名詞性從句(復(fù)合句)

一、主語從句

1、語序：主語從句要求使用陳述句語序，而非一般疑問句語序。

2.連接詞的選用

(1)that和what的選用

that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語從句。what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句

中充當(dāng)某些成分，可作從句的主語'賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充

當(dāng)任何成分，無詞義，只起連接詞作用。

(2)if和whether的選用

引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if,只能用whethero

(3)其它連接代詞和副詞的選用

根據(jù)主語從句的具體意義，正確的選擇who,which,when,where,why,how

等連接詞，這些連接詞既有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種

成分。

(4)whatever/whoever的功用

whatever,whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從

句中作主語、賓語、表語等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。

要注意和whatever,whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。

Eg:Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主語從句)

=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(讓步狀語從句)

=Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.

3.it構(gòu)成的主語從句

(1)由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)放到句子的后面，而用

代詞it作形式主語。謂語是seem,appear,becertain,beapity,beawonder,be

one'shope,belikely等詞或短語。需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句

時(shí)，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。

用于Itissuggested/required/ordered/demandedthat...句型中，動(dòng)詞為表示命

令'建議、要求等意義的詞。主語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用"should+

動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。

Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.你應(yīng)該花更多

的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語。

(2)常見用it作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)

l.)Itisafact(agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews...)

that...

2.)Itisnecessary(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/

likely...)that...

需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞很多為“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形、

即要用虛擬語氣

3.)Itisreported(well-known/hoped/thought/expected/believed/decided/suggested

/ordered...)that...

4.)Itseems(happened/appears/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/...that...

4句式

用形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句相當(dāng)多，有些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的

有：Itissaidthat...據(jù)說...Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)...

Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知...Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布...

Itisbelievedthat...人們相信...Itisthoughtthat...人們認(rèn)為...

Itisunderstoodthat...自不待言...Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出...

Itmustbeadmittedthat...必須承認(rèn)...否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,seem,appear等動(dòng)詞后面賓

語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)

詞用肯定式［否定前移］。注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能

轉(zhuǎn)移。

2)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的否定。

Eg:Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。

(not否定動(dòng)名詞短語having...)

5.表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主

語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem

等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat...和

Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。

二、同位語從句

同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

1.同位語從句的功能

同位語從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引

導(dǎo)

2.同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔

開

3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分

(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的

作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。

(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限

定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行

補(bǔ)充說明。

三、賓語從句

1.賓語從句的種類

賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，

或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。

1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和

非正式文體中可以省略。

2)由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,

how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成

分。

3）由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是

否”。

2.賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序

3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)

1）如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。

2）如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過

去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）

3）如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

名詞性從句練習(xí)題

單選

1.hascausedgreatconfusionishemadeitwithoutanyone

else'shelp.

A.What;that.B.What;how.C.It;how.D.It;that.

2._____isevenmoreimportantistheearthcooleddown,waterbeganto

appearonitssurface.

A.When;that;whenB.What;whether;as

C.What;that;asD.It;whether;as

3.areplayinganimportantpartiswellknowntousall.

A.ThatwhoB.ThosewhoC.WhothatD.Who

4.Hasitbeenannounced?

A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffB.thataretheplanestotakeoff

C.wherearetheplanestotakeoffD.whentheplanesaretotakeoff

5.---madeherashamedofherself?

---thelowestmarkinherclass.

A.What;BecauseshegotB.Wasitwhat;Getting

C.Whatwasitthat;ThatshegotD.Whatwasitthat;Get

6.madememoreunhappywastheboyaskedmyfriendtobehis

girlfriendandsheagreed.

A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whetherD.It;that

7.Itisaruleinhisfamilythatcomeshomefirstshouldcookthe

dinner.

A.anybodyB.whoC.whoeverD.whothat

8.youdon*tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether

9.wemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmoretobepolite.

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD./

10.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.

A.WhyB.ThatC.WhichD.What

11.hisfailureliesisexpectedcleartous.

A.What...tomakeB.How...made

C.Where...tobemadeD.Why...making

12.excitedJennymostwasshefinallysucceededin

seemedtobethemostdifficultexamtohim.

A.That;that;whichB.What;that;what

C.That;because;thatD.What;because;which

13.isknowntousallisthatJohnsonbrokehispromisehe

wouldcometohelpmeassoonaspossible.

A.It;thatB.What;thatC.As;whichD.What;which

14.surprisedmemostwas___thegirlpassedthedrivertest.

A.That;thatB.What;howC.What;thatD.That;why

15.isknowntoallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.

A.AsB.WhatC.ItD.Which

16.hasnotbeendecidednext.

A.HowtodoB.WhattodonextC.TodowhatD.Todohow

17.Webelieveyouhavebeendevotedtonaturallyof

greatnecessity.

A.that;beingB.allthat;beC.thatall;areD.what;is

18.Youwillneverguess.

A.whoamIwaitingforB.whathashappened

C.howcanshehelpmeD.wheredidIgo

19.一Hey,youlookworried.Whafsup?一I'mnotsure

A.thatcanIpasstheexamornot

B.IfIcanpasstheexamornot

C.WhetherIcanpasstheexamornot

20.——Doctor,itseemsyouliketoworkwithanimals.

一Yes,weshouldanimalsasourfriends.

A.that;regardB.what;beregarded

C.that;beregardedD.what;regard

21.Youhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.That'syour

eyeshurt.

A.whyB.howC.whatD.when

22.ItisstillunknownhowAI（人工智能）thewayofourlifeaswell

astheworld.

A.changeB.changedC.willchangeD.waschanging

23.__breakstheschoolwindowswillbeinfortrouble.

A.WhoeverB.WhoC.WhichD.Whose

24.一Filhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdonrtknow.

一HowaboutParis?

A.whentogoB.wheretogoC.whattodo

25.Thatiswewerelatelasttime.

A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what

26.doesn'tmatteryoucomeornot.

A.That;whetherB.It;whetherC.That;ifD.It;if

27.Theplacethebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbethecross-

rivertrafficistheheaviest.

A.which;whereB.atwhich;which

C.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich

28.Isthisschool__theyvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone

29.Couldyoutellmeyesterdayafternoon?

A.whentheschoolsportsmeetingended

B.whendidtheschoolsportsmeetingend

C.whentheschoolsportsmeetingends

D.whendoestheschoolsportsmeetingend

30.isknowntoallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.

A.AsB.WhatC.ItD.Which

【拔高題】

31.Shewassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstoodhe

saidmeant.

A.thatB.whatC.thatthatD.whatwhat

32.Afterhadhappenedhecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere.

A.whichB.howC.whatD.having

【分析】最佳答案選Co

33.Hepointedtolookedlikeatombandsaid,“Ghost.”

A.thatB.what