..

severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,cisismethylbtwoverticalboxbetweenofaccuratesize.Per-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,thentheverticalinstallationaccurate.Forexamplea,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured

.v.

severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,cisismethylbtwoverticalboxbetweenofaccuratesize.Per-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,thentheverticalinstallationaccurate.Forexamplea,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured

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Sectiona…

UseofEnglish

Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpractice,gradually

(1)

theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.

(2)

,arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield'sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa

(3)

specifiedlatent

(4)

forflying.

Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled

(5)

neuralnetworksandputer

(6)

totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin

(7)

generations

(8)

inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand

(9)

decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearning,wherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof

(10)

eachindividualhas.

Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso

(11)

theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.

(12)

puters,whichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationintheputer'smemorychip,neuralnetworksstoreeachitem

(13)

overmanyneuronalconnections.

(14)

informationisstoredinthiswaythen

(15)

isaccelerated,explaininghowplexmotorskills,suchasnestbuildingandhuntingskills,are

(16)

byabinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations.

Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits

(17)

inideas

(18)

byJamesBaldwinin1896,whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright,

(19)

inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts

(20)

artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime.

1?€?A.adjusting

B.refining

C.changing

D.turning

2?€?A.Indeed

B.Hence

C.Whereas

D.However

3?€?A.genetically

B.cognitively

C.habitually

D.extrinsically

4?€?A.storage

B.organ

C.memory

D.function

5?€?A.affected

B.artificial

C.fake

D.unrealistic

6?€?A.dominations

B.manipulations

C.operations

D.simulations

7?€?A.previous

B.former

C.preceding

D.ancient

8?€?A.entirely

B.accordingly

C.obviously

D.indirectly

9?€?A.resultin

B.therefore

C.so

D.nevertheless

10?€?A.partners

B.alternatives

C.offspring

D.parents

11?€?A.dependon

B.decide

C.affect

D.involve

12?€?A.For

B.Alike

C.Unlike

D.Within

13?€?A.delivered

B.distributed

C.displayed

D.disposed

14?€?A.As

B.Given

C.If

D.Considering

15?€?A.ability

B.update

C.renovation

D.evolution

16?€?A.learned

B.acknowledged

C.attained

D.acquired

17?€?A.roots

B.resources

C.bases

D.reflections

18?€?A.supported

B.proposed

C.objected

D.started

19?€?A.and

B.then

C.but

D.besides

20?€?A.asfor

B.inparticular

C.suchas

D.forinstance

Doyouwakeupeverydayfeelingtootired,orevenupset"Ifso,thenanewalarmclockcouldbejustforyou.

Theclock,calledSleepSmart,measuresyoursleepcycle,andwaits

(1)

youtobeinyourlightestphaseofsleep

(2)

rousingyou.Itsmakerssaythatshould

(3)

youwakeupfeelingrefreshedeverymorning.

Asyousleepyoupass

(4)

asequenceofsleepstatesa€〞lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleepa€〞that

(5)

approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan

(6)

howyoufeellater,andmay

(7)

haveagreaterimpactthanhowmuchorlittleyouhaveslept.Beingrousedduringalightphase

(8)

youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.

SleepSmart

(9)

thedistinctpatternofbrainwaves

(10)

duringeachphaseofsleep,viaaheadbandequipped

(11)

electrodesandamicroprocessor.Thismeasurestheelectricalactivityofthewearer'sbrain,inmuchthe

(12)

wayassomemachinesusedformedicalandresearch

(13)

,andmunicateswirelesslywithaclockunitnearthebed.You

(14)

theclockwiththelatesttimeat

(15)

youwanttobewakened,andit

(16)

dulywakesyouduringthelastlightsleepphasebeforethat.

The

(17)

wasinventedbyagroupofstudentsatBrownUniversityinRhodeIsland

(18)

afriendplainedofwakinguptiredandperformingpoorlyonatest."

(19)

sleep-deprivedpeopleourselves,westartedthinkingof

(20)

todoaboutit,"saysEricShashoua,arecentcollegegraduateandnowchiefexecutiveofficerofAxonSleepResearchLaboratories,apanycreatedbythestudentstodeveloptheiridea.

1?€?A.beside

B.near

C.for

D.around

2?€?A.upon

B.before

C.towards

D.till

3?€?A.ensure

B.assure

C.require

D.request

4?€?A.through

B.into

C.about

D.on

5?€?A.reveals

B.reverses

C.resumes

D.repeats

6?€?A.effect

B.affect

C.reflect

D.perfect

7?€?A.already

B.ever

C.never

D.even

8?€?A.means

B.marks

C.says

D.dictates

9?€?A.removes

B.relieves

C.records

D.recalls

10?€?A.proceeded

B.produced

C.pronounced

D.progressed

11?€?A.by

B.of

C.with

D.over

12?€?A.familiar

B.similar

C.identical

D.same

13?€?A.findings

B.prospects

C.proposals

D.purposes

14?€?A.prompt

B.program

C.plug

D.plan

15?€?A.where

B.this

C.which

D.that

16?€?A.then

B.also

C.almost

D.yet

17?€?A.claim

B.conclusion

C.concept

D.explanation

18?€?A.once

B.after

C.since

D.while

19?€?A.Besides

B.Despite

C.To

D.As

20?€?A.what

B.how

C.whether

D.when

?-〞???:

Sectiona…

UseofEnglish

1?€?B

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2?€?D

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3?€?A

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4?€?C

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5?€?B

[è§￡???]è€???￥??￠??1èˉ?è?¨????€?Aé?1?’?Dé?1?????|????–?????€?èˉ￥é￠????è?·??‘??¨?o?Cé?1?€?fake??€è??????????ˉa€?????????????é€

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6?€?D

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7?€?A

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8?€?D

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9?€?B

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1??????????–????è????€??oé?€è|??????ˉ??€??aè?¨?¤o??“??????èˉ?èˉ-è?〞??￥?€???…Bé?1??ˉ?-￡????-〞????€?

10?€?C

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11?€?A

[è§￡???]è€???￥??¨èˉ?è?¨????€??…????????–???-???alsoa€??1?a€?????o???‘???????¤??????—?¤o?????—?¤o?????μ??-???è§???1?’?????‰???¨????o???μ??-?????°???è§???1??ˉ?1???—?…3?3??€?è€?????o???μèˉ′????°±??ˉ???????1???€??ˉé?

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a€????????€????èˉ?èˉ-?????…?-〞???选A???dependon?€?Bé?1??¨é€?è?‘????’??-￡????-〞?????????????????|????–?????€?

12?€?C

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13?€?B

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14?€?C

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15?€?D

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è??????–1é?￠??????é???€?è€???〞è????￥èˉ?????°????overmanygenerations?1??????oè????€?-￥?????—?¤o?????a??‰evolution?‰??…·??‰è???

·???????€??€??‰€??￥选D???evolution?€?

16?€?D

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·a€?è?·??—a€?é?￡?o??¤?????????€è??????€??

1???????–???ˉ??￥???è???o???€è???1????????…¨??ˉ?¤??〞???????è????‰??€é?¨?????ˉ????¤?è?·??—????€?è€?Dé?1??°?￥?è?¨?¤o????°±??ˉa€?????¤?è?·??—a€????????€??€???

?-¤????-￡????-〞?????ˉD???acquired?€?

17?€?A

[è§￡???]è€???￥???èˉ?è?¨????€?root???????1‰??ˉ????¤??‰?????

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18?€?B

[è§￡???]è€???￥??¨èˉ?è?¨????€????é￠????è§￡é￠??o??′￠??¨??o????¤??????????èˉ-?????￥???whofirstmadethecounter-intuitiveargument...èˉ￥??￥??-???first?????o????¤o???Baldwin??€?????ˉ?????oè????aè§???1????oo?€??????a选é?1??-?????a??‰Bé?1??|????–?????€?

19?€?C

[è§￡???]è€???￥é€?è?‘?…3?3??€?couldhavedoneè????aè?????èˉ-?°〞è?¨?¤o?????ˉa€??????￥è?????è€???a?????°????o???…a€??€?????-¤?????ˉ??￥??¨?–-????…??‰?è?1?????o?¤???o?°‘?????ˉ??€??a??|??‰è?????????€????èˉ?èˉ-?€??‰€??￥Cé?1??ˉ?-￡????-〞????€?

20?€?C

[è§￡???]è€???￥??-èˉ-è?¨????€?è€??〞??o〞èˉ￥?3¨?????°concepts?’?artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentations?1?é—′??ˉ??…??μ????¤–???????…3?3??€??〞±?-¤??ˉ??￥C???suchas??o?-￡????-〞????€?asfora€?è?3?o?????…3?o?a€????inparticular?€?a€??°¤?…?????‰1???a€????forinstancea€?????|?????ˉ〞?|?a€??€?

1?€?C

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2?€?B

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3?€?A

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sth.??–者that?????￥?€?è??é??you?‰??????￥?o?that????…?????????|???èˉ-?￠??????…Aé?1??o?-￡????-〞????€?è€?assureè??????1‰?????????????…????é€??????

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4?€?A

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5?€?D

[è§￡???]è€???￥???????–?èˉ-?1‰?????¨èˉ?è?¨????€????é￠????è§￡?-〞??‰èμ–?o??ˉ1?‰???€??￥èˉ???????è§￡????‰???€??￥??-???a€?asequenceofsleepstatesa€??????€??a?????

????€????é?o?o????è€???〞???é?￠??€??￥??-???a€?inthatcyclea€??1???—?¤o?‰?é?￠???????????°è±???ˉ??€??a??a??ˉè???¨??€??????“????????￥???every90minutes?????ˉ??￥???????o〞èˉ￥选????????‰é???¤?????€????repeat?????3è????a?????

????€????é?o?o???o?ˉ?90???é’?é???¤???€????€???…D???repeats??o?-￡????-〞????€?reveal?????oa€???-?¤o???????¤oa€????reverse?????oa€????è?????é￠

?€’a€????resume?????oa€?(??-?–-???)é???–°??€?§??????￠?¤?a€????????????|???é￠?????€?

6?€?B

[è§￡???]è€???￥??¨èˉ?è?¨????€??????￥??-???______howyoufeellater?’?haveagreaterimpact??ˉ?1???—???è°“èˉ-???????????

?-¤?‰€é€‰?????¨èˉ??o〞èˉ￥?’?impact?…·??‰???è?‘???????€????B???affect?????oa€???±?“?a€??????|???èˉ-?￠??€???o?-￡????-〞????€?effect?????¨èˉ??—?????????oa€??????°???????〞????a€????reflect?????oa€??????

???????°?a€????perfect?????¨èˉ??—??????oa€??????????a€????????????|???é￠?????€?

7?€?D

[è§￡???]è€???￥é€?è?‘?…3?3??€??ˉ1a€?Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecanaffecthowyoufeellater,andmay______haveagreaterimpactthanhowmuchorlittleyouhaveslept.a€?è??è??????????????????°¤?…???ˉé€?è??a€?agreaterimpactthana€???ˉ??￥??????者?¨??o|递?￠????D???evena€??〞?è?3a€?è?¨?¤o递è???????|???èˉ-?￠??????o?-￡????-〞????€?

8?€?A

[è§￡???]è€???￥??¨èˉ?è?¨????€???o?

??¤??‰€??¨??￥?-????????€???oa€??μ…???????€????è￠????é?’??′??‰??ˉè??______é?’??￥????2?????……?2?a€??€?mean?????oa€?????‘3??€a€??????|???èˉ-?￠??????…Aé?1??o?-￡????-〞????€?mark?????oa€????è?°??·?o?????

????a€????say?????oa€?èˉ′a€????dictate?????oa€???￡è?°?????￡???a€????????????|???é￠?????€?

9?€?C

[è§￡???]è€???￥èˉ??±???-é…??€??‰€???èˉ??o〞èˉ￥?’?pattern????????-é…??€??????a选é?1??-??a??‰C???recordsa€?è?°???a€?è?????pattern????????-é…??????…??o?-￡????-〞????€?remove?????oa€??§???€???é?¤???a€????relieve?????oa€????è???????“è§￡a€????recall?????oa€???????èμ·?????????a€????????????|???é￠?????€?

10?€?B

[è§￡???]è€???￥??¨èˉ?è?¨????€?______duringeachphaseofsleep????????????èˉ-???é￥°brainwaves???brainwaves?????o?

??‰€???èˉ????é€?è?‘???èˉ-?€???…é|–?…???ˉ??￥??’é?¤???????‰???¨èˉ?proceeda€???§??-è??è??a€??’?progressa€?è???-￥????‰?è??a€??€?pronouncea€???‘é?3?????￡???a€?è???????ˉ???????‰???¨èˉ?????????ˉ???è???〞¨brainwaves??????èˉ-?€?B???produced?????oa€??〞??o§????o§?〞?a€??????|???èˉ-?￠??????o?-￡????-〞????€?

11?€?C

[è§￡???]è€???￥??o?????-é…??€?a€?equip...with...a€???o??o?????-é…?????????oa€??〞¨a€|a€|è￡…?¤????????…·?¤?a€?????…???–??‰é?1??????è?????equip????????-é…??????…C???with??o?-￡????-〞????€?

12?€?D

[è§￡???]è€???￥??o?????-é…??€?a€?thesame...as...a€???o??o?????-é…?????????oa€??’?a€|a€|??€?

·a€??????…D???same??o?-￡????-〞????€?familiar?????oa€??????‰???a€????similar?????oa€??????????a€????identical?????oa€?????????????????-‰???a€????è????‰é?1??????è?????as????????-é…??€?

13?€?D

[è§￡???]è€???￥??o?????-é…??€?a€?for...purposea€???o??o?????-é…?????????oa€???o?o?a€|a€|??????a€??€???…D???purposes??o?-￡????-〞????€?funding?????oa€???‘??°???(è°??