介詞的用法

介詞(preposition)：也叫前置詞。在英語里，它的搭配能力最強。但不能單獨做句子成分,需和名詞或代詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語及從句）構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句中充當(dāng)成分。介詞的用法介詞(preposition)：也叫1一、介詞的種類（1）簡單介詞：about,across,after,against,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beside,but,by,down,during,for,from,in,of,on,over,near,round,since,to,under,up,with等等。（2）合成介詞：inside,into,outside,throughout,upon,without,within（3）介詞短語：accordingto,alongwith,apartfrom,becauseof,infrontof,inspiteof,insteadof,owingto,upto,withregardto等等。一、介詞的種類（1）簡單介詞：about,across,2二、介詞短語的作用介詞不單獨作句子成分，其后跟名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、短語、從句等作它的賓語，構(gòu)成介詞短語。1、作狀語

通常位于句首或句尾，表時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、方式、比較等。eg:Everybodyunderstoodexceptme.

除我之外，大家都理解了。

Icamehereformybriefcase.

我來這里拿公文包。

二、介詞短語的作用介詞不單獨作句子成分，32、作定語

跟在所修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語。eg:Theyhaverentedaflatofthreerooms.

他們租了一套三居室的公寓。

Theladyinredismysister-in-law.

穿紅衣服的那位女士是我嫂子。2、作定語跟在所修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語。4

3、作表語eg:SallyisinthelanguagelabwithTom

莎莉和湯姆在語音室。

WhathesaidisofgreathelptolearnersofEnglish.

他剛才的話對英語學(xué)習(xí)者很有幫助。

3、作表語eg:Sallyisinthelang54、作賓語補足語eg:Whatmakesyouinsuchahurry?

什么事使你這樣匆匆忙忙？

Thedutyofthepoliceistokeepthecountryinorder.

警察的職責(zé)是維持國家秩序。4、作賓語補足語eg:Whatmakesyouin6三、部分介詞用法辯異1、地點介詞

1）at,in,byat表示把地方、地點、位置當(dāng)作一個“點”,in則把地方、地點、位置當(dāng)作一個范圍或一個封閉的空間。此外，at用于表示在某一單位、機關(guān)，較抽象；in則較具體。by用在表示位置(有在旁、貼近、靠近之意)。如：Heworks

at

thepostoffice.

她在郵局上班。

Intherainweweresheltering

in

thepostoffice.我們在郵局里面避雨。

Ilive

inEngland,

atLondon.

我住在英國倫敦。(England大過London)

bythefire在爐邊bytheseaside在海邊

apathbytheriver沿河道路bythenearestroad走近路

三、部分介詞用法辯異1、地點介詞71.Thereisabookstore____theothersideofthestreet. A.in B.on C.for D.at2.MrsGreenhaslived____London____tenyears. A.at,for B.in,since C.in,for D.on,by

3.Thelittlegirlsawabeautifulbird____thetree.

A.on B.in C.into D.at

4.Hearrived____Shanghai____January5____10:00.

A.in,on,in B.at,on,on C.in,on,at D.in,on,by1.Thereisabooks82）on,over,above

on表示一物放在另一物上面，兩者緊貼在一起；over表示一種越過，即“在……上方”；above表示一般的“高于……”，“在……之上”，一種垂直關(guān)系如：Thebookis

on

thetable.

書在桌子上。

Isthereanybridge

over

theriver?

河上有橋嗎？

Therewasanelectricclock

above

hisbed.

他床頭上有只電子鐘。2）on,over,aboveon表示一9

1.Thereisabridge____theriver. A.on B.at C.belowD.over

2.Thelightwashanging_____hishead.

A.aboveB.onC.overD.across

3.AftersupperFatheralwayssits____achair,readingnewspapers.

A.aboveB.onC.overD.across

4.Theplanehasjustflown____myhead. A.onB.over C.above D.at

1.Thereisabridge103）under,below

under與below分別是over與above的反義詞，即“在……下方”；below表示一般的“低于……”，“在……之下”。如：Theywereseen

under

thetree.

有人看到他們在樹下。

ShallIwritemynameon,aboveor

below

theline?

我該把名字寫在線上、還是線的上方或下方？

3）under,below111.Welaydown____atreetorest. A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

2.Thereisabook____thechair.

A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

3.Thisplaceis_____sealevel.

A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

4.Theboatispassing_____bridge.

A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

1.Welaydown____atreetor124）after,behind

after多用于表時間先后，而behind多半表位置或方向的前后。如：Shestood

behindatree.

她站在一棵樹后。

Weshallleave

after

breakfast.

我們早飯后動身。4）after,behind131.Therearesomeflowers____thehouseA.behindB.afterC.belowD.above

2.Theschoolis___thepostoffice.

A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above

3.WecametoBeiJing_____6:00inthemorning.

A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above

4._____havingthebath,wewatchedTV.

A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above1.Therearesomeflow145）across,through,over,past

across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”；through強調(diào)“穿越”；over多表示從“上方越過”；past表示從“面前經(jīng)過”。如：

Shewent

across

thestreettomakesomepurchases.

她穿過街道去買東西。

Thesunlightwascomingin

through

thewindow.

陽光透過窗戶進來了。

Hefailedtogo

over

themountain;hehadtogoroundit.

他沒能越過那座山，只有繞過去．

Someonehasjustgone

past

thewindow.

有人從窗前走過．

5）across,through,over,past151.Sheswam_____theriver.

A.throughB.acrossC.onD.above

2.YesterdayIwent_____theforest.

A.throughB.acrossC.onD.above

3.----Whowasgoing____mejustnow?

----Jim

A.throughB.acrossC.pastD.above

4.Thebirdflew_____thebuilding

A.throughB.acrossC.onD.over1.Sheswam_____theriver.

A.16２、時間介詞１）for,since,during

for指“時間段”，since指“時間點”，during強調(diào)時間過程。during與for的區(qū)別：during所指的時間起止分明；如果一段時間不明確，就用for.如：Ihaven’tseenher

for

years.

我很多年沒見過她了。

Heswimseveryday

during

thesummer.

整個夏天他每天游泳。

TheyhavebeeninHawaii

since

thewar.

戰(zhàn)后他們一直住在夏威夷。２、時間介詞１）for,since,during171.Ihavelivedhere__about1year.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

2._____lastterm,IwaslearningEnglishinHighbirdallthetime.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

3.IhadlivedinLondon_____lastyear.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

4.Shestoodhere_____severalhours.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

1.Ihavelivedhere_18２）“在...之后”in,after

in+一段時間（用于一般將來時）

after+一段時間（用于一般過去時）

after+一點時間（常用于一般將來時）如：Thebabystoppedcrying

after

halfanhour.那個嬰兒半小時后停止了哭泣。

Thebabywillstopcryinginhalfanhour.

那個嬰兒將在半小時后停止哭泣。

Theywillvisittheirteacher

afterFriday.

周五以后他們將去拜訪他們的老師。２）“在...之后”in,afterin+一段時19３）at,in,on,by表示時間的區(qū)別

at表示特定的時間、節(jié)日、年齡:如：atdawn/atnight/atnoon/atmidnight/atforty/atChristmas

in表示一天中某段時間，指年、月、季節(jié)、周次：如：inthemorning/in2002/inMay/inthesecondweekofJuly/inwinteron表示某一天或星期幾，指明具體的時間：如：onSundays/onherbirthday/onFridayevening/onthefirst

by(的時候、到、等到…已經(jīng))用在天、時間：如：byday白天(的時候)/by2o‘clock到兩點鐘/bythistime等到現(xiàn)在(已經(jīng))…

３）at,in,on,by表示時間的區(qū)別a201.Iwasborn____Oct.11th,2000.

A.onB.inC.atD.by

2.NewYearis_____January.

A.onB.inC.atD.by

3.Igotoschool____8:00a.m.everymorning

A.onB.inC.atD.by

4.Ihavelearnt2000Englishwords_____theendofthisyear.

A.onB.inC.atD.by

1.Iwasborn____O214)表示動作的介詞to,toward

to表示向某處移動：如：Theyweredrivingtoworktogether.他們一同開車去工作。

She‘sgoingtothedentist’sofficethismorning.今早她去看牙醫(yī)。

toward表示移向某處：

如：We‘removingtowardthelight.我們向燈光處移動。

Thisisabigsteptowardstheproject'scompletion.

這是對于工程的完成前進了一大步。

4)表示動作的介詞to,towardto表示向某處移動225）表示“用”的介詞用交通工具byplane用語言inEnglish通過媒介on/overthetelephone,on/overthe

radio,onTV用工具手段withapen,withone＇shands

5）表示“用”的介詞用交通工具byplane231.Igotoschool____bikeeveryday.

A.byB.inC.onD.with

2.Ilikesingingasong____Russia.

A.byB.inC.onD.with

3.IwatchWorldCup____TV.

A.byB.inC.onD.with

4.Iwrite____apen

A.byB.inC.onD.with

1.Igotoschool___24四、常見的介詞搭配１、名詞+介詞：

1.

approvalof批準(zhǔn)

2.

awarenessof意識到

3.

graspof把握住

4.

hatredof憎惡

5.

desirefor要求、愿望

6.

fondnessfor愛好(I'veafondnessforcollectingstamps.)

7.

hopefor希望、期待(hopeforthebest樂觀)

8.

needfor必要(Thereisnoneedforhurrying.)

9.

reasonfor有必須……的理由(havereasonfor...)

10.respectfor尊敬(haverespectfor...)

11.beliefin信任于

12.interestin對……有興趣

13.successin成功、成就

四、常見的介詞搭配１、名詞+介詞：25２、形容詞+介詞：

1.

afraidof(Heisnotafraidofanything.)

2.

awareof覺得

3.

capableof能(Thetankiscapableofholding8kg.ofwater.)

4.

fondof喜愛(He'sfondoffishing.)

5.

jealousof嫉妒于

6.

madeof用……制成的

7.

proudof對……感覺光榮(I'mproudofhisacquaintance.認(rèn)識他是我的光

榮。)

8.

sureof確信(Youmaybesureofhishonesty.)

9.

tiredof厭倦的

10.carelessabout不關(guān)心、不重視

11.worriedabout自找煩惱

12.familiarwith熟悉于、精通于

13.interestedin興趣于

14.sorryfor懊悔、覺得過意不去(Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.)

２、形容詞+介詞：263、動詞+介詞：１.careabout關(guān)心(Hedoesn'tcareaboutotherpeople.他不關(guān)心別人。)

2.

carefor喜歡(Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?你喜歡來杯咖啡嗎？)

3.takecareof照顧(Takecareofyouseft.照顧自己喔。)

4.dreamabout夢到(Idreamtaboutyoulastnight.昨晚我夢到你。)

5.dreamof夢想(Ioftendreamofbeingrich.我時常夢想發(fā)達了。)

6.hearabout聽到關(guān)于……的詳情(HaveyouhearaboutJane?)

7.hearof聽到……的事/話(Haveyouheardofaplacecalled'Mulu'?)

8.hearfrom得到……的消息(HaveyouheardfromAnnrecently?)

9.lookat注視、考察(Whyyoulookatmelikethat?)

10.lookfor找、指望(Canyouhelpmelookformykeys?)

11.lookafter照應(yīng)、看守(Sheisill,sheneedssomeonetolookafterher.)

12.thinkabout思索、考慮(Whatareyouthinkingabout?)

13.thinkof想起、企圖(HetoldmehisnamebutIcan'tthinkofitnow.)

3、動詞+介詞：271.星期二上午老師生他的氣了.

____Tuesdaymorningtheteacherwasangry____him.

2.瞧!我的書和你的書不同.

Look!Mybookisdifferent____yours.

3.去年秋天張小姐和一個有錢人結(jié)了婚.

MissZhangwasmarried____arichmanlastautumn.

4.晚飯后父親總是坐在椅子上讀報.

AftersupperFatheralwayssits____achair,readingnewspapers.

5.我是用墨水寫的信.

Ihavewrittentheletter____ink.

6.工作時不要講話.

Doyourwork_______speaking.

7.父親要我用自己的話把故事重講一遍.

Fatherwantedmetoretellthestory____myownwords.

8.在老師的幫助下,他發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的錯誤.

____thehelpoftheteachers,hefoundouthismistakes.

9.我們都穿著藍色的衣服,而他們都穿著黑色的衣服

Weareall____white,while(而)theyareall____black.

10.前天我爺爺花了很多錢買書.

Mygrandfatherspentalotofmoney____booksthedaybefore

yesterday.

11.她握著我的手說:"你是個好孩子."

Sheheldme____thehandandsaid,"Youareagoodboy."

12.你買那本英漢詞典花了多少錢?

Howmuchdidyoupay____theEnglish-Chinesedictionary?

13.除最后一個問題外,凱特回答了所有的問題.Kateansweredallthequestions______thelastone.

14.(從)上海到昆明的火車要穿過多少隧道?

Howmanytunnels(隧道)doesthetrainfromShanghaitoKunminggo_______?

15.雷鋒總是先想到別人.

LeiFengalwaysthought____otherpeoplefirst.1.星期二上午老師生他的氣了.

____Tuesday28WhatIsaLibrary?

Alibraryisacollection(收集)

books.Ifyouhavefiftyorsixty

books

home,thisisyourlibrary.

Alibraryisalsoabuilding

alargecollection

books

it.Therearelibraries

grown-ups(成年人)andlibraries

children.Peoplecangetbookstoreadthere.Wemust,ofcourse,take

themback

thelibrarywhenwewanttoreadthem

home.

Wemayborrowthreebooks

atimeandkeepthem

twoweeks.Ifwehavenotfinishedreadingabook

theend

twoweeks,wemaygo

thelibraryandsaythatwewanttorenewit

alongertime.

Mostlibrarieshavereadingrooms.

thereadingroomsthere

aretables.Youcansit

atableandreadanewspaper,amagazine

orabook.

thelibrarytherearebooks

poems(詩),travels(游

記),history,geographyandscience.Therearealsonovels(小說),books

shortstories,newspapersandmagazinesthere.

29介詞用法口訣

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、點與分。年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周，陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in。將來時態(tài)in...以后，小處at大處in。介詞用法口訣

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、點與分30inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginthedayatdawn,atdaybreakatnoonatnight

atmidnightinthemorning/afternoon/31陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in，

Don'treadindimlight.

Theyarereviewingtheirlessonsinthebrightlight.

Theyaresittingintheshadeofatree.

aprisonerinirons

Hewentintheraintomeetmeatthestation.

Thepoordressed(clothed)inragsinoldsociety.

inthebrightsunlight

amerchantindisguise

thewomaninwhite(black,red,yellow)

inmourning

inbrownshoes?

inhisshirtsleeves

陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in，Don32

將來時態(tài)in...以后

Theywillcomebackin10days.I'llcomeroundinadayortwo.We‘llbebackinnotime.Comeandseemeintwodays‘time.(從現(xiàn)在開始)

after...(從過去開始)

將來時態(tài)in...以后

Theywillcome33小處at大處in

LiandIarrivedatHeishancountysafeandsound,alliswell.Don'tworry.Iliveinagreatcity(bigcity),mysisterlivesatasmalltownwhile小處at大處in

LiandIarrivedat34有形with無形by，語言、單位、材料in;特征、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用in

Theteacheriscorrectingthepaperwithanewpen.

"TakingTigerMountainbyStrategy"isagoodopera.

Ireallycan'texpressmyideainEnglishfreelyin-deed．

IwroteanovelinRussian.Thisboardwascastinbronzenotingold.

特征或狀態(tài)：TheDemocraticPartywastheninpower.

Theyfoundthepatientinacoma.Hehasnotbeeningoodhealthforsomeyears.Manywhocameindespairwentawayinhope.

有形with無形by，語言、單位、材料in;特征、35Thehousewasinruins.Thepoorgirlwasintears.Herclotheswereinrags.Hisshoeswereinholes.Shespokeingriefratherthaninanger.Thehousewasinruins.36介詞at、to表方向，攻擊、位置、善、惡、分

1.A．Shecameatme.

B．Shecametome.2．A．JakeranatJohn.

B．JakerantoJohn.3．A.Herushedatthewomanwithasword.

B.Herushedtothewomanwithasword.4．A．Heshoutedattheoldman.

B.Heshoutedtotheoldman.

5．A．IheardhermutteringatXiaoLi.

B．IheardhermutteringtoXiaoLi.

6．A.Shetalkedatyoujustnow.

B．Shetalkedtoyoujustnow.7．A．Shethrewaboneatthedog.B．Shethrew