學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精Period4ReadingandWritingTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisperiodteachingandstudyingwillcenteronreadingandwriting。Asusual,theteachercanbegintheteachingwithrevisiontheformerknowledge,thatistosay,thecontentofFirstImpressions。Thispartcanbealsoregardedasthelead-in,becausethepassagetobelearnedisthecontinuedpartofFirstImpression。ItwilldescribeamazingthingsthatLiQianghasseeninthefutureAD3005.Astoreadingtraining，thepurposeofdoingitistohelpthestudentstoformthegoodhabitofreadingwithsomestrategy。Theteachershoulddevelopthestudents'abilityofscanningandskimming，includingtheimpliedmeaningbeyondlines。Soatthebeginning,getthestudentstoprepareknowledgeforreading。Inordertoreachthatpurpose，theteacherfirstlywillasksomequestionsaboutwhattheyhavelearnedinthesecondperiod，andthenletthemtalkaboutwhattheycanseeinthepicture.Thenletthestudentsscanthepassageandfindwhatamazingthingsarementioned.Later,theteacherwillaskthestudentstoskimitandfindoutthemainideaforeachparagraph。Thepurposeofdoingtheseistohelpthestudentstoformthegoodhabitofreading。Whenreadingapassage，wehadbetterfirstreaditaswhole,thatis,understandthestructureofthepassageandcatchthemainideawiththehelpofstructureandtitle.Thefollowingstepistoreadthepassageforthedetails.Theteachercandesignsometeachingactivitiestohelpthestudentstoknowaboutmoreandmoreinformationbytakingpartinthereadingactivities.Asaresult,theteachershouldbecareful，cautiousandcreativewhendesigningthereadingactivities。Thereadingactivitieshadbetterbevarious，whichcancausemorestudents’attention。Attheendofreading，someactivitiesshouldbedesignedtoleadthestudentstounderstandtheimpliedmeaningbeyondthepassage.Atthesametime,letthestudentsconsiderthewritingpurpose，whichservesthepurposeoftheauthorwritingit.Besidesreading,theclassisalsoexpectedtolearnandpractisewritingskill.Bystudyingthepassage,thestudentsshouldlearntheabilityofdescribingthethingsandwhattheyimagineimitatingthepassage。Theteachershouldgivethestudentssomeadviceonhowtosucceedindescribingthethingsandwhattheyimagine。TeachingImportantPointsMastertheskillofgistreading.Developthestudents'abilityofunderstandingtheimpliedmeaning。Improvethestudents'writingability.TeachingDifficultiesDevelopthestudents’abilityofunderstandingtheimpliedmeaning.TeachingAidsMulti-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtoolsThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeAimsGetthestudentstoknowaboutwhatLiQiangfoundinthefutureinAD3005.Learntheknowledgeabouthowtowriteapassageaboutdescriptionofthethings.AbilityAimsMastertheskillofgistreading。Developthestudents’abilityofunderstandingtheimpliedmeaning。Improvethestudents’writingability.EmotionalAimsReadingthepassageistoattempttocultivatestudents’spiritofexploringscienceandfuture。TeachingProcedureStep1GreetingT:Hello,myfriends.Ss：Hello,MissWang。Step2RevisionT:Doyoustillrememberwhatwelearnedinthesecondperiod?S：FirstImpressions。T：HowdidLiQiangtraveltotheearthinAD3005？S：Withthehelpofhisfriend，hetraveledbytimecapsuletotheearthbutonethousandyearsinthefuture.T:Howdidhefeelwhenhefoundhiminacompletelystrangeworld?S:Hewasconfusedbythenewsurroundings。T:Good.Nowlet'smakesomesentenceswith“LiQiang”todescribewhathesawandexperienced.S:LiQiangsufferedfromthelackoffreshaironhisarrivalatthenewworldinthefuture.S:LiQiangfeltmuchbetterafterputtingonaspecialmask，thoughtheairseemedthinthere.S:LiQianggotseparatedfromhisfriendwhentheyreachedwhatlookedlikealargemarket.Ss：...Step3Pre-readingT:Youdidagoodjob.Mostofyoureviewedwhatwelearned。NowletusguesswhatLiQiangwouldgoonvisiting.S:Hewastovisitotherplanetsbytimecapsule。S:Iguesshewouldgotovisitsomeinterestingplaces。S：Ithinkhewouldpayavisittoafamilyandaschool.Ss:。.。T：Ifyouweretheauthorofthepassage，whatwouldyouliketointroducetoreaders?S：Imightintroducethealienswhohemetinthefuture.S：IthinkIwoulddescribethewayoffuturelife.S:IfIweretheauthor,Iwouldprefertowritesomethingaboutfutureschool。T:Somestudentsseemtohavethesameopinionastheauthor,whilesomemightbeabletowriteanewpassageforustoenjoy。Iamgladtoknowyouallhaveusedyourheadstohavevariousanswers.NowstudythepictureonPage21totellmewhatyoucanseeinthepicture。S：Icanseeastrangethingisworkinginaspecialplace。S：Thestrangethinghassixhandsandoneleg，butitsheadissimilartoours。S:Thereisanothercreature，whichisverysmallwithmanyhands,comparedwiththebigone.Ss：..。Step4FastReadingT：Nowletusreadthetitletogether.T:Canyoupredictwhatthepassagemaybeabout?S:Itmaybeaboutwhathehadseen,especiallyabouttheamazingthingsinthefuture。T:Youareright。Asweallknow，thebesttitleistheonewhichcanshowthemainideaofthereadingpassage。Asaconsequence，weshouldreadthetitlewhenwebegintoreadone,whichwillhelpustounderstandapassage。Now,readthepassagequicklytofindwhatamazingthingsarementionedinit。(Afteroneminute。)S:apacestation，somealiencreatures，mu—mu,dimpodsT:Yes。Pleaselookthroughitagainandfindoutmainideaforeachparagraph.You’dbetterfinishitintwominutes。(Twominuteslater,askthestudentstoshowtheiropiniontothewholeclass.Thendiscussitanddecidethebestanswer。Theteachershouldtellthemtheanswerintheend.)Suggestedanswers:Para.1aspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninthispartofspacePare。2thefriendliestcreatures,mu—muPara。3themostinterestingcreatures，dimpodsPara.4thedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthemStep5CarefulReadingT:PleasereadPara.oneandanswerthequestions：Wheredidhefirstvisit？Describetheplace.（Afteroneminute.)S:Hisfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninthispartofspace。Itisanenormousroundplate，anditspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearth’sgravity.Insideofit，itisdividedintozoneswithextraordinarilydifferatmospheresandgravities。T：Right。Whatotherstrangethingscanbefound？S:Therelivethealiencreatureswhiletheyworkwithhumanspacescientistssearchingfornewworlds。T：Nowpleasereadthenexttwoparagraphstotellthefollowingsentencestrueorfalse.1。Thefriendliestcreaturesarethetinydimpods，whilethemostinterestingcreaturesarethemu—mu.2。Themu—mumustwearrednightlightsonthehelmetssothattheycanseeinthedark。3.TheWorldSpaceAgencywillsendaspaceshiptoexaminethefourthstarinthePleiadessystemnextyear。4.Themu-mucanskiparoundthepipesandbetweenthewoodenwallsofthespacestation.5。Thetinydimpodsaregreatengineers，whichrequirethesamethesameatmospheresashumans.6.Thetinydimpodsvanproducealiquidfromtheirbodies,whichmeltsmetalandveryusefulfortheoutsideforspaceships.（Givestudentsfourminutestoreadandconsiderthestatements。)T：Let’schecktheanswers.Ifitiswrong,pleasecorrectit.S：1。Ithinkthefirstsentenceiswrong。Thetwoobjectsshouldbeexchanged.Thatistosay，thefriendliestcreaturesarethemu—mu,whilethemostinterestingcreaturesarethetinydimpods。T:Right.Whataboutthenext?S:2.Itisfalse。Humanbeingsmustwearrednightlightsonthehelmetssothattheycanseeinthedark.Butthemu—musdon’tneeditbecausetheycanseeinthedark.T:Good.Isthethirdonewrong?S:3.Ithinkitisright。T:Right.Whataboutthenextone?S:4.Itiswrong。Thetinydimpodscanskiproundthepipesandbetweenthewoodenwallsofthespacestation。T:Iagreewithyou。S：5.Thefifthandthesixthareright.T:Excellent。Now,let'sreadthelastparagraphandcombinewhatwejustreadtofinishthefollowingchart.NameofcreatureMu—muDimpodsSizeBigTinyAppearanceTheyaretallandthinwithshell-covered“l(fā)eg”。Theyaresmall,justthesizeofalittlecat.ColorTheyhaveblackandwhitefaces。Theyarepurpleorblueandthecolorchangesdependingontheirmood。Personality1。Theyseeinthedarksotheyliveinanareawithoutlightofanykind。2。Theyarecleversothattheyhaveassistedinthescientificdiscovery.3.Theyarenoteasytotalktosothatyouhavetousealanguage-changertohelp。Themu-musonlyspeakinwhispers.4。Theyeatfoodthatcontainscarbonanddrinkastrangemixtureofcarrotjuiceandcocoa.1.Theyrequirethesameatmosphereashumans.2.Theyaregreatengineersandveryclever。3.Theyareabletotravelmanylightyearsawayfromtheearth,whichcanproduceastrangeliquidfromtheirbodies.4.Theyaredifficulttotalktosothatyouhavetousealanguage-changertohelp。Thedimpodsshoutloudlyinyourear.5。Theyeatfoodthatcontainscarbon，whichdrinklemonademixedwithherbs。NumberofarmsSixarmsManyarmsNumberoflegsAshell-coveredlegManylegsHowitmovesTheymoveforwardbyslowlyshakingfromsidetosideonashell—coveredleg.Theyskiparoundthepipesandbetweenthewoodenwallsofthespacestation.Step6Post-readingT:What’sthemainidea?S：Thepassagemainlytellsusthestrangethingsthathesawinthefuture.T:Right.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage？S:Writingthepassageistoletusknowwhatwillhappeninadvance.S:Ithinktheauthorattemptedtoencourageustobebraveenoughtosearchforthefuturetospeedupthedevelopmentofscience。T：Whatacleverhead！Weshouldhaveacreativespirittoexplorethedevelopmentofthefuturetobuildupoursociety.Weshouldworkhardtomakecontributionstoourcountry，tryingtomakeourhomelandhighlydeveloped。T：Nowlet’simaginetoaddtwoextracharacteristicsofthecreatures。Discusswhatanaliencreatureofyourownmightbelikewithyourpartners。(Aboutthreeminutes,asksomestudentstodescribewhatanaliencreaturemightbelikeintheirminds.)Step7WritingT:Justnowyoudiscusswhatanaliencreatureofyourownmightbelike。Nowpleasedrawapictureofyouralien.Thenwriteadescriptionbasedonyourdrawingandthenotesinthechart.Showyourdrawingtoyourclassmatesandreadyourdescriptiontothem。（Givethemtenminutestodoit。First，letthemdoitbythemselves。Latergetthemtoexchangewiththeirdeskmates。Finallyasksomestudentstoshowtheirworktothewholeclass.Duringdoingit，theteachercandesignacompetitiontoarousetheirinterest。Ifpossible，getsomeexcellentworksshowntothewholeschooltoencouragestudentstohaveacreativespirit。)Step8ConsolidationT:Inthisperiod，wemainlyfocusonreadingthepassage：IHaveSeenAmazingThings.Wouldyoupleasemakeasentencewith“WhatIhaveseen。..”?(Inordertogetmorestudentstotakepartinthisactivity，theteachercanletthemhaveacompetitionbetweengroups.)Step9HomeworkT：AfterclasswriteapassagetitledAnAlieninMyMind，imitatingthepassage.Inyourdescriptiontherewillbenameofcreature,size，appearance，color,howtomove,personalityandsoon.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit3LifeinthefuturePeriod4ReadingandWritingStructureComparisonPara1aspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninthispartofspacePare2thefriendliestcreatures，mu-muPara3themostinterestingcreatures,dimpodsPara4thedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthemMu-muDimpodsSizeAppearanceColorPersonalityNumberofarmsNumberoflegsHowitmovesResearchandActivitiesGetthestudentstoparticipateinacompetitionaboutdesigningthefuture。Thethemeofthecompetitionisrobotsinthefuturehome。Thestudentsareaskedtoworkingroupsoffourtodesigntherobotsintheirminds.Theywilldrawthepicturesoftherobotsandalsodescribethesize,appearance,personalityandhowtowork.Inordertoattractmoreattention，thedesignersshouldgiveavividdescriptionaboutitsoutstandingadvantagesandfunction。Inadditiontobeautifulappearanceandextraordinaryfunction,thedesigningshouldalsobefullofimagination。Thegroupwhosedescriptioniswonderful，togetherwithimaginative，beautifulandfunctionaldesign，willbethewinner.ReferenceforTeachingSpaceprograminthefutureTherisktakersandvisionariesofthisagencyhaveexpandedhumanknowledge，haverevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverse，andproducedtechnologicaladvancesthathavebenefitedallofhumanity.Inspiredbyallthathascomebefore，andguidedbyclearobjectives，todaytheysetanewcourseforAmerica’sspaceprogram.TheywillgiveNASAanewfocusandvisionforfutureexploration。Theywillbuildnewshipstocarrymanforwardintotheuniverse,togainanewfootholdonthemoon,andtopreparefornewjourneystoworldsbeyondtheirown。Theircurrentprogramsandvehiclesforexploringspacehavebroughtthemfar。TheSpaceShuttlehasflownmorethanahundredmissions.Ithasbeenusedtoconductimportantresearchandtoincreasethesumofhumanknowledge。Shuttlecrews,andthescientistsandengineerswhosupportthem，havehelpedtobuildtheInternationalSpaceStation.Telescopes—includingthoseinspace—haverevealedmorethan100planetsinthelastdecadealone。ProbeshaveshownthemstunningimagesoftheringsofSaturnandtheouterplanetsofoursolarsystem。Roboticexplorershavefoundevidenceofwater—akeyingredientforlife-onMarsandonthemoonsofJupiter。Atthisveryhour，theMarsExplorationRoverSpiritissearchingforevidenceoflifebeyondtheEarth.ItistimeforAmericatotakethenextsteps.TheirfirstgoalistocompletetheInternationalSpaceStationby2010.Theywillfocustheirfutureresearchaboardthestationonthelong—termeffectsofspacetravelonhumanbiology。Theenvironmentofspaceishostiletohumanbeings。Radiationandweightlessnessposedangerstohumanhealth，andwehavemuchtolearnabouttheirlong-termeffectsbeforehumancrewscanventurethroughthevastvoidsofspaceformonthsatatime。ResearchonboardthestationandhereonEarthwillhelpusbetterunderstandandovercometheobstaclesthatlimitexploration.Throughtheseeffortswewilldeveloptheskillsandtechniquesnecessarytosustainfurtherspaceexploration。Thesecondgoalistodevelopandtestanewspacecraft,theCrewExplorationVehicle,by2008,andtoconductthefirstmannedmissionnolaterthan2014。TheCrewExplorationVehiclewillbecapableofferryingastronautsandscientiststotheSpaceStationaftertheshuttleisretired.Butthemainpurposeofthisspacecraftwillbetocarryastronautsbeyondourorbittootherworlds。ThiswillbethefirstspacecraftofitskindsincetheApolloCommandModule。Thethirdgoalistoreturntothemoonby2020,asthelaunchingpointformissionsbeyond.Beginningnolaterthan2008,theywillsendaseriesofroboticmissionstothelunarsurfacetoresearchandprepareforfuturehumanexploration.UsingtheCrewExplorationVehicle，theywillundertakeextendedhumanmissionstothemoonasearlyas2015,withthegoaloflivingandworkingthereforincreasinglyextendedperiods.Withtheexperienceandknowledgegainedonthemoon，manwillthenbereadytotakethenextstepsofspaceexploration:humanmissionstoMarsandtoworldsbeyond。Yetthehumanthirstforknowledgeultimatelycannotbesatisfiedbyeventhemostvividpictures，orthemostdetailedmeasurements。Andonlyhumanbeingsarecapableofadaptingtotheinevitableuncertaintiesposedbyspacetravel。GalaxyAnyofthesystemsofstarsandinterstellarmattermakesuptheCosmos。Manysuchassemblagesaresoenormousthattheycontainhundredsofbillionsofstars。Naturehasprovidedanimmenselyvariedarrayofgalaxies，rangingfromfaint，diffusedwarfobjectstobrilliant，spiral—shapedgiants.Virtuallyallgalaxiesappeartohavebeenformedsoonaftertheuniversebegan，andtheypervadespace,evenintothedepthsofthefarthestreachespenetratedbypowerfulmoderntelescopes.Galaxiesusuallyexistinclusters，someofwhichinturnaregroupedintolargerclustersmeasuringhundredsofmillionsoflight—yearsacross.(Alight-yearisthedistancetraversedbylightinoneyear，travelingatavelocityof300000kilometerspersecond，or650000000milesperhour.）Theseso-calledsuperclustersareseparatedbynearlyemptyvoids,causingthegrossstructureoftheuniversetolooksomewhatlikeanetworkofsheetsandchainsofgalaxies.Galaxiesdifferfromoneanotherinshape,withvariationsresultingfromthewayinwhichthesystemswereformed.Dependingontheinitialconditionsinthepregalacticgassomearsago,galaxiesformedeitherasslowlyturning，smoothlystructured,roundsystemsofstarsandgasorasrapidlyrotatingpinwheelsofsuchentities。Otherdifferencesbetweengalaxieshavebeenobservedandarethoughttoreflectevolutionarychanges.Somegalaxiesarerifewithactivity：theyarethesitesofstarformationwithitsattendantglowinggasandcloudsofdustandmolecularcomplexes.Others，bycontrast,arequiescent，havinglongagoceasedtoformnewstars。Perhapsthemostconspicuousevolutionarychangesingalaxiesoccurintheirnuclei，whereevidencesuggeststhatinmanycasessupermassiveobjects—probablyblackholes—formedwhenthegalaxieswereyoung。Suchphenomenaoccurredseveralbillionyearsagoandarenowobservedasbrilliantobjectscalledquasars。Theexistenceofgalaxieswasnotrecognizeduntiltheearly20thcentury。Sincethen,however,galaxieshavebecomeoneofthefocalpointsofastronomicalinvestigation.Thenotabledevelopmentsandachievementsinthestudyofgalaxiesaresurveyedhere.Includedinthediscussionaretheexternalgalaxies(i.e.,thoselyingoutsidetheMilkyWayGalaxy，thelocalgalaxytowhichtheSunandEarthbelong）,theirdistributioninclustersandsuperclusters,andtheevolutionofgalaxiesandquasars。ForfurtherdetailsontheMilkyWayGalaxy，seeMilkyWayGalaxy.Forspecificsaboutthecomponentsofgalaxies，seestar,nebula,andCosmos.AfuturevehicleWhilemanytechnologicaladvancesoccurinanevolutionarymanner,occasionallyarevolutionarytechnologicalappearsonthehorizonthatcreatesstartlingnewconditionsandprofoundchanges.SuchisthecasewiththeprivatelydevelopedMollerSkycar，whichisnamedafteritsinventor。TheLAMVisaverticaltake—offandlandingaircraftthatcanflyinaquick，quiet，andagilemanner。Itisanewtypeofvehiclethatcombinesthespeedofanairplaneandtheverticaltake—offcapabilityofahelicopterwithsomecharacteristicsofagroundvehicle，butwithoutthelimitationsofanyofthoseexistingmodesoftransportation.TheLAMVisnotoperatedliketraditionalfixed—orrotary-wingaircraft.Ithasonlytwohand-operatorusestod