備考PTE是一個不斷努力自我的過程。每一個PTE考生在復習過程中，都一定受到了其他PTEer或多或少鼓勵和無私的。也許我們和他們從未謀面，素不相識，但其他同學給予我們的幫助，卻是那么的真真切切，異常珍貴。尤其是在機經(jīng)的整理上，如果沒有眾多同學細致的整理和無私，一份份寶貴的機經(jīng)將無從而生。那么許多同學與PTE的分手也一定會走得更加坎坷。對于這些無私的同學，我們“PTE黑科技”因此，已經(jīng)成功和PE分手的我們，也希望盡自己努力去幫助，回饋廣大還在和PTE“搏斗”的考生朋友們。我們在對過往的進行了細致深入的統(tǒng)計和研究后，毅然決定把研究成果無償?shù)亟o廣大PTE考生！以此作為我們對曾經(jīng)幫助過我們的朋友的感謝和對后來者的回饋。衷心希望我們的成果能幫助大家在盡早拿到想要的分但歷經(jīng)兩次換題季后，PTE機經(jīng)總數(shù)已達幾千題，但這幾千題中，已有近半的題不再考了，或者超低頻出現(xiàn)。如果把這些題篩選出去，這將極大的提高同學看機經(jīng)的效率。但一兩個人肯定無法對其篩選，這需要所有PEr共同協(xié)作。為了達成這一目標，我們的“蜂巢行動”機經(jīng)平臺升級了，小伙伴們可以進入“PTE黑科技”的小程序，與大家實時互動，點贊告訴大家考了哪些題，還可以對原有的機經(jīng)進行實時修正和補充。解決 SpeakingTheinfinitemonkeytheoremstatesthatamonkeyhittingkeysatrandomonatypewriterkeyboardforaninfiniteamountoftimewillalmostsurelytypeagiventext,suchasthecompleteworksofWilliamShakespeare.Inthiscontext,"almostsurely"isamathematicaltermwithaprecisemeaning,andthe"monkey"isnotanactualmonkey,butametaphorforan devicethatproducesarandomsequenceoflettersadinfinitum.Thetheoremillustratestheperilsofreasoningaboutinfinitybyimaginingavastbutfinitenumber,andviceversa.TheprobabilityofamonkeyexactlytyacompleteworksuchasShakespearesHamletissotinythatthechanceofitoccurringduringaperiodoftimeoftheorderoftheageoftheuniverseisminuscule,butnotzero.Butcanhelpmonkeystowrite.Ifthemonkeysaregivenapenandsomepaperstospellthewordmonkey,theycanonlyscratchonthepaper.Bycontrast,iftheyaregivenatypewriter,itwilltakethemover10yearstoproducetherightspelling.However,iftheycanusecomputerprograming,theycanfinishthetaskwithinaday.InthislecturethespeakertalksaboutinfinitemonkeyAccordingtothespeakershementionsthatonakeyboard,amonkeywillalmostsurelytypeagiventextsuchasthecompleteworksofWilliamShakespeare.Sheindicatesthatitisametaphorforan devicethatproducesarandomsequence.Shesuggeststhatiftheyaregivenapenandsomepaperstheycanonlyscratchonthepaper.Thislecturetalksaboutinfinitemonkeytheoremandthebenefitsoftechnology.Haussmann'srenovationof 修繕巴黎HaussmannsrenovationofPariswasavastpublicworksprogramcommissionedbyEmperorNapoleonIIIanddirectedbyhisprefectoftheSeine,Georges-EugeneHaussmann,between1853and1870.Itincludedthedemolitionofcrowdedandunhealthymedievalneighborhoods,thebuildingofwideavenues,parksandsquares,theannexationofthesuburbssurroundingParis,andtheconstructionofnewsewers,fountainsandaqueducts.Haussmannsworkmetwithfierceopposition,andhewasfinallydismissedbyNapoleonIIIin1870.butworkonhisprojectsuntil1927.ThestreetnanddistinctiveappearanceofthecenterofParistodayislargelytheresultofHaussmannsInthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,thecenterofPariswasovercrowded,dark,dangerous,andunhealthy.In1845theFrenchsocialreformerVictorConsideratewrote"Parisisanimmenseworkshopofputrefaction,wheremisery,pestilenceandsicknessworkinconcert,wheresunlightandairrarelypenetrate.Parisisaterriblecewherentsshrivelandperish,andwhere,ofsevensmallinfants,fourdieduringthecourseoftheyear.ThestreetnontheTiedelaCiteandintheneighborhoodcalledthe"quartierdesArcis,betweentheLouvreandthe"HodeVille(CityHall),hadchangedlittlesincetheMiddleAges.Thepopulationdensityintheseneighborhoodswasextremelyhigh,comparedwiththerestofParis.intheneighborhoodoftheChampsEIysees,therewasoneresidentforevery186squaremeters.intheneighborhoodsofArcisandSaint-Avoye,inthepresentThirdArrondissement,therewasoneinhabitantforeverythreesquaremeters.In1840,adoctordescribedonebuildinginthetiedelaCitewhereasingleroomfivemeterssquaresonthefloorwasoccupiedbytwenty-threepeople,bothadultsandchildren.Intheseconditions,diseasespreadveryquickly.Choleraepidemicsravagedthecityin1832and1848.Intheepidemicof1848,fivepercentoftheinhabitantsofthesetwoneighborhoodsdied.Trafficcirculationwasanothermajorproblem.Thewideststreetsinthesetwoneighborhoodswereonlyfivemeterswide.thenarrowestwereonlyoneortwometerswide.Wagons,carriagesandcartscouldbarelymovethroughthestreets.Thecenterofthecitywasalsoacradleofdiscontentandrevolution.between1830and1848,sevenarmeduprisingsandrevoltshadbrokenoutinthecentreofParis,particularlyalongtheFaubourgSaint-Antoine,aroundtheHo deViIle,andaroundMontagneSainte-Geneviveontheleftbank.Theresidentsoftheseneighborhoodshadtakenuppavingstonesandblockedthenarrowstreetswithbarricades,andhadtobedislodgedbythearmy.ThislecturemainlytalksabouttherenovationofParisinNapoleonthethirdsawtheoldPariswastheevilParis,sohedecidedtoreconstructTherenovationwasvastpublicprogramcommissionedbyNapoleonthethirdanddirectedbyHaussmann.NapoleonthethirdinstructedHaussmanntobringairandlighttothecenterofParisandtodrainthesewages.NapoleonalsoaskedHaussmanntontmoretrees,buildroadsandtomakethecitycleanerandsafer.Thereasonfor ngthiswasthattheoldParishadmanyseriousproblemssuchasovercrowding,diseasesand 之迷OurfriendsattheHighlandsMuseumandDiscoveryCenterinAshland,Kentucky,askedaverygoodquestion.Whyisitdarkinspace?Thatquestionisnotassimpleasitmaysound.YoumightthinkthatspaceappearsdarkatnightbecausethatiswhenoursideofEarthfacesawayfromtheSunasournetrotatesonitsaxisevery24hour.Butwhataboutallthoseotherfarawaysunsthatappearasstarsinthenightsky?OurownMilkyWaygalaxycontainsover200billionstars,andtheentireuniverseprobablycontainsover100billiongalaxies.Youmightsupposethatmanystarswouldlightuthenightlikedaytime.Untilthe20thcentury,astronomersdidntthinkitwasevenpossibletocountallthestarsintheuniverse.Theythoughttheuniversewentonforever.Inotherwords,theythoughttheuniversewasinfinite.Besidesbeingveryhardtoimagine,thetroublewithaninfiniteuniverseisthatnomatterwhereyoulookinthenightsky,youshouldseeastar.Starshouldoverlapeachotherintheskyliketreetrunksinthemiddleofaverythick.But,ifthiswerethecase,theskywouldbeblazingwithlight.TheproblemgreatlytroubledastronomersandbecameknownasOlbersparadox.Aparadoxisastatementthatseemstodisagreewithitself.Totrytoexintheparadox,some19thcenturyscientiststhoughtthatdustcloudsbetweenthestarsmustbeabsorbingalotofthestarlightsoitwouldntshinethroughtous.Butlaterscientistsrealizedthatthedustitselfwouldabsorbsomuchenergyfromthestarlightthateventuallyitwouldglowashotandbrightasthestarsthemselves.Astronomersnowrealizethattheuniverseisnotinfinite.Afiniteuniverse---thatis,auniverseoflimitedsize---evenonewithtrillionsandtrillionsofstars,justwouldnthaveenoughstarstolightupallofspace.AlthoughtheideaofafiniteuniverseexinswhyEarthsskyisdarkatnight,othercausesworktomakeitevenThislecturetalkedaboutthedarknessbetweengalaxies.ApicturefromNasaexinsthedarkness.Thispictureiscopyright andcanbefoundonnewspapers,magazinesandintheInternet.Accordingtothelecturer,gapsbetweengalaxiesarenotThereasonwhywecannotseeitisbecauseoureyesarenotabletodetecttheinfraredlight.Toconclude,thedarknessbetweengalaxiesstillremainmysterioustous.Dimensionscanbedefinedasthenumberofspaceorvariablesusedtodescribeevents.Onedimensionreferstoonevariable,whichmeanslongitude.Twodimensionscontaintwovariables:namely,longitudepluslatitude.Threedimensionscontains3variables:longitude,latitudeandattitude.Fourdimensionsincludetheabove-mentionedvariablesandtime.Wecanusethesedimensionstorepresenteveryevent;however,weseldomuse4WelshisaCelticlanguagespokeninWalesbyabout740,000people,andintheWelshcolonyinPatagonia,Argentinabyseveralhundredpeople.TherearealsoWelshspeakersinEngland,Scotland,Canada,theUSA,AustraliaandNewZealand.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturyabouthalfofthepopulationofWalesspokeWelshasaneverydaylanguage.Towardstheendofthecentury,theproportionofWelshspeakershadfallentoabout21%.Accordingtothe2001census582,368peoplecanspeakWelsh,659,301peoplecaneitherspeak,readorwriteWelsh,and797,717people,28%ofthepopulation,claimedtohavesomeknowledgeofthelanguage.AccordingtoasurveycarriedoutbyS4C,theWelshlanguageTVchannel,thenumberofWelshspeakersinWalesisaround750,000,andabout1.5millionpeoplecanunderstandWelsh.Inadditionthereareanestimated133,000Welsh-speakerslivinginEngland,about50,000ofthemintheGreaterLondonarea.ThelecturetalksaboutWelshwhichisaCelticlanguagespokeninWales,Walesscolony,England,Canada,Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturyabouthalfofthepopulationofWalesspokeWelshasaneverydaylanguage,towardstheendofthecentury,theproportionofWelshspeakershadfallentoabout20%.Accordingtothe2001censusabout750,000peoplespeak,readorwriteWelshand28%ofthepopulationhavesomeknowledgeofthelanguage.Intheend,thenumberofWelshspeakerhasapositiveWhydoesburningafooditemprovideinformationaboutitsvalueasafood?Thenutritionalvalueoffoodcanbemeasuredonmanydifferentscales.Themostbasicmeasurementscaleisthe energycontentofthefood.Inotherwords,howmuchenergyisreleasedwhenchemicalbondswithinthefoodarebroken.Theenergycontentoffoodismeasuredincalories,theamountofkineticenergyrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofonemlofwater,onedegreeC.Foodisburnedundercontrolledconditions,breakingchemicalbonds,andreleasing energy.TheburningischemicallysimilartothebreakdownoffoodincellularrespirationalthoughtheprocessoccursmuchmorequicklyandinalesscontrolledfashionduringignitionThislectureismainlyaboutbombThisequipmentcanhelptomeasurehowmuchenergycontainedinTherewillbechemicalcombustionbetweenthefoodandoxygen.Thewaterchamberabsorbstheheatwhenfoodsamplesareburned.Thethermometermeasurestheincreasedtemperatureofthewater,andthen,wecancalculatetheenergyoftheTheresultofthiscalorimeterisdifferentwiththeenergythathumansbodyabsorbfromfoodbecauseourdigestionsystemcannotabsorballenergyfromfood.WesternCountryChildBirthRate（西方國家出生率Thewesterncountrieswomen ingmoreandmorereluctanttogivebirthtoHowever,themalesstatusinthesocietyremainsstronginrecentyears.Thebirthratesincreasedduring20scenturybutitremaintodecreaseinthelasttwodecades.Intheyear2000,thebirthrateremainedataround1%.Thereareevensomenegativebirthratesinothercountries.Birthratedroppedtoitslowestpointthathasneverbeenseeninthehistory.Italsohasimpactsonmaleinthesocietyespeciallytheyoungman,anditmighthavesomeconnectionwithunemploymentrateaswell.有圖，一條折線,先上升一點,后直線下降,縱軸Childbirthrates橫軸年份到2000年時候大概是1點幾%recentyears.ThereasonisthatwomeninEuropeareunwillingtogivebirthespeciallythoseyoungwomenunder30yearsold.Attheendofthelecture,heconcludedthatthephenomenonwouldaffectmanspositionoflife,whichwillincreasetheirunemploymentrate.2017-2017-VitaminDreferstoagroupoffat-solublesecosteroidsresponsibleforincreasingintestinalabsorptionofcalcium,dietandfromsupplements.VeryfewfoodscontainvitaminDsynthesisofvitaminDintheskinisthemajornaturalsourceofthevitamin.DemmlsynthesisofvitaminDfromcholesterolisdependentonsunexposure(specificallyUVBradiation).VitaminDfromtheintheliverandkidney.EvidenceindicatesthesynthesisofvitaminDfromsunexposureisregulatedbyanegativefeedbackloopthatpreventstoxicity,butbecauseofuncertaintyaboutthecancerriskfromsunlight,nomendationsarcissuedbytheInstituteofMedicine(US)fortheamountofsunexposurerequiredtomeetvitaminDrequirements.Accordingly,theDietaryReferenceIntakeforvitaminDassumesnosynthesisoccursandallofasvitaminDis lsexposedtosunlight,itisnotstrictlyavitamin,andmaybeconsideredahormoneasitssynthesisandactivityoccurindifferentlocations.VitaminDhasasignificantroleincalciumhomeostasisandmetabolism.Itsdiscoverywasduetoefforttofindthedietarysubstancelackinginrickets.SomeregionspeoplelessexposeinsunlightdonothaveenoughvitaminDandthesameinwinterwhenpeoplewearmoreclothes.2017-AustralianExport(澳大利亞出口業(yè)2017-講澳洲對、、中國近幾十年來的出口業(yè)務,以及澳大利亞應該怎么趁亞洲這個好勢頭促進自己的出口業(yè),中國美英NorthAmerica,UK,andlaterAmerica.Nevertheless,nowadayswiththeriseofAsiancountries,especially,Australiahas withaperfectlocation.Currently,JapanisthelargestexportingcountrytoAustralia,butmay Australiashouldtaketheadvantageofsraisetodevelopitsexports.10.10. 組織） 2017-A highlydiversegroupsoforganizationsengagedinawiderangeofactivities,andtakedifferentformsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Somemayhavecharitablestatus,whileothersmayberegisteredfortaxexemptionbasedonrecognitionofsocialpurposes.Othersmaybefrontsforpolitical,religious,orotherinterests.ThenumberofNGOsintheUnitedStatesisestimatedat1.5million.Russiahas277,000NGOs. isestimatedtohavehadaround2millionNGOsin2009,justoveroneNGOper600 ns,andmanytimesthenumberofprimaryschoolsandprimaryhealthcentersin .NGOsaredifficulttodefine,andthetermNGOisrarelyusedconsistently.Asaresult,therearemanydifferentclassificationsinuse.Themostcommonfocusison"orientation"and"levelofoperation".AnNGOsorientationreferstothetypeofactivitiesittakesTheseactivitiesmightincludehumanrights,environmental,improvinghealth,ordevelopmentAnNGOslevelofoperationindicatesthescaleatwhichanorganizationworks,suchaslocal,regional,national,orTertiaryeducationexpenditureinThelecturecomparestheexpensesofeducationinstitutionamongdifferentEuropeanUKspent1.08%ofitsGDPoneducationinstitutions,whichwasinsufficientascomparedtootherEuropeancountriesincludingItaly,DenmarkandSpain.TheexpenditureofItalyandFranceisclosetothatofDenmarkandFinlandspentmuchmorethantherestoftheEuropeanNorthernEuropeancountries’tertiaryeducationalexpenditureisThelecturetalksaboutthechangesincoffeeCoffeeproductionhasincreasedfrom6billionto10billionduringpast10years.USandGermanyhelpVietnamtoestablishcoffeeindustry.ThehugedemandofEuropeandAmericahasmadeVietnamthesecondbiggestItgreatlyaffectedColumbiasproduction.TheoutputofCentralAmericadrasticallyPeoplesdrinkinghabitchangingandthepopulationgrowthalsohavegreatimpactoncoffee areadiverseandlargelycarnivorousgroupofshort-bodied,taillessamphibianscomposingtheorderAnura.TheoldestfossilprotofrogappearedintheearlyTriassicofMadagascar,butmolecularclockdatingsuggeststheiroriginsmayextendfurtherbacktothePermian,265millionyearsago. arewidelydistributed,rangingfromthetropicstosubarcticregions,butthegreatestconcentrationofspeciesdiversityisfoundintropicalrain s.Thereareapproxima y4,800recordedspecies,accountingforover85%ofextantamphibianspecies.Theyarealsooneofthefivemostdiversevertebrateorders.Besideslivinginfreshwaterandondryland,theadultsofsomespeciesareadaptedforlivingundergroundorintrees.Adult generallyhaveacarnivorousdietconsistingofsmallinvertebrates,butomnivorousspeciesexistandafewfeedonfruit. areextremelyefficientatconvertingwhattheyeatintobodymass.Theyareanimportantfoodsourceforpredatorsandpartofthefoodwebdynamicsofmanyoftheworldsecosystems.Theskinissemipermeable,makingthemsusceptibletodehydration,sotheyeitherliveinmoist cesorhavespecialadaptationstodealwithdryduceawiderangeofvocalizations,particularlyintheyarebreedingseason,andexhibitmanydifferentkindsofcomplexbehaviorstoattractmates,tofendoffpredatorsandtogenerallysurvive.Frogpopulationsdeclinedsignificantlysincethe1950s.Morethanonethirdofspeciesareconsideredtobethreatenedwithextinctionandoveronehundredandtwentyarebelievedtohave eextinctsincethe1980s.Thenumberofmalformationsamongisontheriseandanemergingfungaldisease,chytridiomycosis,hasspreadaroundtheworld.Conservationbiologistsareworkingtounderstandthecausesoftheseproblemsandtoresolvethem.arevaluedasfoodbyhumansandalsohavemanyculturalrolesinliture,symbolismandreligion.配了一個餅圖60%frogwithnormallimbs20%Thegraphshowstreetypesofindifferentregion,indicatingtheirlifehabitsandtheirinfluenceonhuman.Thevariationoffroghasbeenexistingformanyyearsthatsomehavemorelimbswhilesomehavefewerlimbs.Thelecturealsoexinsthereasonforthegenemutation.Manypeopleareworriedthatriverthoselivewillbepollutedbythemandaffectour補充回憶：FrogpopulationchangesinNorthAmericawithdifferentlimb,20-30%,peoplewouldworrysuchspeciesmayaffectandpostrisktopeopleinthelocalareacausetheirdrinkingwaterisfromtheriver.TheRightHonorableSirWinstonLeonardSpencer-Churchill,wasaBritishstatesman,bestknownasprimeministeroftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar.Atvarioustimesasoldier,journalist,author,andpolitician,ChurchillisgenerallyregardedasoneofthemostimportantleadersinBritishandworldhistory.Consideredreactionaryonsomeissues,suchasgrantingindependencetoBritainscoloniesandattimesregardedasaself-promoterwhochangedpoliticalpartiestofurtherhiscareer,itwashiswartimeleadershipthatearnedhimiconicstatus.Someofhispeacetimedecisions,suchasrestoringtheGoldStandardin1924,weredisastrousaswashisWorldWarIdecisiontolandtroopsontheDardanelles.However,during1940,whenBritainaloneopposedHitlersNaziGermanyinthe world,hisstirringspeechesinspired,motivated,andupliftedawholepeopleduringtheirdarkesthour.Churchillsawhimselfasachampionofdemocracyagainsttyranny,andwasprofoundlyawareofhisownroleanddestiny.Indeed,hebelievedthatGodhadcedhimonearthtocarryoutheroicdeedsfortheprotectionofChristiancivilizationandhumanprogress.AprovidentialunderstandingofhistorywouldconcurwithChurchillsself-understanding.Consideredold-fashioned,evenreactionarybysomepeopletoday,hewasactuallyavisionarywhosedreamwasofaunitedworld,beginningwithaunionoftheEnglish-speakingpeoples,thenembracingallcultures.Inhisyouth,hecutadashingfigureasacavalryofficerasseeninthe1972filmYoungWinstondirectedbyRichardAttenborough,buttheimagesofhimthatarethemostwidelyrememberedareasaratheroverweight,determined,evenpugnaciouslookingseniorstatesmanasheisdepictedtotheright.ThislecturetalksaboutChurchillscontributiontotheInthebeginningofthelecture,thespeakermentionedChurchillwasoneofthemostimportantleadersinBritishandworldhistory.Hefurtherdiscussthatduring1940,hisstirringspeechesinspiredawholepeopleduringtheirdarkestAttheendofthelecture,thespeakermentionedhewasachampionofdemocracywhosupportedtheprotectionofChristiancivilizationandhumanprogress.ToconcludeInconclusion,ChurchillisagreatleaderintheAmildformofhallucinationisknownasadisturbance,andcanoccurinmostofthesensesabove.Thesemaybethingslikeseeingmovementinperipheralvision,orhearingfaintnoisesandorvoices.auditoryhallucinationsareverycommoninschizophrenia.Theymaybebenevolent( lingthesubjectgoodthingsaboutthemselves)ormalicious,cursingthesubjectetc.auditoryhallucinationsofthemalicioustypearefrequentlyheard,forexamplepeopletalkingaboutthesubjectbehindhisorherback.Likeauditoryhallucinations,thesourceofthevisualcounterpartcanalsobebehindthesubjectsback.Theirvisualcounterpartisthefeelingofbeinglookedorstaredat,usuallywithmaliciousintent.Frequently,auditoryhallucinationsandtheirvisualcounterpartareexperiencedbythesubjecttogetherThelecturediscusseshallucination’simpactonMildhallucinationsareknownasdisturbanceanditcanoccurinmostsenses.Forexample,hearingorseeingfalsely.Auditoryhallucinationsareverycommoninschizophreniaandtheycanbebenevolentormalicious.Visualhallucinationsareusuallywithmaliciousintent,suchasfeelingbeinglookedorstaredat.Auditoryandtheirvisualcounterpartareoftenexperiencedbythesubject補充回憶:一個叫Prince的人寫了一本書關 ality的，其中女主角Christine患有hallucination有不同還hiddenmemory屬于B2，然后說了B1B2B3LanguageThislecturetalksaboutlanguageManylanguagesaredisappearingataratethatwasneverseenbeforeinhistory.UrbanizationisthemainreasonBecausethepeoplewhospeaksmalllanguagesaremovingtourbanareas,whicharenotsuitableforsmalllanguagestosurvive.Thesepeoplehavetospeakgloballanguagesduetopressure.Thereisanincreasingtrendofsmallagextinctionrecently.EukaryoticCellandProkaryoticThenumberonebiggestdifferencebetweenthebacteriainyourbodyandthecellsmakingupyourbodyarethesetinycellularcomponentscalledorganelles.Organellesaresimplymembrane-boundcompartmentswithinacell,suchasthenucleus,mitochondria,chlorosts,Golgi,andendosmicreticulum.Youareaeukaryote.Yourcellsareeukaryotic.Eukaryoticcellscontainmembrane-boundorganelles,includinganucleus.Eukaryotescanbesingle-celledormulti-celled,suchasyou,me,nts,fungi,andinsects.Bacteriaareanexampleofprokaryotes.Prokaryoticcellsdonotcontainanucleusoranyothermembrane-boundorganelle.Prokaryotesincludetwogroups,bacteriaandanothergroupcalledThislecturetalksabouteukaryotesandEukaryoteshavespecialmembrane-boundcompartmentscalledorganelles,whichdonotexistinprokaryotes.Eukaryotescanbesingle-celledormulti-celled.CellsarehugeincomparisontoThebiggestdifferencebetweeneukaryotesandprokaryotesiswhetherthereisaAnimalInthislecture,thespeakertalksaboutthefactorsofanimalsurviveandreproduce,whichincludetemperaturetolerance,bodysize,behaviorandaltitudetheylive.Forexample,animalswilldieifputintoafridge.ThisshowstheimportanceofseasonsandclimatestoanimalSomespeciesevenmigratetofindsuitablehabitatsfordifferentclimateandseason.Climateandseasonarevitalfactorsforanimalsurvival.ThelecturetalksaboutthedifferencebetweenhighandlowlickingandgroomingSomemotherratsspendalotoftimelicking,grooming,andnursingtheirpups.OthersseemtoignoretheirHighlynurturedratpupstendtogrowuptobecalmadults,whileratpupswhoreceivelittlenurturingtendtogrowuptobeanxiousTheoffspringofhighLGratseemstohavebetterabilitytodealwithstress,andlesschanceofheartdiseaseandToconclude,theresearchisimportantforthedevelopmentofpeoplehandlestressandstressIbelieveourbordersshouldbeopen.Butifthatisnotpoliticallyacceptablefornow,Europeshouldatleastopenupalegalrouteforpeoplefromdevelocountriestocomeworkhere.Overtime,hopefully,wecanmovetoapositionwherebordersarecomple yopen.Persuadingscepticwontbeeasy.ThatswhyIthinktheargumentformigrationhastobemadeatseverallevels,aprincipledcase,itincreasesdomandreducesinjustice.ahumanitariancase,ithelpspeoplemuchpoorerthanourselves.aneconomiccase,itmakesusricher.andapragmaticcase,itisinevitable,soitisineveryonesintereststomakethebestofit. domofmovementisnotjustamatterofhumanrightsandinternationalsolidarity.itisinourself-interest.Openingourbordersmayseemunrealistic.Butsotoo,once,didabolishingslaveryorgivingwomenthevote.ningforpeoplesrighttomovelyisanoblecauseforourtime.每一個原因都在表格里列出了,DevelopedcountriesshouldopenbordersforotherTherearetwoimportantfactorsineconomyandinhumanityforopeningEconomically,peoplefromdevelocountriescangotodevelopedcountriesandworkthere,theycanhelptodevelopcountriesgetricher.Also,forhumanityreason,itwillallow domforpoorpeopleindeveloHerearethreeimportantfactorsincreativity:people,processandproduct.ThemostimportantoneistheFirstyouhavetocreatetheright througheducationwithacreativemind.Second,youhavetocreatetherightprocesstohavepeopleengagedininnovationprocess.Third,youneedtofindtherightproblemtoworkon.Humanbeingscansurviveandprosperlargelydependingonthecreativitytheyhave.Ifyouidentifyandassessthecreativityofafinishedproduct,itistakenasa forthecreativityofthe whoproducedsuchaproduct.Therefore,acreativeproductshouldbesurprising,original,beautifulanduseful.Peopleshouldhavefactorsnecessaryforgenius,ability,andrightmindset.Youshouldimprovetoimitateandchangeinsightlookfromnews,innovativelycreatesomethingwithimaginationtoexpandconceptualspaces.creativity,3個要素 processproduct其中process最重要.Have3stages,create ,createprocessandcreateproduct.Humanbeingscansurvivebecausetheircreativity.ThelecturetalksabouthumansInthebeginningofthelecturethespeakermentionsthatthereare3elements,includingcreative ,creativeprocessandcreativeproduct.OfthemosttheimportanceisAttheendofthelecture,thespeakerconcludesthathumanbeingscansurvivebecausetheirThelectureisaboutdarkDarkenergyisanunknownformofenergy,whichishypothesizedtopermeateallofspaceandaccelerateDarkenergyconstitutesmostoftotalenergyinobservableuniversethoughitsdensityislow.Twoproposedformsofdarkenergyarecosmologicalconstantandinconstantscalarfields.Afieldsimilartodarkenergythatcouldinflateearlyuniverseiscalledbigbang.Einstein Inthelecture,thespeakertalksaboutInthepastpeoplebelievedthatuniversewasabsoluyfixedandThishasbeentransformedbyEinsteinsconceptoftransformation(relativetheory)Einsteinsaidtheuniverseiscontinuousdynamicalchange,ischangingallthetime.However,Einstein