2023年考研考博考博英語中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas"Yoursorrowswillchange".問題1選項(xiàng)A.literalB.ambiguousC.invalidD.philosophical2.單選題TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe（

）ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.問題1選項(xiàng)A.foundationB.junctureC.institutionD.cessation3.單選題Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.問題2選項(xiàng)A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarfB.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyearsC.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightnessD.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears問題3選項(xiàng)A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.問題5選項(xiàng)A.AlarmedB.PessimisticC.ComicD.Objective4.單選題Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemploymentB.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskillsC.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployersD.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped問題2選項(xiàng)A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofserviceB.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkersC.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromotedD.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers問題3選項(xiàng)A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretimeB.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivityC.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkersD.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations問題4選項(xiàng)A.AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofautomationB.LaborandtheeffectsofautomationC.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.D.Socialbenefitsofautomation5.單選題Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.問題1選項(xiàng)A.intimacyB.incrementC.immortalityD.incidence6.單選題Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.問題1選項(xiàng)A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate7.單選題Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.問題1選項(xiàng)A.heredityB.heirC.heritageD.supplement8.單選題Wedon't（

）anydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinourbudget.問題1選項(xiàng)A.foreseeB.fabricateC.inferD.inhibit9.單選題Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.問題1選項(xiàng)A.formallyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.willfully10.單選題TheBrownslivedina（

）andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.問題1選項(xiàng)A.confessB.sufficientC.wideD.wretched11.單選題The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.問題1選項(xiàng)A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause12.單選題Afteryou’vestartedtomasterthetechniques,therealstruggleisjustbeginning.It’s（

）thatmakesyougreat.問題1選項(xiàng)A.persistenceB.insistenceC.continuationD.mentality13.單選題Wehavejustlocateda（

）avenueforthesaleofyourgoods.問題1選項(xiàng)A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective14.單選題Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone’slifeonthebattlefieldis（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous15.單選題Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.informedB.appeasedC.provokedD.deceived16.單選題EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.（1）theproblemsthatmeeting（2）hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment（3）tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute---hasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand（4）reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas（5）

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits（6）IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe（7）forconflictandamajorbarrierto（8）theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.“It’softenbeensaidthatwater（9）oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime（10）thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople（11）bywatershortageswillincreaseten（12）overthenext30years,itsays,（13）couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga（14）resourceisagriculture,whichnow（15）

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome（16）countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe（17）markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which（18）

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity（19）

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis（20）tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”問題1選項(xiàng)A.ButB.SoC.AndD.For問題2選項(xiàng)A.overcomeB.highlightedC.motivatedD.confronted問題3選項(xiàng)A.thoughtfulB.thoughtC.thinkingD.think問題4選項(xiàng)A.thoseB.whoseC.itsD.their問題5選項(xiàng)A.decreasedB.increasedC.expandedD.dwindled問題6選項(xiàng)A.initialsB.capitalsC.beginningsD.letters問題7選項(xiàng)A.triggerB.effectC.initiationD.consequence問題8選項(xiàng)A.feedB.raiseC.feedingD.raising問題9選項(xiàng)A.insteadofB.inresponsetoC.inplaceofD.ratherthan問題10選項(xiàng)A.whichB.howC.whyD.when問題11選項(xiàng)A.affectingB.affectedC.isaffectedD.isaffecting問題12選項(xiàng)A.doubleB.multipleC.foldD.time問題13選項(xiàng)A.whatB.howC.whichD.that問題14選項(xiàng)A.naturalB.scarceC.plentifulD.dormant問題15選項(xiàng)A.accountsforB.runsforC.speaksforD.countsfor問題16選項(xiàng)A.developedB.developingC.advancedD.industrialized問題17選項(xiàng)A.homeB.exportC.exchangeD.foreign問題18選項(xiàng)A.remarkablyB.formidablyC.inevitablyD.consumedly問題19選項(xiàng)A.thoughB.soC.howeverD.also問題20選項(xiàng)A.assessedB.appraisedC.ratedD.estimated17.單選題TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheAleutsweresecretlyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadwrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing（

）.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantreasonfortheAleuts’devotiontotheirlanguage?3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthe“threelanguages”mentionedattheendofParagraphTwo?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereligiousbeliefsoftheAleutscanbeinferredfromthepassage?5.WhichlanguagewasneededwiththeRussianOrthodoxChurch?6.Thepassageshowsthatitissometimesdifficulttoidentifythedifferencesbetween（

）.

7.Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyby（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Americangovernment’sattemptstopersuadetheAleutstouseEnglishasasecondlanguage.B.theAleut’sloyaltytotheirlanguageandtheAmericans’failuretounderstandit.C.howtheRussianoccupationofAlaskacreatedawrittenlanguagefortheAleuts.D.thetreatmentofAlaskaninhabitantsbyRussianandtheU.S.beforeandafter1867.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Theinventionofawrittenversionoftheirlanguage.B.Thedestructionoftheiroraltransmissionoftribalknowledge.C.TheintroductionofOldSlavonicorworship.D.TheirdevotiontotheRussianOrthodoxChurch.問題3選項(xiàng)A.RussianB.OldSlavonicC.TheAleuttongueD.Thelanguagetaughtatschoolsince1867.問題4選項(xiàng)A.PriortotheRussianoccupationtheyhadnoreligiousbeliefs.B.Americantradersandadventuresforcedthemtoabandonallreligiousbeliefs.C.AtnotimeintheirhistoryhavetheAleutshadanorganizedreligion.D.TheRussiansforcedAleutstobecomemembersoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch問題5選項(xiàng)A.EnglishB.CyrillicC.AleutD.Slavonic問題6選項(xiàng)A.RussianandAleut.B.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.C.RussiancolonialrulesandtheAmericanregulations.D.theAmericansandAleutsintermsofreligiousbeliefs.問題7選項(xiàng)A.testingtheevidencesupportingatheoryB.weighingtheprosandconsofaplanC.debatingaboutamoralissueD.describingcausesandeffectsofevents18.單選題Therainwassoheavythatthemanwaswettotheskin;hiswholebodywas（

）andtrembling.問題1選項(xiàng)A.stiffB.straightC.steadyD.hard19.單選題Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）Europeans’privatelives.Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife."1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualismB.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierageC.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstabilityD.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture問題2選項(xiàng)A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.問題3選項(xiàng)A.warmandlightheartedB.oneithersideofmarriageC.negativeandgloomyD.healthyandwealthy問題4選項(xiàng)A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedomB.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEuropeC.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonelyD.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable問題5選項(xiàng)A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.20.單選題Someoftheseonlineservicesarefree,whileothers（

）acharge.問題1選項(xiàng)A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】形容詞辨析題。literal“文字的，逐字的，無夸張的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的，引起歧義的”；invalid“無效的，有病的，殘廢的”；philosophical“哲學(xué)的”。由空格后“Yoursorrowswillchange”確定本句句意是‘算命者擅長做如“你的悲傷將改變”等模糊不清的聲明。’B選項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。foundation“基礎(chǔ)，地基，創(chuàng)立”；juncture“接縫，接合”；institution“制度，建立，（社會(huì)或宗教等）公共機(jī)構(gòu)”；cessation“停止，中止”。根據(jù)句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither雖然它不是愚蠢的情景喜劇，但它也不是記錄片?！笨芍崭裉幍木湟馐恰娨曅侣勲s志正好位于信息與娛樂的結(jié)合處，’B選項(xiàng)的“結(jié)合”正確。3.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:C第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話是文章的中心句，提到“通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家可以預(yù)測太陽系其他部分的樣子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出太陽……”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個(gè)黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個(gè)巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時(shí)，太陽會(huì)繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個(gè)白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時(shí)間差不多是太陽生命的一半，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“當(dāng)太陽變成紅色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會(huì)很熱，生命無法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于太陽發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段，下列哪個(gè)是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個(gè)黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個(gè)巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時(shí)，太陽會(huì)繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個(gè)白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非?？陀^的態(tài)度來描述天文學(xué)家對太陽發(fā)展的預(yù)測，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。Alarmed“擔(dān)憂的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客觀的”。4.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:A第4題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘盡管工人們擔(dān)心自動(dòng)化的影響，但他們從不懷疑……？’根據(jù)第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.勞工基本上的觀點(diǎn)是抵抗技術(shù)變革是徒然的”確定D選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化是一種不能被阻止的趨勢”正確。2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根據(jù)第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一種方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生產(chǎn)力的基礎(chǔ)上增加工資。”確定B選項(xiàng)“工人應(yīng)該共享生產(chǎn)增加和成本降低的福利”正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘為了獲得自動(dòng)化的全部好處，勞動(dòng)力將主要依靠……？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，勞動(dòng)力有可能主要依靠減少工作時(shí)間來充分分享自動(dòng)化的成果?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“更短的工作時(shí)間和更多的休閑吋間”正確。4.主旨大意題。全文主要是講“自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展對勞工在工作與就業(yè)等方而帶來的影響”，所以B選項(xiàng)“勞工與自動(dòng)化的影響”正確。文章并沒有對自動(dòng)化的劣勢展開討論，所以A選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化的優(yōu)勢與劣勢”錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)福利計(jì)劃和自動(dòng)化”和D選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化的社會(huì)效益”只是文中提及的一部分內(nèi)容，排除。5.【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。intimacy“親密，親昵行為，隱私”；increment“增量，增加”；immortality“不朽，不滅”；incidence“發(fā)生率，影響”。由句子中“thecity'spopulation該市人口”確定B選項(xiàng)“增加”符合句意，正確。6.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preside“管理；主持（常與over搭配）”；B選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹；引進(jìn)；提出”；C選項(xiàng)chair“擔(dān)任主席；主持；使……入座”；D選項(xiàng)dominate“控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢”。句意：由于經(jīng)理出差去了，我被邀請……每周員工會(huì)議。此處應(yīng)表示“主持會(huì)議”，A選項(xiàng)preside應(yīng)與over搭配才表示“主持”，只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。7.【答案】A【解析】名詞辨析題。heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”；heir“繼承人，后嗣”；heritage“遺產(chǎn)，傳統(tǒng)，繼承權(quán)”；supplement“補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)充物，附錄”。根據(jù)句意‘我的第二個(gè)聲稱關(guān)于個(gè)人差異。由于（

）、環(huán)境及它們之間的相互作用，我們中沒有兩個(gè)人以恰好同樣的比例顯示同樣的智力?！_定A選項(xiàng)heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”的正確。8.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)foresee“預(yù)見；預(yù)知”；B選項(xiàng)fabricate“制造；偽造；裝配”；C選項(xiàng)infer“推斷；推論”；D選項(xiàng)inhibit“抑制；禁止”。句意：只要我們不超出預(yù)算，我們就無法……完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目就沒有什么困難。完成項(xiàng)目的困難在于預(yù)算不夠，不超預(yù)算則不應(yīng)有困難，也就是現(xiàn)在“看不到有什么困難”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】C【解析】副詞辨析題。formally“正式地，形式上”；publicly“公然地，以公眾名義”；spontaneously“自發(fā)地，不由自主地”；willfully“故意地，任性固執(zhí)地”。根句意‘我們很難區(qū)分有頌袖氣質(zhì)是人（

）做出的事情還是那些為了做樣子而故意策劃出事情。’可知空格處所填詞要跟“carefullycontrivedforeffect為了做樣子而故意策劃”對應(yīng)，所以C選項(xiàng)“自發(fā)地”正確。10.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊區(qū)寬敞而且設(shè)施齊全的房子里。Confess“懺悔”，動(dòng)詞；sufficient“足夠的”；wide“寬敞的”；wretched“可憐的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。11.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源；出身；開端”；B選項(xiàng)generation“一代；產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)descent“下降；血統(tǒng)；襲擊”；D選項(xiàng)cause“原因；事業(yè)；目標(biāo)”。句意：這個(gè)詞的……未知，但肯定不是來自希臘語。后半句有一個(gè)詞“from來自”，說明前半句是追究“詞源”，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。12.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你開始掌握技術(shù)后，真正的斗爭才開始。讓你變得偉大的是堅(jiān)持。persistence“堅(jiān)持不懈”；insistence“堅(jiān)持，強(qiáng)調(diào)”；continuation“繼續(xù)”；mentality“心態(tài)”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。13.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來的；可能的；潛在的”；B選項(xiàng)perspective“透視的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；D選項(xiàng)protective“防護(hù)的；關(guān)切保護(hù)的；保護(hù)貿(mào)易的”。句意：我們剛剛為銷售你方貨物找到了一條……的路。聯(lián)系句意及選項(xiàng)可知，此處應(yīng)表示“找到了一條可能的銷售渠道”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。14.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很多年輕人認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭是愚蠢且沒有必要的。對于他們來說，在戰(zhàn)場上丟掉性命是徒勞的。glorious“光榮的”；futile“無用的”；heroic“英雄的”；courageous“有勇氣的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。15.【答案】C【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。inform“通知，告訴”；appease“安撫，緩和，對...讓步”；provoke“激怒，使惱怒，煽動(dòng)”；deceive“欺騙”；根據(jù)句意‘有關(guān)傾倒在小區(qū)的有毒廢物的駭人真相（

）了很多社區(qū)成員?！_定C選項(xiàng)正確。16.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:A第4題:C第5題:B第6題:A第7題:A第8題:B第9題:A第10題:D第11題:B第12題:C第13題:A第14題:B第15題:B第16題:B第17題:A第18題:D第19題:D第20題:D【解析】（1）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞，句意：自從五年前在巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行的地球峰會(huì)以來，環(huán)境問題在政治上一直處于次要地位，而且遇到的問題并沒有克服。表示句意順承用and。（2）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘克服，解決’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘是突出，顯著’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘激發(fā)……的積極性’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘面對，面臨’。句意：而且遇到的問題并沒有克服。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。（3）根據(jù)空格后的名詞tank確定這里需要填寫一個(gè)形容詞，只有A選項(xiàng)是形容詞，所以A正確。（4）根據(jù)空格后的動(dòng)詞reflects用的是三單形式，確定主語是單數(shù)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。（5）句意：在世界上的一些地方，用水量已經(jīng)增長了五倍。A選項(xiàng)意思是‘減少’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘增加’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘?dāng)U大’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘縮減’。B選項(xiàng)正確。（6）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘英文縮寫’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘大寫字母’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘開始’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘字母’。句意：這個(gè)因?yàn)樗目s寫IFPKE而聞名的機(jī)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)正確。（7）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘觸發(fā)器’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘影響’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘啟蒙’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘結(jié)果’。句意：短缺可能很快會(huì)觸發(fā)沖突，A選項(xiàng)正確。（8）feed意思是‘喂養(yǎng)’，raise意思是‘提高’，to表目的，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，排除CD選項(xiàng)。句意：也是阻礙世界人口增長的主要障礙，B選項(xiàng)正確。（9）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替，而不是’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘響應(yīng)’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替’，通常與be動(dòng)詞搭配使用，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘而不是’，通常不做主語。句意：人們常說水將代替石油將成為下個(gè)世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)爭的原因。A選項(xiàng)正確。（10）定語從句，不缺成分，表示時(shí)間用when。（11）空格后面有動(dòng)詞willincrease，所以空格里的詞不能充當(dāng)謂語，根據(jù)句意‘被水資源短缺影響的人’，表示被動(dòng)，用過去分詞，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。（12）十倍，tentimes/fold/multiple，C選項(xiàng)正確。（13）非限制性定語從句。用which引導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)正確（14）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘自然的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘稀有的，缺乏的’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘豐富的’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘休眠的，靜止的’。句意：水成為一種稀缺的資源的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)正確。（15）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘占……比例’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘運(yùn)行’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘說明’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘計(jì)數(shù)’。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)用水占比全世界70%的水。B選項(xiàng)正確。（16）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的，發(fā)達(dá)的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘發(fā)展中的’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的，發(fā)達(dá)的’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘工業(yè)化的’。句意：尤其是發(fā)展中國家。B選項(xiàng)正確。（17）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘家，本地的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘出口’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘交換，交易所’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘外國的’。句意：無數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種，A選項(xiàng)正確。（18）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘顯著地，非常地’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘可怕地，強(qiáng)大地’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘不可避免地，必然地’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘格外地，大大地’。句意：無數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種，這需要格外多的水。D選項(xiàng)正確。（19）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞，句意：在一些地區(qū)，水資源短缺現(xiàn)在是養(yǎng)活人口的最大障礙。缺水還會(huì)導(dǎo)致水污染。Also表示‘也，還’，符合題意。（20）A,B,C選項(xiàng)都表示‘評估’的意思,只有D選項(xiàng)是‘預(yù)估’的意思，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。17.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:D第5題:D第6題:A第7題:D【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要描述的是俄國統(tǒng)治時(shí)期和1867年美國管理阿拉斯加后，阿留申人的遭遇，其內(nèi)容是從語言方面展開的。A選項(xiàng)“美國政府試圖說服阿留申人把英語作為第二語言”只表達(dá)了美國管理阿拉斯加的一個(gè)方面；B選項(xiàng)“阿留申人忠于自己的語言，而美國人卻不懂”前半句符合文意，但后半句在本文中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“俄羅斯占領(lǐng)阿拉斯加為阿留申人創(chuàng)造了一種書面語言”也只表述了俄羅斯統(tǒng)治阿拉斯加的這一部分內(nèi)容；D選項(xiàng)“美國和俄國在1867年前后對待阿拉斯加居民的方式”概括了本文內(nèi)容，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。2.判斷推理題。本題需要找出阿留申人熱愛自己語言的原因。本文第一段最后兩句提到“Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.（俄國）對大部分成年阿留申人的屠殺導(dǎo)致依靠口口相傳的部落只是的消失。因此，阿留申人把他們的語言視作唯一的文化遺產(chǎn)，且十分熱愛自己的語言。”因此B選項(xiàng)“他們口頭傳播的部落知識(shí)被破壞”符合文意。3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由排除法可知，第二句中提到了Russian俄語和OldSlavonic古斯拉夫語，第三句提到了1867年后學(xué)校里教授的English，因此唯一沒有提到的是C選項(xiàng)“阿留申語”。4.判斷推理題。題干關(guān)鍵詞thereligiousbelief“宗教信仰”并未直接出現(xiàn)在本文中，但仔細(xì)瀏覽可發(fā)現(xiàn)與宗教相關(guān)詞匯。第二段中提到“theyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue他們必須學(xué)習(xí)古斯拉夫語，積極參加教會(huì)活動(dòng)，并掌握讀寫他們自己的語言的技能”，這里說的教會(huì)必然與俄羅斯相關(guān)。且第三段第一句就說到“TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy對俄國東正教會(huì)的信徒來說，斯拉夫語的知識(shí)仍然是至關(guān)重要的，同樣重要的還有與神職人員交談時(shí)使用的俄語”，由此可推知當(dāng)時(shí)阿留申人在被俄國統(tǒng)治時(shí)，是被俄羅斯人強(qiáng)制要求成為俄國東正教教徒的。D選項(xiàng)“俄國人強(qiáng)迫阿留申成為俄國東正教的成員”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在俄國占領(lǐng)之前，他們沒有宗教信仰”在本文未提及之前是否有宗教信仰；B選項(xiàng)“美國商人和冒險(xiǎn)家迫使他們放棄所有的宗教信仰”同樣也沒有在文章中直接提及；C選項(xiàng)“阿留申人在歷史上從未有過一個(gè)有組織的宗教”與上述文意相悖，明顯曾在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，阿留申人是俄國東正教教徒的。5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。接上題分析，第二段與第三段中均提到，在俄國東正教中，需要使用斯拉夫語。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。6.判斷推理題。本體需要找的是兩個(gè)同類相似事物間的比較。文章最后一段第二句說到“ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.俄語和阿留申語表面上按字母順序相似，卻把這兩種語言聯(lián)系得如此緊密，以至于任何對俄語教學(xué)的限制都被理解為試圖根除阿留申語?！币虼讼嗨频氖嵌砹_斯語和阿留申語。A選項(xiàng)正確。7.主旨大意題。本題偏向文章結(jié)構(gòu)，需要找出作者的寫作思路或文章線索。在第一題的分析中就提到，本文主要講述俄國和美國統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，阿拉斯加的阿留申人的遭遇，其中主要講述了語言方面的發(fā)展歷程，在這個(gè)過程中阿留申人變得熱愛自己的語言。因此也就是描述不同統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的政策及其結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)“描述事件的原因和結(jié)果”符合題意。18.【答案】A【解析