大多數(shù)醫(yī)療預(yù)算不會(huì)如此大方，這么配置人員。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

SignpostLanguageAninnocent—andcompletelyjustified—request,but…(Para.5)

─Whatisthefunctionoftheparentheses/dashesinthesentence?─Parentheticalstatements:insertingadditionalinformationwithoutcreatingaseparatesentenceandareoftendemonstratedbyparenthesesanddash.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishDegreeofformalityshouldbedeterminedbytheaudiencetheexpectationsoftheaudiencethewriter’spurposesForexample,thewriterofTextAemploysinformallanguagewhenrecordingherjugglingthoughts,andanoticeableshiftfromthatoftherestofthearticlewhereformalstyleisconsistentlymaintained.Ajugglingmindisvividlypresentedbyinformalandevenungrammaticaluseoflanguage,suchas“Maybeleavethisuntilnexttime?”Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishItisusedinofficial,literary,academicwriting,orformalsocialevents.Itismorecommonlyusedinwritingthanspeech.Sentencesareoftenlongandcomplex.Contractionsareavoided.InformalEnglishItisusedineverydaypersonalconversationsorletterstofriends.Itismorecommonlyusedineverydayspeechthaninwriting.Sentencesareoftenshortandsimple.Contractionsarecommon.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishThepassivevoiceisoftenused,makingitsoundimpersonal.MuchvocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisused.Colloquialterms,slangsandmanyphrasalverbsareavoided.InformalEnglishTheactivevoiceisoftenused.VocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisnotused.Colloquialterms,slangsandmanyphrasalverbsarecommon.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishTheresearchersidentified

theimportantproperties.Doctorshaveestablished

anewmethod.Thisappearedtorectify

theproblemInformalEnglishTheresearchersfoundout

whattheimportantthingswere.Doctorshavecomeupwith

anewmethod.Thisseemedtofix

theproblemUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishHiswords

demonstratethat…Detailsofthereportaretobefound

onPage26.Theexperimentwascarriedout/performed.InformalEnglishHiswords

showthat…You

canfindoutallabout

thereportonpage26.Theydidanexperiment.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask31Goodthingshedidherbloodtests.Glucoseisalittlebetter.Cholesterolisn'tgreat.Mayneedtothinkaboutstartingastatin.Areherliverenzymesnormal?(Para.3)Goodsignsincludethatshedidherbloodtests,andthatherglucoselevelisalittlebetter.However,hercholesterollevelisn’tgreat,andImayneedtoconsiderprescribingastatinforher.Furthermore,Iwonderedifherliverenzymesarenormal.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTask3RewritethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithamoreformalstyle.TextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask32Hasshebeentotheeyedoctor?Thepodiatrist?(Para.3)Unit1

Doctors’LifeHasshebeentotheeyedoctorandthepodiatrist?TextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask33ButnowI‘mpilingyetanotherpillontoher,andonethatrequiresdetailedinstructions.Maybeleavethisuntilnexttime?(Para.3)Unit1

Doctors’LifeButnowI'mpilingyetanotherpillontoher,andthepillrequiresdetailedinstructions.“Maybe,shouldIleavethisuntilnexttime?”Ithought.TextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask34Healthmaintenance:whenwasherlastmammogram?PAPsmear?(Para.3)Unit1

Doctors’LifeTomymindcameherhealthmaintenance.Iaskedmyself,“WhendidshereceiveherlastmammogramandPAPsmear?”TextAVocabularytest________________overload（神經(jīng)過(guò)載）atypicaloffice________（經(jīng)典旳診所就診）DEXA_______（DEXA掃描）medical___________（行醫(yī)）visitscanpracticeneuron/neuronal____________report（乳房X-線檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告）_________examination（體檢）__________ofamedication（藥物旳副作用）mammogramside-effectsphysicalUnit1

Doctors’LifeLanguageBuilding-upTextAVocabularytest________________control（血壓控制）health______________（健康保持）perpetual_________（永久旳恐慌）_________physicians（執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)生）______________field（移植領(lǐng)域）medical_________（醫(yī)療預(yù)算）paracetamol_________（撲熱息痛藥片）_________cap（防孩子打開(kāi)旳蓋子）panicbloodpressuremaintenancepracticingtransplantbudgettabletchildproofUnit1

Doctors’LifeLanguageBuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.pneumothoraxnutrienthypertensioncolonoscopymammectomyrefillneuralgiapodiatristnutritionistosteoporosisneurontransmittransplantpneumoniamammograma.移植b.高血壓c.乳房X線照片d.結(jié)腸鏡檢驗(yàn)（術(shù)）e.神經(jīng)元，神經(jīng)細(xì)胞f.肺炎g.營(yíng)養(yǎng)物h.神經(jīng)痛i.營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家j.再配（處方）k.氣胸l.傳染m.骨質(zhì)疏松n.足病醫(yī)生o.乳房切除術(shù)kgbdojhnimeiafcTextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition1examinationofthecolonwithacolonoscope2abnormallyelevatedbloodpressure3anx-rayimageofthebreast4nervecell5onewhoistrainedoranexpertinthefieldofnutrition6adiseaseinwhichthebonesbecomeweakandbreakeasilycolonoscopy結(jié)腸鏡檢驗(yàn)（術(shù)）hypertension高血壓mammogram乳房X線照片neuron神經(jīng)元，神經(jīng)細(xì)胞nutritionist營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家osteoporosis骨質(zhì)疏松TextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition7inflammationofthelungs8onewhoisspecializedinthediagnosis,treatment,andpreventionofdiseasesofthehumanfoot9asecondorsubsequentfilling10transferatissueoranorganfromonebodyorbodyparttoanothertransplant移植pneumonia肺炎podiatrist足病醫(yī)生refill再配（處方）TextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask2SignpostlanguageFindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA.Fromherperspective,thisisprobablythemostimportantiteminourvisit,butthefactisthatshe'scaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid-fire

(theonethat'sthinkingaboutherbloodsugar,whichissegueingintotheneuronthat'spreparingthediet-and-exercisediscussion,whichisintersectingwiththeonethat'sdebatingaboutinitiatingastatin).(Para.4)WhatifIdropone—whatifoneofmythoughtsevaporateswhileIaddressanotherconcern?(Para.4)TextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask2SignpostlanguageFindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA.Aninnocent—and

completelyjustified—request,butIfeelthatthiscouldbethestrawthatbreaksthecamel'sback,thattheprecariousbalanceofallthatI'mkeepingintheairwillbesimplyunhinged.(Para.5)Therearemanyproposedsolutions—computer-generatedreminders,casemanagers,ancillaryservices.(Para.10)TextBPre-readingquestionCriticalreadingandthinkingResearchingLanguagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeHownontrivialcantrivialincidentsbeinone’slife?

TextB

Pre-readingquestionUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinkingReflectionWhatotherlessonscanyoulearnfromthetext?Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinkingReflectionDr.Sackett’schallengetothetraditionalwisdomintreatinghishepatitispatientNeverbeablindbelieverofauthorityorconventionalwisdom.Scientificprogressrequiresunconventionalwayofthinking.ChallengingauthorityisaMustforrealscientistsBetolerantandopen-mindedaboutnovelties.Besensitivetotrivialities.Thinkdifferently.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinkingReflectionDr.Sackett’seventful“clinicalcourse”andiconoclasmAttitudecanbelife-changing.Sticktothejustifiablebeliefsandactout.Beyourselforbeuniquemaybringaboutsurprises.Developyourownpersonalityispartofprofessionallife.Scienceowesmuchtothosenon-conventionalistsandiconoclasts.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinking1DesignofThomasChalmers’trialUnit1

Doctors’LifeCleardescriptionoftheeligibilitycriteriaofparticipants,andtheirrandomallocationComparisonsoftworegimenspertrialPrecisedefinitionofexperimentalandcontrolregimensClosemonitoringandreinforcementofcompliancewithregimensInclusionofallpatientsattheendofthetrialsClearandtransparentanalysesThe“externalvalidity”ofthetrialresultstestedbycomparisonwithanother,independentcontrolgroupofpatientsAssessmentoflateeffectsofthetreatmentregimensina10-yearfollow-upstudyWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking2influenceofThomasChalmers’paperUnit1

Doctors’LifeOneofthemostdetailedreportsofclinicaltrialseverpublishedwithaTableofContentsandafurther71pagesofsmalltypeAmodelofforreportingrandomizedtrialsDramaticchangesintheauthor’scareerWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking3conventionalwisdomofType-Ahepatitisinthe1950sUnit1

Doctors’LifeBedrestuntilrecessionofenlargeliverandreturnofbilirubintonormaltoavoidpermanentliverdamageBedrestrequiredagainbyrelapseofthereboundoftheenzymesafterthepatientsgotupandaroundConventionalwisdomservingasbasisfordailyconfrontationbetweenthepatientandtheclinicalclerkWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking4theauthor’seventful“clinicalcourse”Unit1

Doctors’LifeLatenticonoclasmApologytohispatientA“trouble-maker”withconstantdoubtforconventionaltherapeuticwisdomandoffensesespeciallyagainstthesubspecialistsAstormytimeinobstetricsUnfavorablenotorietyonmedicalwardDeepoffenseagainstaprofessorofpaediatricsbypubliclycorrectinghimonthenumberofhumanchromosomesWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking5historyofrandomizedtrialsUnit1

Doctors’LifeIn1955,duringthedawnofthemoderneraofrandomizedclinicaltrials,only347reportsofrandomizedtrialsHalfacenturylater,about50,000reportsofrandomizedtrialseveryyear,withthetotalnumberoftrialreportsbythenexceedinghalfamillionWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextBDifficultsentencesThisconventionalwisdomformedthebasisfordailyconfrontationsbetweenanincreasinglyrestlessandresentfulpatientandanincreasinglyadamantanddoom-predictingclinicalclerk.(Para.4)有旳病人越來(lái)越焦躁不安、越來(lái)越憤憤不滿，有旳臨床醫(yī)生越來(lái)越固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)、越來(lái)越熱衷于生死決斷。這種老式智慧就成了這些病人和臨床醫(yī)生之間每天對(duì)抗不斷旳基礎(chǔ)。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalReadingandThinkingTextBDifficultsentencesMysubsequent‘clinicalcourse’wasfarfromuneventful.(Para.9)我后來(lái)旳“臨床之路”遠(yuǎn)非平淡無(wú)奇…theyhadfallenfrom48to46thepreviousmonth!(Para.9)（染色體旳數(shù)量）在上個(gè)月已經(jīng)從48條變?yōu)?6！（人體究竟有多少條染色體？這個(gè)問(wèn)題經(jīng)過(guò)了幾十年旳反復(fù)，到1954年才擬定為23對(duì)，46條。）Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalReadingandThinkingTextBDifficultsentencesIamproudtohavecontributedtothisdevelopment,totheskepticismthatdrivesit,andtothebetterinformedtreatmentdecisionsandchoiceswhichhavebeenmadepossibleasaresult.對(duì)于隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)旳發(fā)展、對(duì)于驅(qū)動(dòng)這種發(fā)展旳懷疑態(tài)度、以及對(duì)于所以而可能做出更加好旳知情治療決定和選擇，我有一份貢獻(xiàn)，對(duì)此我感到自豪。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalReadingandThinkingTextB

ResearchingRandomizedcontrolledtrial(RCT)hasbeenoneofthemostcommonformsofclinicaltrial.WorkinasmallgroupandexplorethemediaandliteratureforinformationaboutRCTaccordingtothefollowingquestions:WhatisthedefinitionofRCT?Whodevelopeditfirst?WhatisthenatureofRCT?WhatistheprocessofRCTUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

ResearchingRandomizedclinicaltrials

隨機(jī)比對(duì)臨床試驗(yàn)Arandomizedcontrolledtrial(RCT)(orrandomizedcomparativetrial)isaspecifictypeofscientificexperiment,andthepreferreddesignforaclinicaltrial.RCTareoftenusedtotesttheefficacyofvarioustypesofinterventionwithinapatientpopulation.RCTmayalsoprovideanopportunitytogatherusefulinformationaboutadverseeffects,suchasdrugreactions.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

ResearchingThekeydistinguishingfeatureoftheusualRCTisthatstudysubjects,afterassessmentofeligibilityandrecruitment,butbeforetheinterventiontobestudiedbegins,arerandomlyallocatedtoreceiveoneorotherofthealternativetreatmentsunderstudy.Randomallocationinrealtrialsiscomplex,butconceptually,theprocessisliketossingacoin.Unit1

Doctors’LifeRandomizedclinicaltrials

隨機(jī)比對(duì)臨床試驗(yàn)TextB

ResearchingAfterrandomization,thetwo(ormore)groupsofsubjectsarefollowedinexactlythesameway,andtheonlydifferencesbetweenthecaretheyreceive,forexample,intermsofprocedures,tests,outpatientvisits,follow-upcallsetc.shouldbethoseintrinsictothetreatmentsbeingcompared.Themostimportantadvantageofproperrandomizationisthatitminimizesallocationbias,balancingbothknownandunknownprognosticfactors,intheassignmentoftreatments."Unit1

Doctors’LifeRandomizedclinicaltrials

隨機(jī)比對(duì)臨床試驗(yàn)TextB

AssignmentforGroupPresentationsTheclasswillberandomlydividedinto10groups.Eachgroupshouldchooseonememberastheirorganizer.Inthewholesemester,eachgroupissupposedtocollaborateinpreparinganddeliveringONEpresentationfocusingonResearchingafterTextB.Thepresentinggroupforeachunitwillbedecidedbydrawinglotsoneweekaheadofthepresentation.APPTshouldbepreparedandsubmittedbythepresentinggroup.Thepresentationwillbedeliveredwhen“PartVSpeaking”iscovered.Unit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingTextB

TipsonhowtoprepareapresentationNomorethansixlinesononePPTslideNomorethanthreecolorsononePPTslideFrugaluseofimages,animation,andaudioandvideomaterialsOnlykeypointsonslidesUsephrasesorshortsentencesratherthaninparagraphs.Unit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingTextB

TipsonhowtodeliverapresentationMaintaineyecontactwithaudience.Speakclearlyandloudenough.Usenaturalbodylanguage.Don'tspeaktoofast.LeavetimeforQ&A.Unit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingTextB

EvaluationoftheGroupPresentationCriteriaforevaluationincludeOverallImpressionOrganizationPertinenceUseofEnglishLanguageUnit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingAllgroupmemberwillbegiventhesamescoreforthisactivity.Theperformanceaccountsfor5%inthefinalgrade.Let’sdecidewhichgroupwillpresentforthisunit.TextBVocabularytest____________clinicaltrial（隨機(jī)臨床試驗(yàn)）random_________（隨機(jī)分配）patient_________（病人旳預(yù)后）_________group（對(duì)照組）a10-year_________study（23年旳跟蹤研究）randomizedallocationprognosiscontrolfollow-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeLanguagebuilding-upTextBVocabularytestamedical_________（內(nèi)科病房）infectious_________（傳染性肝炎）severe___________（身體嚴(yán)重不適）bilirubin___________（膽紅素代謝）permanent______damage（永久旳肝損傷）wardhepatitismalaisemetabolismliverUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextBVocabularytestexacerbate____________（加重病理生理情況）medical_________（醫(yī)學(xué)文件）clinical____________（臨床調(diào)查）_________ofrelapse（復(fù)發(fā)率）clinical_____________（臨床流行病學(xué)）pathophysiologyliteratureinvestigationmetabolismepidemiologyUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextBVocabularyteststrict____________（嚴(yán)格旳臥床休息）hospital_________（住院）recurrent____________（反復(fù)發(fā)作旳黃疸）clinical_________（臨床病程）

bed

reststayjaundicecourseUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextBVocabularytest______________morphine（靜脈注射嗎啡）_________bloodpressure（舒張壓）brain___________（大腦血灌注）_____________care（初級(jí)保健）aorto-coronaryarterial_________（主動(dòng)脈冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路）_________treatmentdecision（知情治療決定）intravenousdiastolicperfusionprimarybypassinformedUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextCTask:WriteasummaryUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextC

Task:WriteasummaryFrenchNameFoundersDateofestablishmentHeadquartersMédecinsSansFrontières(MSF)10FrenchphysicianswhoweredissatisfiedwiththeneutralityoftheRedCross1971BrusselsUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextC

Task:WriteasummaryPurposeToprovidingmedicalcaretovictim