YouAreWhatYouThinkYouAreWhatYouThinkHowdoyouunderstandthistitle?InEnglish?InChinese?Pairwork:DiscussionAreyouanoptimisticpersonorapessimisticperson?Canyougiveanexampletojustifyyourstatement?Readthearticleandthink…Howdoesthewriterbeginthearticle?Whatwouldbetheeffectifthefirstparagraphwereleftout?Whilereadingthetext,didyoureflectonyourselftodecidewhetheryouyourselfshouldbecategorizedasanoptimistorapessimist?Whattechniquesdoesthewriteremploytomakethereaderstodoso?Readthelastparagraphagain.Doyouthinkitisawell-writtenendingforthearticle?Why?Discussion:StructureofthearticleCanyouguessthesourceofthisarticle?Howmanypartscanthearticlebedividedinto?Whatdoeseachparttellus?Lookatthese…Mr/Miss“Theglassishalfempty.”Para.2:involvingincluding…asparticipant,concerning牽涉，與……有關(guān)每年都有不少交通事故與卡車有關(guān)。Therearequiteanumberofaccidentsinvolvingtruckseachyear.Para.2:inoculate1.injectvaccineinto給……注射疫苗Theparentswererequiredtoinoculatetheirchildrenagainstpolio.家長(zhǎng)們必須給孩子打小兒麻痹預(yù)防針。2.fillthemindwithopinions向……灌輸（思想）他的祖父給他灌輸了強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感。Hisgrandfatherhasinoculatedhimwithastrongsenseofduty.Part1(Para.1-2)Introducethetopicofthisarticleandtheproblemofresearch—thepowerofpositivethinking.Accordingtothepsychologists,teachingpeopletothinkmorepositivelyislikeinoculatingthemagainstmentalillssuchasdepression,loneliness,andshyness.Para.3:count1.beimportantorworthconsidering值得考慮，有重要意義重要的不是別人會(huì)對(duì)你有什么看法而是你怎樣看待自己。Whatcountsisnotwhatotherswillthinkaboutyoubuthowyoufeelaboutyourself.2.consider，regardas認(rèn)為，看作，被算作能和她結(jié)婚，他認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)幸運(yùn)的人。Hecountedhimselfaluckymantohavemarriedher.這本小說算得上杰作。Thenovelcountsasamasterpiece.Para.5:GrammarImpressed,thecompanyhired100peoplewhohadfailedthestandardindustrytestbuthadscoredhighonoptimism.Thecompanywasimpressed

bytheresearchfindings,soithired100peoplewhohadfailedthestandardindustrytestbuthadgothighmarksinoptimismtest.被老師責(zé)怪,女孩哭了起來.Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlstartedtocry.陷入沉思，她差點(diǎn)兒撞到樹上。Lostinthought,shenearlyranintoatree.Para.5:Grammar每天聽英語，你就能逐漸學(xué)好這門語言。ListeningtoEnglisheveryday,youwilllearnthelanguagewellstepbystep.If

you

listentoEnglisheveryday,youwilllearnthelanguagewellstepbystep.他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。Hesatina

chairreading

anewspaper.Para.6:credit1.honor,reputation,praise

功勞，榮譽(yù)，贊揚(yáng)Herefusedtotakecreditfortheinnovationhiscolleaguemade．他不肯以同事的革新居功。2.belief,confidence,faith信任Ihavefullcreditinyourabilitytoconvincehim．我完全相信你有能力說服他。Para.8:self-fulfillingIfyoudescribeastatementorbeliefaboutthefutureasself-fulfilling,youmeanthatwhatissaidorbelievedcomestruebecausepeopleexpectittocometrue.It'sacaseoftheself-fulfillingprophecy.Ifyouthinkagroupishostile,thenyoubehavetowardsthemasiftheywerehostileandtheyinreturnactwithhostility.Part2(Para.3-9)Illustratetheimportanceofself-confidence(oroptimism)inachievingsuccessbycomparingoptimismandpessimism.AspointedbypsychologistScheier,one’sself-confidenceisamoreimportantfactorthanone’sabilityinachievingsuccess.Onereasonwhyoptimistsaremorelikelytosucceedisthattheydealwithproblemsindifferentwaysthanpessimists.Para.10:justifyjustify:givegoodreasonsforsomethingorfordoingsomething;defendNoargumentcanjustifyawar.Ministersagreedthatthisdecisionwasfullyjustifiedbyeconomicconditions.Para.10:recur1.happenagain,berepeated再發(fā)生，重復(fù)Atthemomentweshouldonlyconcernourselveswiththoseproblemswhichrecurperiodically．目前我們應(yīng)該只關(guān)心那些定期出現(xiàn)的問題。2.(idea,etc.)comeback(思想等)重現(xiàn)Hiswordsofencouragementrecurredtomymindwheneverlwasinlowspirits．我情緒低落時(shí)總能回想起他的鼓勵(lì)。Para.12:undermine1.weakengradually暗中破壞，逐漸損壞他的新發(fā)現(xiàn)大大削弱了這個(gè)被廣泛接受的理論。Hisnewdiscoveryhasgreatlyunderminedthiswidelyacceptedtheory.

2.weakenordestroyfromthebase破壞……的基礎(chǔ)地下水破壞了房基。Thefoundationofthehousewasunderminedbygroundwater．Para.12:dodge1.vi.movesuddenlyoutofthewaytoavoid躲閃當(dāng)小孩把球朝他扔過來時(shí)，他機(jī)敏地閃開了。Hedodgedcleverlywhentheboythrewtheballathim.2.vt.avoiddoing,especiallybydeceit躲避，巧妙地逃避這男孩子企圖以裝病來逃避上學(xué)。Theboytriedtododgeschoolbypretendingtobeill.Part3(Para.10-12)Part3(Para.10–Para.12):Optimismgivespeopleamorehealthylife.[Para.10]Example:Levy’sresearch:Womenwithbreastcancerwilllivelongeriftheyareoptimistic.[Para.11]Example:Along-termstudyonHarvardGraduates.Optimismmaypreventdiseases.[Para.12]Example:Dr.ChristopherPeterson'sfindings.Thepessimistdoesn’ttakegoodcareofhimself,andthusthebody’simmunesystemisundermined.Para.13:inclinevi./vt.(causeto)havethetendency(使)傾向于，(使)有意做某事他的政治哲學(xué)傾向于保守。Hispoliticalphilosophyinclinestowardsconservative．有些人往往喜歡貿(mào)然下結(jié)論。Somepeopleareinclinedtojumptohastyconclusions.Part4(Para.13-14)Originsofoptimismandpessimism—thewaysachildisbroughtup.Althoughmanypeoplearenoteasilyclassifiedaspessimistsoroptimists,theirwayofthinkingisahabitacquiredsincechildhood.Para.15:flounder1.tostruggleawkwardly(asindeepmudorsnow)掙扎(如在泥沼或雪中)Heflounderedtowardstheshoreindarkness．他在黑暗中踉蹌著向岸邊走去。2.tospeakoractinanawkward,confusedmannerwithhesitationandfrequentmistakes錯(cuò)亂或笨拙地做事或說話，支吾Sheflounderedforamomentbeforeansweringtheawkwardquestion．她支吾了一會(huì)兒才回答那個(gè)棘手的問題。Part5(Para.15-16)Part5(Para.15–Para.16):Peoplecanbetrainedtothinkmorepositively.[Para.15]Example:Dr.CarolDweck’sworkwithflounderingschoolchildren—Changingexplanationsfortheirfailureresultedinimprovedacademicperformance.[Para.16]Example:Dr.Levy'spilotstudywithcolon-cancerpatients—Forcolon-cancerpatients,psychologicalhelptoencourageoptimismbringsabetterresultthanmedicaltreatmentalone.Para.20:keep/losetrackofkeeptrackof:Ifyoukeeptrackofasituationoraperson,youmakesurethatyouhavethenewestandmostaccurateinformationaboutthemallthetime.With11,000employees,it'sverydifficulttokeeptrackofthemall.losetrackof:Ifyoulosetrackofsomeoneorsomething,younolongerknowwheretheyareorwhatishappening.Youbecomesodeeplyabsorbedinanactivitythatyoulosetrackoftime.Para.20:holdbackIfyouholdbackorsomethingholdsyouback,youhesitatebeforeyoudosomethingbecauseyouarenotsurewhetheritistherightthingtodo.他有幾個(gè)原因退縮。Hehadseveralreasonsforholdingback.Part6(Para.17-20)Part6(Para.17–Para.20):SuggestionsforbreakingthehabitofthinkingpessimisticallyPsychologistSteveHollonsuggestedwetrytobreakthebadhabitinthreepracticalsteps:1.Monitorone'sthoughtwhenbadthingshappen.2.Dosomethingcontrarytonegativereactions.3.Keeptrackoftheresults.Part7(Para.21)Conclusion：Basedonthestudiesconductedsofar,wecandrawtheconclusionthatoneislikelytogetwhatheexpectsfromtheworld(i.e.apersonoftenturnsoutwhathethinksheis).Exercise:TextSummaryPairwork:Trytousenomorethan100wordstosummarizetheideasofthisarticle.Content:Complete(keywords)Language:ConciseTextSummaryCitingtheresultsofnumerousstudiesandquotinganumberofpsychologists,theauthorofthisarticleshowstheimportanceofpositivethinking.[Part1,thetopic]Wearemorelikelytosucceed

inworkandenjoybetterhealthifweadoptanoptimisticattitudetowardslife,includingitschallengesandblows.[Part2&3]Whe