五大基本句型

Whatmakesasentence?Sentenceelements謂語(v)定語(Attr)主語

(s)

賓語

(IO,DO)

狀語

(Ad)

賓補(OC)主語謂語Vtlink-VVi賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)Revision表語

(P)1)主語（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.

句子的主體，全句述說的對象，位于句首。一般由充當。2)謂語（predicate）說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。由充當。常置于主語后。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.名詞,動詞不定式、代詞、名詞短語等動詞3)賓語（object）4)表語（predicative）Hewonthegame.Onthedesk句子中動作的承受者。由n.adj.或相當于n.的詞組充當。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.Heisastudent.用以表述主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由n.或adj.充當。置于系動詞之后。5)賓補（objectivecomplement）補充說明賓語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等充當。Theymadehimlaugh.?

?Iseeyouplaybasketballalmosteveryday.?

?6)定語（attributive）對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。Theblackbikeismine.()7)狀語（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首，一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時間狀語)

Point1

簡單句的五種基本類型

（fivebasicsentencepatterns)

Heruns.2.Peoplemakehistory.3.Knowledgeispower.

4.Hegavemeabook.5.WecallherLily.主+謂(Ｓ+V)主+謂+賓(S+V+O)主+謂+間賓+直賓(S+V+IO+DO)主+系+表(S+link-V+P)主+謂+賓+賓補(S+V+O+OC)

基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋謂)主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式等充當Pridegoesbeforeafall.

Whoisspeaking,please?

Skatingisgoodexercise.

Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork.

Two-thirdsoftheworkersarewomen.

Whetherwe'llgodependsontheweather

動詞前！謂語說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征只有動詞才可以充當謂語。

Somechildrenaskedforcolddrinks.

I

shallgotoseehimtomorrow.

Imustaskhertoteachmetoswim

Imadeyourbirthdaycakelastnight.Whatdoesthiswordmean?

Iwon’tdoitagain.

Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物動詞)1.Thesun│rose.2.Who│cares?3.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.4.They│talkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepen│writessmoothly共同特點:

謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。ＳＶ1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.They10.Heflies.rose.cooked.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayhavegoneisplaying

基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）共同特點：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語句子中動作的承受者，跟在及物動詞之后，能作賓語的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動詞不定式等

Showyourpassport,please.

Hedidn'tsayanything.

Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.

Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.

Theyaskedtoseemypassport.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?

動詞后?。樱郑▽嵙x動詞）Ｏ(賓語)1.Who

2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."基本句型三Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）共同特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,

等等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等

表語是謂語的一部分，它位于系動詞如be之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)Africaisabigcontinent.

Thatremainsapuzzletome.

What’syourfaxnumber?

Ifeelmuchbettertoday.

Herjobissellingcomputers.

Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready.

Thepatientisoutofdanger.

Thisiswhathesaid.

連系動詞后！ＳLink-Ｖ（系動詞）Ｐ(表語)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmellsfelllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.Pleasegivemethebook.=Pleasegivethebooktome.give++=give++to+

directobject

直接賓語indirectobject

間接賓語

bring,give,lend,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,find,sing等。常跟雙賓語的動詞：主謂間賓直賓

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。ＳＶ（及物）IO（多指人）DＯ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

make/laugh

make/headmasterThemanmakesthegirllaugh.Theymadethemanheadmaster.

make/smallerhelp/findinformationTheInternetmakestheworldsmaller.Italsohelpsustofindinformationmuchfaster.主謂賓賓補－————－——————————————－————————－————

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）共同特點:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。賓語補足語:

位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分?？梢杂米髻e語補足語的有名詞,形容詞,不定式,動名詞,分詞,介詞短語等。賓語補足語，就是補充說明賓語的

Iconsiderhimagentleman.

Washyourhandsclean.

Ifoundhimout.

Theyleftmewait.

Iheardmynamecalled.

Ithoughthimtobeagoodman.

Makeyourselfathome.

Hiswifehasmadehimwhatheis.

ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語）OC（賓補）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw

thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem

clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

簡單句的六種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Thesunrises.2.Idon’tlikebasketball.3.Dannyistired.4.Shetellsmejokes.5.Ihelpedherbrushherteeth.主語+謂語（不及物動詞）主語+謂語+賓語主語+系動詞+表語主語+謂語

+間接賓語(人）+直接賓語（物）主語+謂語+賓語+賓補_______________________________________________________________________6.Thereisarivernearmyhome.Therebe+S(一)挑出下列句中的賓語①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(二)挑出下列句中的表語--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.(四)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.1.Theyworkhard.

主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.

主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.

主+謂+賓4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.

主+謂+間賓+直賓5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.

主+謂+賓+賓補6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.

主+謂練習:判斷下面的句子是哪種句型Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.主+謂Thisfoodlooksinviting.主+系+表3.Theykepttheirmarriagea secret.主+謂+賓+賓補5.Thepalaceswerelargeandbeautiful.主+系+表6.Horse-riding,hammerthrowandshootingaresomeofthemoreunusualevents.主+系+表8.Iwillpickuprubbishfromtheground.主+謂+賓9.Youcanplantatreeorbuildabirdhouse.主+謂+賓10.Iwilltellmyfriendstoprotecttheenvironment.主+謂+賓+賓補Hefeelsdisappointed.Iloveoperas.Shealwaystellsmejokes.Thechildrencriedandshoutedeveryday.Thesmilingfacesofhischildrenmadehimhappyagain.Sheisquietandshy.Myfatherboughtmeausefuldictionary.Mrs.VonTrappdied.Shetaughtthechildrentosinglivelysongsandperformshortandfunnyplaystocheerthemup.Youmaybecomeunhappysometimes.Findoutthestructuresofthefollowingsentences.S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+O+OCS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+VS+V+O+OCS+V+IO+DOS+V+P_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.

S+VA53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.S+V

+O

AccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministry'sstatementsaid.

s+link-v+p

FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.

這個定理，先是由十七世紀法國數(shù)學家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學大師為難，包括一位法國女科學家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學院學習。

簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個定語從句。S+v+o實際應用I

Hesentmeane-mail,____togetfurtherinformation.

A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope實際應用I

_____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A.SleepB.SleepingC.TosleepD.Havingslept實際應用I

_____atthedoorbeforeentering,please.

A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock

實際應用I

_____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.

A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive實際應用IThemanager,____hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.

A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknown實際應用I7.Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely_____thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest實際應用I

Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing實際應用ITheflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smellD.tobesmelt實際應用I–Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasn’tit?--Yes,_____morewordsandexpressionsandyou’llfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.

A.KnowB.KnowingC.Tok