SilentSpringRachelCarsonabundanceanabundanceofabundantbeabundantin/withOurcountryisabundantinminerals.cf：abandon豐富；充裕大量的（名詞詞組）豐富的；富有的富于；富有我國(guó)礦產(chǎn)非常豐富。遺棄；放棄acreageacremetrekilometrecentimetremillimetredecimetreyardfootinchmile面積；英畝數(shù)英畝（4047平方米）米千米厘米毫米分米碼英尺英寸英里kilogramgrammilligramtondegreesCelsiusdegreesFahrenheitsquarecube千克克毫克噸攝氏度華氏度平方立方boundHeisboundbyaffection.thepasttenseandpastparticipleofbind.Thereareboundtobepriceincreasesnextyear.TheshipwasboundforItaly.Theballboundedagainstthewall.Ifaplaceisoutofbounds,peoplearenotallowedtogothere.越限的；禁止入內(nèi)的withinbounds:在允許活動(dòng)的范圍內(nèi);在安全(或適當(dāng))范圍以內(nèi)，在限度之內(nèi)；brandBrandManagementBrandimagebrandcultureBrandDesigninternationalbrand

品牌管理;品牌戰(zhàn)略品牌形象品牌文化;企業(yè)文化品牌設(shè)計(jì);品牌形象設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)際品牌

brandcheck，balanceCCB(ChinaConstructionBank)中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行ABC(AgriculturalBankofChina)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行ICBC(IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina)中國(guó)工商銀行BOC（BankofChina)中國(guó)銀行BCM(BankofCommunications)交通銀行

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國(guó)家預(yù)算股票國(guó)庫(kù)券貨幣基金貸款外匯波動(dòng)黃金儲(chǔ)備股票交易所經(jīng)紀(jì)人傭金contamination,pollutioncontamination:thesituationthataplaceorsubstanceismadedirtyorharmfulbyputtingsthsuchaschemicalsorpoisoninit.pollution:undesirablestateofthenaturalenvironmentbeingcontaminatedwithharmfulsubstancesasaconsequenceofhumanactivitiescontaminate pollutecontaminant pollutantcounter-counterpart“對(duì)立”，“相應(yīng)”，“交互”；“對(duì)應(yīng)的”，“對(duì)等的”counterclockwise“反”,“逆”,“對(duì)立”,“相對(duì)”counterplot“報(bào)復(fù)”，“反擊”，“反駁”，“回?fù)舻摹保皥?bào)復(fù)性的”damp----------------dumpADJSomethingthatisdampisslightlywet.eg.Herhairwasstilldamp....thedamp,coldair.N-UNCOUNTDampismoistureontheinsidewallsofahouseorintheair.VERB

restrainordiscourageeg."thesuddenbadnewsdampedthejoyousatmosphere"cast/strike/throwadampover/intodampdownV-TIfyoudumpsomethingsomewhere,youputitorunloadittherequicklyandcarelessly.V-TIfsomethingisdumpedsomewhere,itisputorlefttherebecauseitisnolongerwantedorneeded.V-TTodumpsomethingsuchasanidea,policy,orpracticemeanstostopsupportingorusingit.V-TIfafirmorcompanydumpsgoods,itsellslargequantitiesofthematpricesfarbelowtheirrealvalue,usuallyinanothercountry,inordertogainabiggermarketshareortokeeppriceshighinthehomemarket.V-TIfyoudumpsomeone,youendyourrelationshipwiththem.N-COUNTAdumpisaplacewhererubbishandwastematerialareleft,forexample,onopengroundoutsideatown.ecologistecological;ecoecologicalenvironmentecologicalsystemecologicalbalanceecologicalagricultureecologicalcrisisecologicalengineeringecologicalbenefitecologicaleffectecologicalconditionecologicaldamageecologicaldistributionecology生態(tài)環(huán)境生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)平衡生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)危機(jī)生態(tài)工程；生態(tài)工程學(xué)生態(tài)效益生態(tài)效應(yīng)生態(tài)條件；生態(tài)環(huán)境生態(tài)破壞生態(tài)分布環(huán)境：environment，surroundingsconditions，circumstancessurroundings偏重于生活、居住的周圍環(huán)境environment則指對(duì)人的成長(zhǎng)、情感、觀念、倫理、道德、品行等產(chǎn)生影響的環(huán)境。conditions雖有"環(huán)境"的含義，不過(guò)更接近漢語(yǔ)“條件”——泛指改變、限制性因素，也指影響生活質(zhì)量的種種因素。circumstances則相當(dāng)于“形勢(shì)、情況”，往往指人力無(wú)法控制、駕馭的事件和事態(tài)的總和。circumstances還有一層意思，便是境遇、財(cái)力、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，如經(jīng)濟(jì)寬余、生活安逸，或者經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)、境遇不佳時(shí)，兩詞有時(shí)也可通用，在習(xí)語(yǔ)中,詞的搭配是固定的，不可互換，如in/underthecircumstances,in/undernocircumstances。landscape,scenery,scene,viewEachyear,wespendourvacationinthemountainsandenjoythe________.Theystoodgazingthehappy_____ofchildrenplayinginthepark.Ourhousehasa_____ofthepark.The________seenfromthemountainsisgreenandbeautiful.landscape,scenery,scene,viewlandscapen.(自然的)風(fēng)景，景色；風(fēng)景畫(huà)。sceneryn.風(fēng)景，景色，舞臺(tái)布景，強(qiáng)調(diào)從美的角度看，某個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的總體外貌。scenen.指從遠(yuǎn)處看到的某一具體景色、景象，也可以指人物的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)面；(犯罪的)地點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。viewn.指從遠(yuǎn)處或窗戶看到的視野范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)景；觀點(diǎn)，看法。landscape,scenery,scene,viewEachyear,wespendourvacationinthemountainsandenjoythe________.Theystoodgazingthehappy_____ofchildrenplayinginthepark.Ourhousehasa_____ofthepark.The________seenfromthemountainsisgreenandbeautiful.scenerysceneviewlandscapemigrant，immigrant，emigrant這組詞都有“移居者，遷移的人”的意思，其區(qū)別是：migrant通常指大批短期或定期移居的人，候鳥(niǎo)。immigrant指自他國(guó)移入，長(zhǎng)期定居的人。emigrant指自本國(guó)移出，長(zhǎng)期定居在外的人。migrateimmigrateemigrate1.Ifyourcoatistoolong,

thetailorcan___ittofityou.A.alterB.convertC.changeD.modify2.Great___havetakenplacesinceheleft.A.altersB.convertsC.changesD.transforms3.HeusedtobeaChristian,butheisnow___toBuddhism.A.convertedB.changedC.transformedD.reformed4.Pricesthat___withthequality.A.shiftB.varyC.convertD.alter5.Thewindhas___fromnorthtosouth.A.shiftedB.convertedC.alteredD.transformed6.Manymilitaryfactorieshavebeen___intocivilonesinordertomeettheneedsofthecountry.A.alteredB.variedC.shiftedD.transformed7.Theinventor___hisoriginaldesigninordertoincreasethemachine’seffiency.A.exchangedB.convertedC.modifiedD.cultivatedchange，modify，convert，shift，transform，vary，alter，change改變,變更,指位置,性質(zhì),外表,形式或是數(shù)量與質(zhì)量等改變.常與into連用.modify修改,變更,較正式,常用以表示意見(jiàn),計(jì)劃或形式,質(zhì)量方面不大的變化convert使轉(zhuǎn)變,變化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面發(fā)生的次要變化,而不是本質(zhì)上的巨大變化,也可用于改變某人的政治觀點(diǎn)、信仰.這個(gè)詞義是其他詞所沒(méi)有的shift指位置或方向的移動(dòng),改變transform指外形或面貌的改變,徹底改變性格,性質(zhì)等vary改變,不同,有區(qū)別,變化alter改變,變更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分變動(dòng),而沒(méi)有變成另一種事物change，modify，convert，shift，transform，vary，alter，1.Ifyourcoatistoolong,

thetailorcan___ittofityou.A.alterB.convertC.changeD.modify2.Great___havetakenplacesinceheleft.A.altersB.convertsC.changesD.transforms3.HeusedtobeaChristian,butheisnow___toBuddhism.A.convertedB.changedC.transformedD.reformed4.Pricesthat___withthequality.A.shiftB.varyC.convertD.alter5.Thewindhas___fromnorthtosouth.A.shiftedB.convertedC.alteredD.transformed6.Manymilitaryfactorieshavebeen___intocivilonesinordertomeettheneedsofthecountry.A.alteredB.variedC.shiftedD.transformed7.Theinventor___hisoriginaldesigninordertoincreasethemachine’seffiency.A.exchangedB.convertedC.modifiedD.cultivatedACABADCalter，change，convert，modify，shift，transform，varyperplex,embarrass,puzzle,bewilder,confusepuzzlev.使迷惑，感到不解，強(qiáng)調(diào)不理解或解決不了。Wherethesunkentreasureispuzzlesexplorers.沉沒(méi)寶藏的下落令探險(xiǎn)家們大惑不解。bewilderv.使困惑，使茫然，強(qiáng)調(diào)非常困惑，通常表現(xiàn)為心理和智力的紊亂，語(yǔ)氣最重。Hewasfiredwithoutwarningandiscompletelybewilderedaboutthereason.他沒(méi)有得到事先警告就被開(kāi)除了，完全不明白是什么原因。perplexv.除困惑外，還含焦慮或缺乏把握之意，難于作出決定，無(wú)從下手。Thenewtaxlawsperplexme.新稅收法律使我很費(fèi)解。confusev.一般用語(yǔ)，使混亂，使糊涂，強(qiáng)調(diào)因混淆而使人產(chǎn)生迷亂。Hesentthewrongreportsbecauseheconfusedthemwithotherones.他發(fā)錯(cuò)了報(bào)告，因?yàn)樗阉鼈兺硗庖恍﹫?bào)告混淆在一起了。embarrassv.使窘迫，使困惑，有令人不快、難為情和內(nèi)心混亂的意味。Herboyfriendembarrassedherbyteasinghernewhairstyleinfrontofothers.她的男友在別人面前嘲笑她的新發(fā)型，使她感到難堪。nationalbudgetstock,sharetreasurybill

monetaryfund

loanforeignexchangefluctuationgoldreserve

stockexchangebrokercommission

國(guó)家預(yù)算股票國(guó)庫(kù)券貨幣基金貸款外匯波動(dòng)黃金儲(chǔ)備股票交易所經(jīng)紀(jì)人傭金spellIftheirrigationplangoesahead,itcouldspelldisasterforthebirds.如果該灌溉計(jì)劃繼續(xù)的話，這對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類可能預(yù)示著災(zāi)難。

Vt.預(yù)示(通常不好的結(jié)果)Theysayshediedafterawitchcastaspellonher.人們說(shuō)一個(gè)女巫對(duì)她施了魔后她就死了。n.咒語(yǔ)

Therehasbeenalongspellofdryweather.干旱天氣已持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。

n.(某種天氣或活動(dòng)的)短暫發(fā)生期spellout講清楚underaspell被迷住；被符咒鎮(zhèn)住dryspell干旱期；干期stillIstilldreamofhome.Davidhadbeendancingaboutlikeachild,butsuddenlyhestoodstill.Thenightairwasverystill.TherearestillsfromtheJamesBondmovieseriesadv. 仍然adv. 靜止不動(dòng)地adj. 靜止的n. 電影劇照vi.靜止；平靜；蒸餾subject名詞和形容詞讀作?s?bd??kt。動(dòng)詞讀作s?b?d??kt。n.vt.subject

someonetosomethingadj.besubjecttosubjecttoPricesmaybesubjecttofluctuation.主題；科目；[語(yǔ)]主語(yǔ)；國(guó)民使…隸屬；使屈從于…使服從于；使遭受服從的；易患…的；受制于…的(可能)受…影響的取決于價(jià)格可能會(huì)受波動(dòng)影響。witchcraft:巫術(shù)、妖法

Thequeenhadsomeknowledgeofwitchcraft,andsheknewhowtopoisonanapple,sothatwhoeverateitwouldfalldeadwitch;sorceresswizard;sorcerer-crafteg.handicraft;aircraft表示“…的工作、技藝或業(yè)務(wù)”WordsReviewdampDampgunpowderwillnotfire.潮濕的火藥不會(huì)起火。assaultThearmyassaultedthecastleonallsides.軍隊(duì)從四面八方向城堡發(fā)起突擊tamperIdon'twanttobeaccusedoftamperingwiththeevidence.我不想被指控篡改證據(jù)。chorusPossiblyBeethoven'sgreatestwork,almosteveryoneknowsthe"OdetoJoy"chorusofthefinalmovement.這可能是貝多芬最偉大的作品，幾乎所有人都知道末樂(lè)章的"歡樂(lè)頌"大合唱confineHerillnessconfinedhertobed.她的病使她整天躺在床上。contaminationHowever,contaminationcanoccuratanypointalongthefoodchain,fromfieldtotable.然而，污染沿著食物鏈可能在任何的點(diǎn)上發(fā)生，從田地到餐桌。immuneInpeoplewithhealthyimmunesystems,thesesymptomsdonotlastmorethanaboutaweek.在具有健康免疫系統(tǒng)的人身上，這些癥狀的持續(xù)不會(huì)超過(guò)一個(gè)星期。boundThenewlyemergingforcesareboundtodefeatwhatiscorruptanddegenerate.新生力量必然戰(zhàn)勝腐朽力量。filmWiththisinstantfilmthepicturedevelopsinonlyoneminute.用這種快速膠卷，照片僅用一分鐘就會(huì)顯影。modifyWehadtoslightlymodifytheoriginaldesign.我們不得不對(duì)原來(lái)的設(shè)計(jì)稍加修改。isolatedThemetaphysicalworldoutlookseesthingsasisolated,staticandone-sided.形而上學(xué)宇宙觀用孤立的、靜止的和片面的觀點(diǎn)去看世界。resurgenceAmajorsignificantfailureoftheresurgenceofmarket-orientedpolicieswasafailuretoreformthemonetarysystem.以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策復(fù)蘇的一個(gè)重要的大失敗就是貨幣體系改革的失敗。undergoThecityhasundergonemanychangesduringthelasttenyears.這個(gè)城市在過(guò)去十年中經(jīng)歷了很多變化。suppressTherebellionagainstthegovernmenthasbeensuppressedbythegovernmenttroops.反政府的叛亂已被政府軍平定了。landscapeWhenshootingalandscape,however,youusuallywanteverythingtobeinfocus.但當(dāng)你拍攝風(fēng)景的時(shí)候，你還是希望一切都在鏡頭當(dāng)中的。explosiveTheexplosivemixtureinarocketconsistsofbothafuelandasupplyofoxygen.火箭中的爆炸性混合物由燃料和氧氣構(gòu)成。consentAtapproximately11:30p.m.,Pollardfinallygavehisconsenttothesearch.大約晚上11:30的時(shí)候，波拉德終于對(duì)搜查予以同意。evolveBirdsarewidelybelievedtohaveevolvedfromdinosaurs.鳥(niǎo)類普遍被認(rèn)為是從恐龍進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。RachelCarsonandherworkIntroductiontoRachelCarson

(1907-1964)ShegrewuponasmallPennsylvaniafarm,wenttothePennsylvaniaCollege,majoredinzoology,andthenwenttoJohnHopkinsforamaster’sdegreeingenetics.Publications:UndertheSea-Wind

TheSeaAroundUsTheEdgeoftheSea

SilentSpringInthewakeofSilentSpring,shewasattackedpersonallyandasascientistbymany.WhileshewasworkingonSilentSpring,shelearnedshehadbreastcancer.ShediedtwoyearsafterSilentSpringwaspublished,atage56.ReportonSilentSpring(1962)The$300,000,000pesticidesindustryhasbeenhighlyirritatedbyaquietwomanauthorwhosepreviousworksonsciencehavebeenpraisedforthebeautyandprecision

ofthewriting.Inherlatestwork,however,MissCarsonisnotsogentle.

Morepointedthanpoetic,shearguesthatthewidespreaduseofpesticidesisdangerouslytiltingtheso-calledbalanceofnature.Pesticidespoison

notonlypests,shesays,butalsohumans,wildlife,thesoil,foodandwater.NYTimes15apr64SignificanceoftheBookItrousedanewpublicawarenessthatnaturewasvulnerabletohumanintervention.Conservation

hadneverraisedmuchbroadpublicinterest,forfewpeoplereallyworriedaboutthedisappearanceofwilderness.Butthethreatsshehad

outlined—thecontaminationofthefoodchain,cancer,geneticdamage,thedeathsofentire

species—weretoofrighteningtoignore.Forthefirsttime,theneedtoregulateindustryinordertoprotecttheenvironmentbecamewidelyaccepted,andenvironmentalism

wasborn.TextAnalysisOutofhisignoranceandlackofconcernfortheintegrityofnature,manistamperingwithnaturebyabusingchemicals,causingirrecoverableharmsonenvironmentandpeople.

ThemeofthestoryPart1(paras.1—2)about:

Part2(paras.)about:Part3(paras.)about:Part4(paras.)about:Part5(paras.)about:TextAnalysisStructureofthetext3—56—910—23beautyandharmonyenjoyedbybothnatureandallitslife

evilspelltransitionalparagraphs,directingreaders’attentiontotheverycauseofthenationwidedisaster—awhitepowder,thechemicalexplanationofhowtheecologicaldisasterswerecreated24—25propersolutiontothedisastersEvilSpellInPara.3,4,5

Question:

Whatistheevilspell?Spellisabewitchedstate,astatecompletelycapturedbymagicpower.Mysteriousdiseasesswepttheflocksofchickens;cattleandsheepsickenedanddied;birdstrembledandcouldnotfly;fishdiedinthestreams.Peoplewereinfectedwithnewdiseaseswithseveralsuddenandunexplaineddeaths.Vegetationwitheredandgotbrowned.Nolifewasontheroad,inthestream;silencelayoverthefields,thewoodsandmarsh.Question:

WhydidCarsoncallman’stamperingwithnatureawaragainstnature?Awarinvolvesthekillingofhundredsofthousandsofpeople—the“badpeopleorgoodpeople”—withtheirinventedweapons. Insects,birds,plants,fish,even“pests”areallpartofnature.Bycreatingandusingchemical“weapons”,mankilledeveryinsectthe”good”or“bad”,stilledthesongofbirdsand