計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Lesson5SoftwareWordsandExpressionsNotesReadingComprehension譯文Lesson5Software補(bǔ)充閱讀學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)Lesson5Software

Ithandlessuchdetailsasrunningprograms,storingdataandprograms,andprocessingdata.

它的功能是運(yùn)行程序，存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和程序，處理數(shù)據(jù)。

Whenwementionsoftware,werefertocomputerprogramswhicharetheinstructionsthatdirectthecomputerhowtoprocessdataandinformationintotheformyouwant.Softwareismoreimportantthanhardware.Ittellsthehardwarewhattodo.Itisthe“brain”ofthecomputer.Withoutsoftware,acomputerisonlyaclumsybox.Lesson5Software

Bearinmindthatthesoftwarewearetalkingaboutisnotthefloppydiskswherecomputersoftwarecomesbutwhatisstoredonthedisks.Contrarytohardware,softwareisinvisible.Softwarecanbedividedintotwomajorkinds—systemsoftwareandapplicationsoftware.Theformeroneisthesoftwarethecomputerusesandthelatteriswhatyouuse.Lesson5Software

Systemsoftwareisacollectionofprogramswhichenablestheapplicationsoftwaretointeractwiththecomputerhardwaredevices.Thesystemsoftwarewhichisalsocalledbackgroundsoftwarecontrolscomputerhardware.Themostpopularsystemsoftwareistheoperatingsystemwhichallcomputersuse.Ithandlessuchdetailsasrunningprograms,storingdataandprograms,andprocessingdata.ThereareseveraltypesofoperatingsystemssuchasMS-DOS,Windows98,andWindows2000,WindowsNT,etc.WindowsXPisthemostupdatedoperatingsystemfortoday’smicrocomputerusers.Figurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongthem.Lesson5Software

ThereareseveraltypesofoperatingsystemssuchasMS-DOS,Windows98,andWindows2000,WindowsNT,etc.WindowsXPisthemostupdatedoperatingsystemfortoday’smicrocomputerusers.Figurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongthem.Lesson5SoftwareLesson5Software

Applicationsoftwaresometimesisdescribedas“end-user”software.Itisaspecializedprogramthatenablestheusertoaccomplishspecifictasks.Peoplecreatefiles,managepersonalassignments,writeletters,surftheInternet,watchmovies,downloadmusicfromtheInternet,developawebsiteandplaygameswiththehelpofapplicationsoftware.Wearefamiliarwithseveralkindsofapplicationsoftwaresuchaswordprocessors,spreadsheetprograms,databasesystems,presentationsystems,anddesktoppublishingprograms.Thefamousapplication

softwareofwordprocessandspreadsheetprogramisMicrosoftWordandExcel.WordsandExpressionsWordsandExpressions

1.Whenwementionsoftware,werefertocomputerprogramswhicharetheinstructionsthatdirectthecomputerhowtoprocessdataandinformationintotheformyouwant.

當(dāng)我們提到軟件，我們說(shuō)的是那些使計(jì)算機(jī)將數(shù)據(jù)和信息處理成我們需要的格式的指令。本句是復(fù)合句，which引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，來(lái)解釋前面的computerprograms,that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾instructions,從句中的謂語(yǔ)direct意為“指揮……完成”。WordsandExpressions

2．Bearinmindthatthesoftwarewearetalkingaboutisnotthefloppydiskswherecomputersoftwarecomesbutwhatisstoredonthedisks.記住我們所說(shuō)的軟件不是存放電腦軟件的軟盤而是存放在軟盤里的內(nèi)容。bearinmind是一個(gè)固定搭配，意為“記住”。例如：Bearinmindthatyoushouldfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougotothecinema.記住你應(yīng)該先完成作業(yè)再去看電影。WordsandExpressionsNotes

3．Theformeroneisthesoftwarethecomputerusesandthelatteriswhatyouuse.前者是電腦用的軟件，后者是你用的軟件。former與latter相對(duì)應(yīng)，Theformerone指的是“systemsoftware”，thelatter指的是“applicationsoftware”。

4．Systemsoftwareisacollectionofprogramswhichenablestheapplicationsoftwaretointeractwiththecomputerhardwaredevices.系統(tǒng)軟件是讓?xiě)?yīng)用軟件和電腦硬件溝通的程序。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，which引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾acollectionofprograms。

Notes

5．Ithandlessuchdetailsasrunningprograms,storingdataandprograms,andprocessingdata.它的功能是運(yùn)行程序，存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和程序，處理數(shù)據(jù)。handle意為“觸摸,運(yùn)用,處理,操作”。例如：Handlewithcare.小心輕放。

6．Wearefamiliarwithseveralkindsofapplicationsoftware...我們熟悉許多應(yīng)用軟件……befamiliarwith是一個(gè)固定搭配，意為“熟悉”，例如：AlmosteveryoneisfamiliarwithJackyChen.幾乎每個(gè)人都很熟悉成龍。Notes1.Computer小常識(shí)。

Linux是UNIX操作系統(tǒng)的克隆，它運(yùn)行在基于Intel的80x86機(jī)器上，這里的x為3或更高的數(shù)字。Linux非常易于移植，適應(yīng)性很強(qiáng)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)移植到如DECAlpha，Power-PC，甚至Mac機(jī)上了。全世界所有Linux愛(ài)好者每天取得的進(jìn)展，使這個(gè)免費(fèi)的操作系統(tǒng)能運(yùn)行在當(dāng)前所有的普及型機(jī)器上。因?yàn)?，全部的Linux操作系統(tǒng)的源代碼是免費(fèi)的，開(kāi)發(fā)者實(shí)際上只是花費(fèi)時(shí)間移植代碼，卻不用擔(dān)心誰(shuí)來(lái)支付收益許可費(fèi)。2．?dāng)U展詞匯。outlook電子郵件及日常工作管理軟件

publisher出版編輯用的軟件pointer光標(biāo)，指針

menu菜單button按鈕，紐扣pointto指向complier編輯者NotesReadingComprehensionWindows’BasicParts

Whenyouopenanobjectonyourcomputer,itappearsonyourdesktopinsideawindow.Therearetwotypesofwindows—programwindowsanddocumentwindows.Manyofthetypicalwindowpartsarecommontobothtypesandareillustrated（解釋）below.

ControlMenu(控制菜單):Standardinallwindowsbutchangesitsappearancesdependingontheparticularwindowyouhaveopened.Clickonthisicontoopenamenucontainingagroupofwindowcommands.ReadingComprehension

TitleBar（標(biāo)題欄）:Indicateswhichprogramyouarecurrentlyworkingin.Whenawindowisactive,thetitlebarbecomesblueincolor.

Minimize（最小化）Button:Whenyouclickontheminimizebutton,thewindowdisappearsandappearsasabuttononthetaskbar（任務(wù)欄）.

Maximize（最大化）/Restore（恢復(fù)）Button:Clickingonthisbuttonexpandsthewindowtofilltheentire（完整的）desktop.Whenawindowismaximized,theRestoreButtonreplacesitsMaximizeButton.Youcanrevert（恢復(fù)）thewindowtoitsoriginalsizebyclickingonthisbuttononceagain.ReadingComprehension

CloseButton:Selectingthisbuttoneitherclosesadocumentorexits（退出）aprogram.

MenuBar（菜單欄）:Clickonamenuitemtodisplaythemenuanditscommands.

ToolBar（工具欄）:Clickingonabuttoninvokes（調(diào)用）aspecificcommand.

ScrollBar（滾動(dòng)條）:Vertical（垂直的）andhorizontal（水平的）scrollbarsappearwhentheinformationdoesnotfitentirelyintheframe.Drageitherscrollbartosidetheinformationintoview.

StatusBar（狀態(tài)欄）:Providesinformationregardingthecurrentstatusofyouareviewinginthewindow.ReadingComprehensionQuestions

1.Howmanytypesofwindowsandwhatarethey?

2.Describethecontrolmenuwithyourownwords.

3.Whatwillyoudoiftheinformationdoesnotfitentirelyintheframe?譯文軟件

當(dāng)我們提到軟件，我們說(shuō)的是那些使計(jì)算機(jī)將數(shù)據(jù)和信息處理成我們需要的格式的指令。軟件比硬件重要得多。它告訴硬件應(yīng)該做什么。它是計(jì)算機(jī)的“大腦”。沒(méi)有軟件，計(jì)算機(jī)只是個(gè)笨重的大盒子。

記住我們所說(shuō)的軟件不是存放電腦軟件的軟盤而是存放在軟盤里的內(nèi)容。與硬件不同，軟件不可見(jiàn)。軟件可分為兩大類：系統(tǒng)軟件和應(yīng)用軟件。前者是電腦用的軟件，后者是你用的軟件。譯文

系統(tǒng)軟件是讓?xiě)?yīng)用軟件和電腦硬件溝通的程序。系統(tǒng)軟件也叫后臺(tái)軟件用來(lái)控制計(jì)算機(jī)硬件。最常見(jiàn)的系統(tǒng)軟件是操作系統(tǒng)，所有計(jì)算機(jī)都有。它的功能是運(yùn)行程序，存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和程序，處理數(shù)據(jù)。有如下操作系統(tǒng)：MS-DOS,Windows98和Windows2000,WindowsNT等。WindowsXP是今天為微機(jī)用戶提供的最先進(jìn)的操作系統(tǒng)。下圖顯示了它們之間的關(guān)系。

應(yīng)用軟件有時(shí)被稱為“終端用戶”軟件。它是讓用戶完成特定任務(wù)的特殊軟件。用戶可以用應(yīng)用軟件創(chuàng)建文件、管理個(gè)人任務(wù)、寫(xiě)信、上網(wǎng)、看電影、從網(wǎng)站上載音樂(lè)、建立網(wǎng)頁(yè)、玩游戲。我們熟悉許多應(yīng)用軟件，如：字處理程序、電子表格程序、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)、演示文稿程序和桌面印刷程序等。最著名的字處理程序和電子表格程序是MicrosoftWord和Excel。譯文Windows的基本部分

當(dāng)你在電腦上打開(kāi)一