中考英語語法知識難點(diǎn)大全（一）形容詞和副詞I．要點(diǎn)A．

形容詞1、形容詞的用法形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)，有時(shí)還可作狀語。如：Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)（描述性）+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如：thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容詞比較等級的形式（1）規(guī)則形式一般說來，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er;--est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級；其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more,most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant（2）不規(guī)則形式good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least（3）形容詞比較等級的用法①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級+than.如：Heisclevererthantheotherboys.Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the+形容詞最高級（+名詞）+of(in)…"如：Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as+形容詞原級+as".如：HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好又如：Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過分。⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。⑦M(jìn)yEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。B．副詞1、副詞的種類（1）時(shí)間副詞如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等（2）地點(diǎn)副詞如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。（3）方式副詞如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。（4）程度副詞如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副詞比較等級的用法其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如：Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別（1）already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問句；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.（2）too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑問句，too和aswell多用于口語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn'tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3)hard,hardlyhardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4)late,latelylately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?II．

例題例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalready____AhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。例2____theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+…,the+形容詞比較級+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven'tbeentoLondonyet"."Ihaven'tbeenthere____".AtooBalsoCeitherDneither解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"。例4MrSmithwas____movedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析：該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時(shí)，修飾具體的深，如digdeep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。（二）

介詞I．

要點(diǎn)1、介詞和種類（1）簡單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。（2）復(fù)合介詞，如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系（1）和動詞的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。（2）和形容詞的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat（3）和名詞的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如：Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例（1）at,on,in（表時(shí)間）表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等；表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。指長于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。（2）between,among（表位置）between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也用between,如I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.（3）beside,besidesbeside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?（4）inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指動物或人在樹上，而onthetree指果實(shí)、樹葉長在樹上（5）ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指擋道bytheway指順便問一句inthisway用這樣的方法（6）inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner指在拐角內(nèi)atthecorner指在拐角外（7）inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般說法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨（8）bybus,onthebusbybus是一般說法onthebus特指乘某一輛車II．

例題例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析：A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but，意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides,意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎？例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析：我們均知道，atnight這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。例3I'mlookingforward____yourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析：該題正確答案為A。lookforwardto為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。（三）連詞I．

要點(diǎn)1、連詞的種類（1）并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。（2）從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了從屬連詞（引導(dǎo)狀語從句）外，還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞（引導(dǎo)名詞性從句），關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞（引導(dǎo)定語從句）。2、常用連詞舉例(1)and和，并且Theydrankandsangallnight.(2)both…and和，既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3)but但是，而I'msad,butheishappy.(4)either…or或…或…，要么…要么…Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.(5)for因?yàn)镮askedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6)however然而，可是Affirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7)neither…nor既不…也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8)notonly…but(also)不但…而且…Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9)or或者，否則Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10)so因此，所以It'sgettinglate,soImustgo.(11)although雖然Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12)assoonas一…就I'lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(13)because因?yàn)镠edidn'tgotoschool,becausehewasill.（14）unless除非，如果不Iwon'tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.（15）until直到…Hedidn'tleaveuntileleven.(瞬間動詞用于not…until結(jié)構(gòu))Hestayedthereuntileleven.（16）while當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而(表示對比)WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬間動詞)Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.（17）for因?yàn)镠ewasill,forhedidn'tcome.(結(jié)論是推斷出來的)（18）since自從…Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.（19）hardly…when一…就Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.（20）asfaras就…來說AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)II．

例題例1Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。和…一樣好為aswellas.故該題正確答案為B。例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。英語語法知識難點(diǎn)（二）（四）動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)I．要點(diǎn)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes,always,often,everyday等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.（2）表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與now,atpresent等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Whatareyoudoingnow?(2)和always,continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常含有某種情感。如：Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just,already,sofar,once,never等詞連用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4、一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow,nextyear等連用。如：I'llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.We'regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等詞連用。如：Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.８、一般過去將來時(shí)表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn't.９、被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。時(shí)／式一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave過去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven將來shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill過去將來shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII．例題例１Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語in1950,所以不用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。例２Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents.AislookedBhaslookedforCisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。（五）動詞虛擬語氣I．要點(diǎn)表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。１、虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成情景條件從句的謂語動詞主句的謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動詞過去式（be要用were）should+動詞原形would與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞should+have+過去分詞would與將來事實(shí)相反１、動詞過去時(shí)２、should+動詞原形３、wereto+動詞原形should＋動詞原形would注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had,should,could有時(shí)可將if省去,但要倒裝。如：Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.２、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用（１）在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省)＋動詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。句型一：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that…句型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that…如：Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.（２）在賓語從句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.（３）在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.（４）在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.（５）在Itistimethat…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或"should＋動詞原形",should不可省。如：It'stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.II．例題例１Wehadhopedthathe____longer.AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay解析：該題正確答案為Ｄ。hadhoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動詞還有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語氣例２"Marywantstoseeyoutoday"."Iwouldrathershe____tomorrowthantoday."AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。wouldrather后面的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動詞過去時(shí)表示。例３Hadshebeenolder,she____itbetter.AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwoulddo解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故該題正確答案為Ｂ。（六）短語動詞I．要點(diǎn)英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：（１）動詞＋介詞常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：Don'tlaughatothers.Ididn'tcareaboutit.（２）動詞＋副詞常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon'tforgettohanditin.（３）動詞＋副詞＋介詞常見的有l(wèi)ookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.（４）動詞＋名詞＋介詞常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.（５）動詞＋形容詞常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.（６）動詞＋名詞常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.（7）辨析giveaway(讓給，暴露)和giveup（放棄，停止）putaway（放起，收起）和putout（撲滅）turnup（出席，放大）和turnon（打開）keepout（阻止）和keepoff（不讓靠近）makeup（編造，補(bǔ)上）和makeout（辨認(rèn)）takeoff（脫，起飛）和takeout（拿出）II．例題例１Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage.AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup解析：該題正確答案為Ａ。意為"存"；keepup意為"繼續(xù)"；giveaway意為"分發(fā)"；layup"貯藏"。例２Here'smycard.Let'skeepin____.AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship解析：該題正確答案為A.keepintouch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。例３____!There'satraincoming.ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon解析：該題選A.lookout意為"小心"。（七）動詞不定式I．要點(diǎn)１、不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。式｜語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式towritetobewritten完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten進(jìn)行式tobewriting完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeenwrit