人教新課標(biāo)必修8

Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Languagepoints1.WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephone,shewasveryupset.callup打電話，使…回憶起今晚我會給你打電話。__________________________I’llcallyouuptonight.老相片引起了我對童年的回憶。_____________________________Theoldphotocallsupmemoriesofmychildhood.callbackcallforcallincalloncallat召喚某人回來；再訪；回電話需要，要求，接（人或物）邀請；請來拜訪（人）拜訪（某地）Ex.----CanIdothejob?----I’mafraidnot,becauseit______skillandpatience.callsonB.callsoutC.callsupD.callsforD2.nowandthen時而；不時=sometimes,butnotoften我偶爾看見他，但不常見。_______________________________我有時喜歡去看歌劇。_____________________________Iseehimnowandthen,butnotoften.Iliketogototheoperanowandthen.fromtimetotime(every)nowandagainfromnowonjustnowsincethen相關(guān)短語：有時；不時時而；不時從現(xiàn)在開始，今后剛才從那時以來3.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.distinguishvt.&vi.(1)辨別；辨認(rèn)從遠處我能認(rèn)出他們。___________________________Icandistinguishthematadistance.(2)（常與from,between連用）區(qū)別；區(qū)分你能區(qū)分那兩個物體嗎？________________________________應(yīng)當(dāng)教育孩子分辨好壞。Childrenshouldbetaughtto__________________Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwoobjects?distinguishrightfromwrong(3)(常與from連用)使別于；有…特點語言把人和動物區(qū)別開來。Speech________________________________象因為有長鼻子而有別于其他動物。Elephants_________________bytheirlongtrunks.distinguishesmenfromanimalsaredistinguished(4)distinguishoneself顯揚自己；使自己揚名這個人因智慧而揚名。Theman________________________________.distinguishhimselfbyhiswisdombedistinguishedfromdistinguish…from…bedistinguishedbybedistinguishedfor不同于…與…加以區(qū)別辨別，把…和…區(qū)別開以…為特征因…而著稱distinguishedadj.distinguishingadj.distinguishableadj.著名的，出名的有區(qū)別的可區(qū)別的4.Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.setabout=setout:tobeginorstart著手；開始他一到那兒就著手解決問題。He__________________________assoonashearrivedthere.=He________________________assoonashearrivedthere.setaboutsolvingtheproblemsetouttosolvetheproblemsetout的另一個意思為“動身”，“出發(fā)”，后面長跟介詞for他們以出發(fā)到上海去了。_____________________________________.Theyhavesetout(=setoff)forShanghaisetoutsetouttodosth.setoffsetasidesetdownsetup出發(fā)，起程開始做某事出發(fā)，動身留出，對…不予考慮記下，寫下設(shè)置，造成，產(chǎn)生5.…,whichfreezeshardwhencooled.…,（果凍）被冷卻后會變硬。whencooled為whenitiscooled的省略結(jié)構(gòu)when/while/once/unless/if等連詞所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的主語與主句主語相一致，且從句中含有系動詞be時，從句中的主語和系動詞be可省略，形成“連詞+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。1._________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared2._____moretime,wearesuretofinishit.A.GivenB.GivingC.BegivenD.IfgivingDA6.Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.abruptlyadv.突然地，唐突地abruptadj.突然的；意外的

Ex.這路有很多急轉(zhuǎn)彎。Theroadisfullof________________.這會議突然結(jié)束了。Themeetingcameto______________.我們的討論突然給縮短了。Ourdiscussionwas____________curtailed.abruptturnsanabruptendabruptlyconvenientadj.便利的，方便的beconvenienttosb.itisconvenientforsb.itisconvenienttodosth.對某人方便對某人方便做某事方便三點鐘對你方便嗎？________________________________Will3o’clockbeconvenientforyou?我想這個時候見你恐怕不大合適。I’mafraidthisisn’ta___________________toseeyou.convenientmomentComeandseemewhenever________________.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.ItisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyouCIfitisquite______toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortableA7.Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.Butmonitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotroubleandallwentaccordingtoplan.這是因為我們預(yù)料蛇會再咬人。但是經(jīng)過仔細監(jiān)視，證明這些蛇是制造不了麻煩的，一切都按計劃進行著。Expectation:預(yù)料；期待。例如：firmbeliefthatsthwillhappenThere’snoexpectationofsnowtonight.今晚預(yù)計無雪。句中的that從句是一個同位語從句，作expectation的同位語。monitor(vt.)（1）tocheckbymeansofanelectronicreceiverforsignificantcontents,suchasmilitary,political,orillegalactivity利用監(jiān)聽器或監(jiān)視器來監(jiān)聽，收聽，收視重要內(nèi)容，如有關(guān)軍事，政治或非法活動的內(nèi)容。例如：Theyhavebeenmonitoringtheenemy’sradiobroadcaststotrytofindouttheirsecretplans.他們一直在監(jiān)聽地方的電臺廣播，設(shè)法查探他們的秘密計劃。（2）tokeepclosewatchover;supervise密切監(jiān)視；監(jiān)督。例如：Theteacherismonitoringanexamination.老師正在監(jiān)考。prove(vt.)showthatsthistrueorcertainbymeansofargumentorevidence證明；證實。例如：Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattles.他已在戰(zhàn)斗證明了自己的勇氣。Factsprovethatthecreativepowerofpeopleknowsnolimits.事實證明人民的創(chuàng)造是無窮的。(vi)beseenorfoundtobe;turnouttobe原來（是）；證明（是）。例如：Themethod/drugproved(tobe)highlyeffective.這個方法/這種藥被證明是非常有效的。Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我的意見被證實是錯的。8.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到這種承認(rèn)，你才可以說是一個真正的發(fā)明家。only

修飾狀語，至于句首，主句的語序需要倒裝。此句如改成正常語序應(yīng)是：Youcansaythatyouaretrulyaninventoronlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognition.又如：Onlybyworkinghardcanwepasstheexams.某些否定詞至于句首，表示強調(diào)時也會引起倒裝。如：never,seldom,hardly,neither,nor,not,only,little等。如課文中令一句：Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse’s.又如：NeverhaveIseensuchanexcitingfilm.LittledidIknowwhatwasabouttohappen.9.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常嚴(yán)格，除非新的想法真的是新穎的，否則很難被接受。這里that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。主句和從句是原因與結(jié)果的關(guān)系，譯作“因此”。例如：

Shespokesofastthatfewofuscouldfollowher.講話太快，我們很少有人能聽得懂。novel

在此處是形容詞，意思是“新的；新穎的；新奇的”。其名詞形式是novelty。Heisapersonwhoalwayshasnovelideas.他經(jīng)常會有新奇的想法。LanguagepointsforreadingII1.Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismostfamoussayingwas:”Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddiveintothewoods.Everytimeyoudoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.Allreallybigdiscoveriesaretheresultofthought.”他認(rèn)為一個人應(yīng)當(dāng)具有好奇心，他最著名的一句話是：“偶爾離開平路去尋求困境。當(dāng)你這么做的時候，你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見過的東西。跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。所有真正偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)都是思考的結(jié)果。”beatentrack

踏平的路；一貫的路；慣例。如：Wefollowedawell-beatentrackthroughtheforest.我們沿著一條人們他出來的路穿過森林。dive(vt)togoheadfirstintowater潛入；跳水。例如：Hedivedintotheriverandrescuedthedrowningchild.他跳到水中，救起那快要溺死的小孩。tomovequicklyinaspecifieddirection撲去；沖去。例如：

whentherainstarted,wedivedintoacafé.雨下了起來，我們立即跑進一家小餐館。woods原指“森林”，在這里有“險境，困境”的意思。outofthewoods表示“脫離麻煩或困難”。如：Thesituationisimproving,butwearenotoutofthewoodsyet.情況正在改善，但我們還沒有擺脫困境。2.Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody’slife.

雖然人們常把他和發(fā)明電話聯(lián)系起來，但是他的確是一名永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。

associatewith

把…和…聯(lián)系起來；和…來往。如：

InourmindstheSpringFestivalisassociatedwithhappyfamilyreunions.在我們心中，春節(jié)是和愉快的家庭團聚聯(lián)系在一起的。

Herparentsdidn’tlikeherassociatingwithnetfriends.她的父母不喜歡她和網(wǎng)友來往。句中的continuing是動詞-ing形式，在這里作定語用。如：Thisisaverypressingpr