lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)GREECE2lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)TasksofGreekmythologyhowworldcameintobeingwhothevariousgodsareandwhatpowerstheycontrolhowthegodsaffecttheworldandmenWhattheloveaffairstheyhaveHerosagademigodMortal

3lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)OrpheusPerseusHeraclesI.II.III.Greekheroes

Lecture64lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)I.Perseus5lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)1.BirthofPerseus

daughterofAcrisius,KingofArgos

oracleonedaykilledbyhisdaughter'sson

Danae

imprisonedherinabronzechamberopentothesky

Fate

Perseus’mother6lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Zeuscametoherintheformofashowerofgold,andimpregnatedherbutZeusDanaePerseus

AcrisiusSo,divineparentage;semi-god7lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)shutDanaeandbabyPerseusupinalargechest&castthemouttosea.

TheywashedashoreontheislandofSeriphos,wheretheyweretakeninbyDictys,whoraisedPerseustomanhood.KingPolydectes,brotherofDictys,wantedDanaetomarryhim,butPerseuswastheretoprotecther.TryingtogetridofhimbydemandingGorgonMedusa’sheadbeingabandonedGrowingupchallenging8lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)TheGorgonsThreesnake-hairedmonstersscalyskindragon'swingshairformedofdozensofcoilingsnakesMedusaismostwell-knownTheirlookturnsmentostone.2.PerseusandMedusa9lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)WhoisMedusa?

10lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ProudofherbeautyBoastedskinwasmorebeautifulthanfreshfallensnow

hairglowedbrighterthanthesun

eyesweregreenerthantheAegeanSea

1stversion11lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)“My,thisisabeautifultemple.ItisashameitwaswastedonAthenaforIamsomuchprettierthansheis–perhapssomedaypeoplewillbuildanevengrandertempletomybeauty.

OffendingAthena

1stversion12lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Poseidonandmedusa

beautifulwithmagnificentlonghair

manysuitorsPoseidonsawherinthetempleofAthenaandrapedherthere.

OffendingAthena

outragedathersacredtemplebeingviolated

2ndversion13lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)transformedMedusa'sbeautifulhairtoserpentsandmadeherfacesoterribletobeholdthatthemeresightofitwouldturnonlookerstostone.Punishment14lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)firstHermesandAthenatoldhimtofindGraeae

PerseusreturningtheeyeoftheGraii&theytoldhimwheretofindmedusa3sisterssharing1eyeand1toothamongthem

KillingofMedusa

15lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)a.Hesperides

Withthehelpsofthenb.Athena

c.Hermes

d.Zeus

knapsacktosafelycontainMedusa'shead

Mirror-likeshieldtoreflecttheimageofMedusasowon'tbeturnedtostoneWingedsandalsandaswordHades'helmofdarknesstohide

Adamantinesword16lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)hebeheadedherbyviewingherimageinthemirrorofhisshieldThen

17lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)TragicDeathofmedusa18lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Medusa’sbornofchildrenFromMedusa’sbleedingneck,awingedhorse,Pegasus,andthegiantChrysaor

sprangout.19lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)AwingedhorsePegasusZeusinstructedhimtobringlightningandthunderfromOlympus.GreekheroBellerophoneverridehimtodefeatamonster,theChimera20lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ThenAsPerseusflewNorthwestAfrica

2.coralsoftheRedSeaformedofMedusa'sblood3.thepoisonousvipersoftheSahara1.turnedTitanAtlastostone21lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)So,3.marryingAndromeda

Poseidonsentahugewhale-likemonstertodestroythecountryoracle:noreliefwouldbefounduntilkingsacrificedaughterAndromedaAndromedawaschainedtoarockHermother,QueenofEthiopia’soffendenceofseanymphboastedherdaughterandherselfequalinbeautytotheNereids22lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)PerseuspulledMedusa'sheadoutofthewallet&theseamonsterturnedtostone&crumbledtopieces.23lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)RescuingAndromeda;marryingAndromeda;turningherformersuitorPhineusintostone;24lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Returnmedusa’sheadtoAthenaAthenaplaceditatthecenterofherAegisasasymbolofherpower,andherowncapacitytoturnherenemiesintostone.4.Returninghome25lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)IntheendOraclebecametrue

hethrewadiscusinagameithitanoldmanwhowasAcrisius

Upset,HewenttoAsia,wherehissonPersesbecametherulerofthePersians,whoweresaidtobenamedafterhim.5.EndingHewenttoLarissa,whereathleticgameswerebeingheld.

26lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Cepheus仙王座Cassiopeia仙后座Perseus英仙座Andromeda仙女座Pegasus飛馬座Constellation27lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)II.Heracles28lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)birthZeusAlcmenaHeraclesSo,demigod

ZeusmadelovetoherafterdisguisinghimselfasherhusbandAmphitryon.Shegavebirthto2sons,onefatheredbyAmphitryon;onefatheredbyZeus.29lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)HeavenlymilkHerculeswasbroughttoHerabyAthenaandnursedbyHera.HerculeswassostrongevenasababythathehurtHera'snipplewhichforcedhertopullhimaway,causingastreamofbreastmilktospill.FromthesemilkdropletsarosetheGalacticor"MilkyWay".

childhood30lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)childhoodHeradeclaredawaragainsthimfromhisbirth.Incradle,hestrangled2serpents(sentbyHera)withhisownhands.31lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Heracleswasrepresentedasanenormouslystrongmanofmoderateheight;avoraciouseater.

Hisattributeswerethelionskin,bowandclub.

Hisfightwiththelionbeingdepictedmanyhundredsoftimes.Youth

32lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ChoiceofHerculespleasurevirtueLifeofeaseandenjoymentLifeofhardship,danger,butgloryHechosethelatter33lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)1stmarriageHemarriedMegara,princessofThebes,daughterofkingCreonAfitofmadnesscausedbyHerakilledhiswifeandchildrenTopurifyhimself,hehadtoaccomplish12tasksforkingEurystheusofTiryns.Firstmarriageresultedinhisadventure34lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)TokilltheNemeanLion殺掉尼米亞猛獅TodestroytheLernaeanHydra殺掉勒尼安的海德拉TocapturetheCeryneianHind捕獲阿爾忒彌斯的刻律涅雌鹿TocapturetheErymanthianBoar活捉厄律曼托斯山上的野豬TocleantheAugeanStables清洗奧吉亞斯的牛廄TokilltheStymphalianBirds殺掉斯廷法羅斯湖怪鳥(niǎo)TocapturetheCretanBull制服克里特島上的公牛TorounduptheMaresofDiomedes制服狄俄墨得斯的食肉馬TostealtheGirdleofHippolyte奪取亞馬孫女王希波呂忒的腰帶ToherdtheCattleofGeryon牽回巨人革律翁的牛群TofetchtheApplesofHesperides摘取赫斯珀里得斯的金蘋果TocaptureCerberus活捉哈得斯的三頭犬刻耳柏洛斯Heraclesandthe12labors35lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)NemeanLionaviciousmonsterthatlivedinNemea.goldenfurwasimpervioustoattack.clawssharperthanmortalswords1.KillingtheNemeanlionTheNemeanliontookwomenashostagestoitslair,luringwarriorstosavethedamselindistress.

Afterenteringthecave,thewarriorwouldseethewoman.Thewomanwouldturnintoalionandkillthewarrior.

36lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ProofagainstallweaponsHeracleswrestledwithitStrangledittodeathUseditspeltasarmorandtheheadashelmetKillingtheNemeanlion37lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ConstellationLeo

ThelionwashonoredbyHeraasconstellation“Leo”38lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Hydraserpent-likechthonicwaterbeast

withreptiliantraits,manyheads,andpoisonousbreath.eachheadcutoff,itgrewtwomore;middleofwhichwasimmortal.

offspringofTyphonandEchidna2.KillingtheHydra

39lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)FightingwiththeHydra40lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)AssoonasHeraclescutoffonehead,twonewones,largeranduglier,grewinitsplace.

AsfastasHeraclesloppedofftheheads,Iolausburnedthestumpswithatorch,thuspreventingthegrowthoftheduplicateheads.

Headnumbernine—theimmortalone—Heraclesburiedunderahugerock.

WithIolaus’help,hecuttheimmortalhead.

41lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ConstellationHydra長(zhǎng)蛇座42lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ahugecrabsentbyHerakeptbitinghim,killedbyHeraclesThecrabwashonoredasconstellation“Cancer”byHeraConstellationCancer43lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)HindIthadgoldenantlerslikeastagandhoovesofbronzeorbrasssacredtoArtemisitcouldoutrunanarrowinflight.

3.ThecaptureoftheCerynitianHind44lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ThecaptureoftheCerynitianHindchasedthehindonfootforafullyearthroughmanyplaces.hecapturedthehindwhileitsleptHebeggedthegoddessforforgiveness,buthepromisedtoreturnit.45lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Boaragiantfear-inspiringcreaturesacredtoArtemisdestroyedfarmers’fields4.CaptureofthehugeboarofErymanthus46lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Chironhadtoldhimtodriveitintothicksnow,whichsetsthisLabourinmid-winter.

HavingsuccessfullycaughttheBoar,HeraclesbounditandcarrieditbacktoEurystheus.

47lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)kingofElisandfatherofEpicaste.AugeaswasoneoftheArgonauts.greatestnumberofcattleinthecountryandhadneverbeencleaned5.CleaningofthestablesofAugeasreroutingtheriversAlpheusandPeneustowashit.AugeasnotkeepinghispromiseAugeashadpromisedHeraclesonetenthofhiscattle.Heracleskilledhimaftercompletingthetasks.HeraclesgavehiskingdomtoAugeas'son,Phyleus,whohadbeenexiledforsupportingHeraclesagainsthisfather.48lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)man-eatingbirdswithbeaksofbronzeandsharpmetallicfeatherstheycouldlaunchattheirvictimstheirdungwashighlytoxicsacredtoAres6.Destructionofaflockofferociousbirdsdestroyingcrops,fruittrees&townspeoplegothelpfromAthenaandHepheastushescaredthebirdsandthenshotthemastheyflewaway49lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)7.CaptureoftheCretanbullPoseidonsenttoMinos.Poseidonmadethebullangry.Heraclessnuckupbehindthebullandthenusedhishandstostrangleit.EurystheuswantedtosacrificethebulltoHerawhorefused.ThebullwasreleasedandwanderedintoMarathon,becomingknownastheMarathonianBull.

50lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)8.TamingofthehorsesofkingDiomedesofThracefourman-eatinghorses;Magnificent,wild,anduncontrollable;belongedtoDiomedes,kingofThrace;beingverysavage,theywerefedintroughsofbrass,andonaccountoftheirstrength,werefastenedbyironchains;Carnivorousandfedonthelimbsofthestrangersthathadbeencaught.

51lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Heracleskilledthemandtamedthehorsesbyfeedingthemonthefleshoftheirmaster.TamingofthehorsesofkingDiomedesofThrace52lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)9.CaptureofthegirdleofamazonsThegirdlewasawaistbeltfromAresthatsignifiedHippolyte’sauthorityasqueenoftheAmazons.shegavehimthegirdlewithoutafight.

53lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Hera,disguisedasanAmazon,spreadrumorsamongtheAmazonsthatHeracleswastryingtokidnaptheirqueen.TheAmazonsattackedhim.HeracleskilledHippolytainarage,assumingthatshehadbetrayedhim.54lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)AmazonTheAmazonsareanationofall-femalefeministwarriorsinGreekmythology.NotablequeensoftheAmazons:Penthesilea,whoparticipatedintheTrojanWar,andhersisterHippolyta,whosemagicalgirdle,giventoherbyherfatherAres.Theirnamehasbecomeatermforwomanwarriorsingeneral.alargestrongandaggressivewomanetymology55lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)10.CaptureofthecattleofGeryon

Geryon:amonsterwithhumanfaces;oneheadandthreebodieswithatotaloftwoarms.HerculeskilledthegiantEurytion,theherdsmanofGeryon,andfinallyGeryonhimself.56lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)11.BringingofthegoldenapplesofHesperidesHesperides:nymphswhotendablissfulgardeninafarwesterncorneroftheworldHeraclestrickedAtlasintoretrievingsomeofthegoldenapplesforhim,byofferingtoholduptheheavensforalittlewhile.Uponhisreturn,Atlasdecidedthathedidnotwanttotaketheheavensback,andinsteadofferedtodelivertheappleshimself.HeraclestrickedhimagainbyagreeingtotakehisplaceonconditionthatAtlasrelievehimtemporarilysothatHeraclescouldmakehiscloakmorecomfortable.Atlasagreed,butHeracleswalkedaway,carryingtheapples.57lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)12.CaptureofCerberus

WiththehelpofAthenaandHermes,heenteredtheunderworld.HeraclesmetHadesandaskedhispermissiontobringCerberustothesurface,HadesagreedtoifHeraclescouldoverpowerthebeastwithoutusingweapons.HeraclesoverpoweredCerberus,draggeditoutofHadesandbroughtittoEurystheus.Thekingwassofrightenedofthebeastthathejumpedintoapithos,andaskedHeraclestoreturnittotheunderworldinreturnforreleasinghimfromhislabors.58lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Otheradventures1.releasingTheseus2.Argonautsinsearchofthegoldenfleece3.restoreAlcestistolife4.releasePrometheus5.foughtagainstgiantAntaeus59lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)hisdeathDyingcentaurtoldDeianiratotakesomeofhisbloodtokeepitForthepurposeofwinningbackherHusband’slove.ShetrythebloodofNessus,putsomeofitontherobe.Hekilledhimselfinthefire.3rdmarriagewithDeianira61lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Afterdying,hebecameagodandmarriedtoHebe,thegoddessofyouth.62lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)CommentonHeraclesHisliferepresentsthehistoryofhuman’sstrugglewiththehostileNaturetoridthelandofdevastatingbeasts(1-lion,2-serpent,6-birds,10-monsters)andtamethemintousefulanimals(3-stag,4-boar,7-bull,8-horses,10-cattle);todevelopandprotectagricultureandhusbandry(irrigation5)toconquernewland(9-Amazons,11-goldapples,12-death)orbetterunderstandingofhumanlifeanddeath(12)imageasadestroyerofmonsters,protectorofsocialandhumanjustice,amanofadventure,strengthandwisdom63lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)EffectonwesternfilmsIndividualheroism

backgroundaimheroending64lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)III.Oedipus65lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)1.BirthofOedipus

sonofLaiusandJocasta,kingandqueenofThebes.oraclehewouldkillhisfatherandmarryhismother

OedipusFate

resultwhonamedhimOedipus,meaning“swollenfoot”

Laiushadhisanklespinnedtogether&madehimexposedonanearbymountain.Hewasrescuedbyashepherd&broughttoPolybus,kingofCorinth.66lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Whenhegrowup,helearnedfromtheoraclethathewouldkillhisfatherandmarryhismother.BelievingPolybuswashisfather,OedipustriedtoavoidtheprophecybyrunningawayfromCorinth.HewanderedinthedirectionofThebesandbychancehemetLaius,whoblockedhisway.HehadaquarrelwithLaiusandinafitofangerkilledhimwithoutknowingthestrangerwashisfather.2.Oraclefulfilled67lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)lion'sbody

womanheadwingsofbirdtreacherousserpentheadedtail

guardedtheentrancetotheGreekcityofThebes,askedariddleoftravelerstoallowthempassagemercilessGreekversion:malevolent3.OedipusandSphinx

68lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)"Whichcreatureinthemorninggoesonfourlegs,atmid-dayontwo,andintheeveninguponthree,andthemorelegsithas,theweakeritbe?"

RiddlesoftheSphinx"Therearetwosisters:onegivesbirthtotheotherandshe,inturn,givesbirthtothefirst."manDayandnight69lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)UnliketheGreeksphinxwhichwasawoman,theEgyptiansphinxistypicallyshownasaman(anandrosphinx).theEgyptiansphinx:benevolent–aguardianflankingtheentrancestotemples

70lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)ContinuingfulfilloforacleThepeopleofThebesgratefullyappointedOedipusastheirkingandgavehimtherecentlywidowedQueenJocasta'shandinmarriage.ThemarriageofOedipustoJocastafulfilledtherestoftheprophecy.OedipusandJocastahadfourchildren:twosons,EteoclesandPolynicesandtwodaughters,AntigoneandIsmene.71lectureperseusandheracles專題知識(shí)Manyyearsafterthemarriage,aplagueofinfertilitystruckthecityofThebes;cropsnolongergrewonthefieldsandwomendidnotbearchildren.