第第頁(yè)【解析】重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期7月期末英語(yǔ)試題登錄二一教育在線組卷平臺(tái)助您教考全無(wú)憂

重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期7月期末英語(yǔ)試題

一、閱讀理解(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀理解

FourPlacesNamedAfterScientistsinAntarctica

TherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey'renamedfor.

JonesTerrace(梯田)

Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica'sVictoriaLandbearsJones'name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley'sice-coveredlakes.

MountFiennes

8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica'slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.

FrancisPeak

The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica'sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2023paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.

PedenCliffs

PedenCliffsnearAntarctica'sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

1．WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic

A．JonesTerrace.B．MountFiennes.

C．FrancisPeak.D．PedenCliffs.

2．WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic

A．LoisM.Jones.B．GinnyFiennes.

C．DameJaneFrancis.D．IrenePeden.

3．WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden

A．ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

B．Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.

C．ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.

D．Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.

【答案】1．B

2．C

3．A

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題；時(shí)文廣告類；應(yīng)用文

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了南極洲四個(gè)以做出科學(xué)突破的女性科學(xué)家命名的地標(biāo)。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。

1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)MountFiennes部分中的"8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica'slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic."8202英尺高的Fiennes山位于南極洲最大的島嶼——亞歷山大島上，以GinnyFiennes的名字命名。她在南極洲建立并維護(hù)了80英尺高的無(wú)線電發(fā)射塔。可知，F(xiàn)iennes山是以南極洲無(wú)線電發(fā)射塔建造者GinnyFiennes的名字命名的。故選B。

2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)FrancisPeak部分中的"HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2023paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes."她在西摩島收集的化石幫助她在2023年的一篇論文中得出結(jié)論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸曾經(jīng)有過(guò)比現(xiàn)在溫暖得多的氣候?？芍?，DameJaneFrancis證明了南極洲以前有過(guò)更高的溫度。故選C。

3．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)PedenCliffs部分中的"TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets."他們還使用不同的無(wú)線電波頻率來(lái)測(cè)量南極洲冰蓋的厚度。可知，IrenePeden的特別之處在于她可以判斷南極洲冰蓋的厚度。故選A。

（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）閱讀理解

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof"Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile"wasassignedthecategories"sittingatbeach"and"listeningtowaves."

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla"naturelanguage"begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

"We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,"saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

4．Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext

A．Pocketparksarenowpopular.

B．Wildnatureishardtofindincities.

C．Manycitiesareoverpopulated.

D．Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.

5．Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories

A．Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.

B．Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.

C．Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.

D．Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.

6．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5

A．Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.

B．Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.

C．Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.

D．Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.

7．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn

A．Languagestudy.B．Environmentalconservation.

C．Publiceducation.D．Interculturalcommunication.

【答案】4．B

5．D

6．C

7．B

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】推理判斷題；細(xì)節(jié)理解題；說(shuō)明文；環(huán)境保護(hù)類；人文地理類

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述了野生自然對(duì)人類很重要研究人員呼吁保護(hù)城市中的野生自然。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。涉及推理判斷題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題。解答推理判斷題要根據(jù)原文中的信息與選項(xiàng)信息結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行正確推斷，得出答案；解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題要完全符合原文，不能主觀臆斷。

4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接近大自然。可知選項(xiàng)Wildnatureishardtofindincities.符合題意，故答案為B。

5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof"Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile"wasassignedthecategories"sittingatbeach"and"listeningtowaves."然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗(yàn)分成不同的類別。例如，一個(gè)參與者的“我們坐在沙灘上聽(tīng)了一會(huì)兒海浪”的經(jīng)歷被分配到“坐在沙灘上”和“聽(tīng)海浪”的類別。可知選項(xiàng)Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.符合題意，故答案為D。

6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.命名每一種自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語(yǔ)言，這有助于人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與到對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意和最有意義的活動(dòng)中。例如，沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)讓一個(gè)年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時(shí)感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心，他們可以在午休時(shí)沿著噴泉散步，享受一種更居家的互動(dòng)方式?？芍匀惑w驗(yàn)可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。選項(xiàng)Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.符合題意，故答案為C。

7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,"saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.”要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們還需要保護(hù)自然，這樣我們才能與它互動(dòng)，”該研究的資深彼得·卡恩說(shuō)?？芍x項(xiàng)Environmentalconservation.符合題意，故答案為B。

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀理解

Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.

"Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,"explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD'sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwillsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablishedrankings,thoughtheBritishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.

ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD'sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate'sviewonwheretostudymaybeworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingthattheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica'sfamousuniversities.Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.

TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationministers'meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankingsareplannedby2023.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobalmarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospendtheirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.

ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidable.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.

Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today'srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts."Wewillnotbereflectingauniversity'shistory,"saysMrSchleicher,"butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor"Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestudent'sdestinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.

8．TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto____.

A．a(chǎn)ssessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsubscribetotheservice

B．a(chǎn)ppraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformance

C．establishanewevaluationsystemforuniversities

D．setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation

9．TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankingsin____.

A．thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaff

B．thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatisticalanalysisofmethod

C．thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiency

D．thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt

10．BythecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat____.

A．theOECD'sapproachisveryfair

B．theNobellaureate'sopinionisnotworthhearing

C．theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudents

D．differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults

11．TheOECD'srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby____.

A．parentswhopayforthechildren'ssecondaryeducation

B．thefamouscolleges

C．thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutions

D．shoppersintheglobalmarket

【答案】8．C

9．C

10．D

11．C

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】推理判斷題；細(xì)節(jié)理解題；說(shuō)明文；學(xué)習(xí)教育類

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織(OECD)通過(guò)新的方式對(duì)大學(xué)進(jìn)行排名，建立新的大學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)體系。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。

8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段"Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach."計(jì)算出學(xué)生和納稅人花在大學(xué)上的錢到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情?，F(xiàn)在，經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織（OECD），一個(gè)位于巴黎的富裕國(guó)家智囊團(tuán)，正計(jì)劃通過(guò)首次對(duì)大學(xué)教學(xué)的成功程度進(jìn)行國(guó)際比較，使這項(xiàng)任務(wù)變得容易一些；以及第二段中的"Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation."一旦有足夠多的大學(xué)參與其中，它可能會(huì)發(fā)布排行榜，顯示每個(gè)國(guó)家的排名，就像它現(xiàn)在對(duì)義務(wù)教育所做的那樣。可推知，OECD項(xiàng)目是為了建立新的大學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)體系。故選C。

9．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"‘Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,'explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD'sheadofeducationresearch."經(jīng)合組織教育研究主管安德烈亞斯·施萊歇爾解釋說(shuō):"我們不會(huì)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，一所大學(xué)花的錢越多，它就越好，也不會(huì)使用其他衡量質(zhì)量的替代指標(biāo)，我們會(huì)關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)成果。"可知，OECD組織的評(píng)估方法與現(xiàn)有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重學(xué)習(xí)成果。故選C。

10．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbledfrom17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract."例如，在上周公布的英國(guó)排名中，雄心勃勃的倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院(LondonSchoolofEconomics)從第17位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外國(guó)學(xué)生數(shù)量令人印象深刻，但與前幾年相比，它獲得的贊譽(yù)有所減少；以及"Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts."方法上的改變會(huì)帶來(lái)驚人的轉(zhuǎn)變。可推知，這個(gè)評(píng)級(jí)的方法和之前的評(píng)級(jí)有所不同，而這個(gè)例子可能就是要說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題，即，不同的評(píng)估方法可能導(dǎo)致不同的排名結(jié)果。故選D。

11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today'srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching."此外，施萊歇爾表示，這是一項(xiàng)值得做的工作。他認(rèn)為，今天的排名并不能幫助政府評(píng)估他們給大學(xué)教育本科生的錢是否得到了回報(bào)。學(xué)生們忽略了二流的學(xué)校，而選擇了大牌學(xué)校，盡管那些不那么大牌的學(xué)?？赡芨瞄L(zhǎng)教學(xué)；以及第二段中的"‘Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,'explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD'sheadofeducationresearch.(經(jīng)合組織教育研究主管安德烈亞斯·施萊歇爾解釋說(shuō):"我們不會(huì)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，一所大學(xué)花的錢越多，它就越好，也不會(huì)使用其他衡量質(zhì)量的替代指標(biāo)，我們會(huì)關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)成果。"可推知，OECD的排名系統(tǒng)可能最受那些雄心勃勃的二流大學(xué)歡迎。故選C。

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀理解

Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(節(jié)奏)infemalemice.

Thebody'scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called"non-dippers",aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby"clockgenes")thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.

Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups"keptanapparentcircadianrhythm"ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.

TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage."Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,"theresearcherswrote.

12．Whatdoesthenewresearchfind

A．Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.

B．Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.

C．Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.

D．Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.

13．Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext

A．Helpingmalescureheartdisease.

B．Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.

C．Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.

D．Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.

14．ThelackofPRRI____.

A．hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemales

B．makesnodifferencetomales

C．doesharmtomale'shealth

D．ismorelikelytoaffectfemale'shealth

15．Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A．Oneclockgeneisimportant

B．Womenmaybenefitfrombodyclock

C．Newstudyanalysesbloodpressurerhythms

D．Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight

【答案】12．D

13．B

14．C

15．B

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題；說(shuō)明文；科普類；文章大意

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了控制人體生物鐘的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物鐘。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。

12．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease."新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害?？芍?，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，控制生物鐘的基因?qū)τ谀行院团缘淖饔檬遣煌摹９蔬xD。

13．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thebody'scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday."人體晝夜節(jié)律的在24小時(shí)內(nèi)組織身體活動(dòng)的生物鐘有助于一天中血壓和心臟功能的正常變化?？芍镧娪兄谘獕汉托呐K功能正常變化。故選B。

14．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease."先前的研究表明，缺少四種生物鐘基因(PER1)中的一種的雄性老鼠變得不喜歡游泳，患心臟和腎臟疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高；以及"Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight."與先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，沒(méi)有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之間血壓正常下降。可知，缺乏PRRI對(duì)男性健康有害。故選C。

15．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease."新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害。可知，生物鐘可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害；以及最后一段中的"Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage."研究表明，女性比同齡男性更不可能成為非杓型?？芍允艿缴镧姷挠绊?，心臟和腎臟疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更低，"女性可能受益于生物鐘"適合做文章的標(biāo)題，故選B。

二、任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.16．.Herearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.

Remindyourselfwhyyouwrite.

Iwritebecauseit'samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinawaynothingelsedoes.AlthoughI'mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.17．.AslongasIrememberwhyIwrite,Idon'tfeelenviousofothers.

Keepapositivecommentfile.

I'velongkeptablurb(簡(jiǎn)介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI'maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.18．

19．

Youknowwhathappenswhenyoudon'tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccessesallthetimeYouknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youcan'tbeenviousofthem,canyouSosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.

Notfocusonwritingonly.

Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon'tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit'sfunandrelaxingDothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon'tfeelguiltyaboutit.20．

A.Cutdownonsocialmedia.

B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.

C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved.

D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.

E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.

F.Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects

G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.

【答案】16．F；17．E；18．C；19．A；20．G

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文；七選五；人生百味類

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了作家如何學(xué)會(huì)與嫉妒共存，并將其影響降至最低的一些建議。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。

16．根據(jù)空前"Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow."嫉妒是人類的一種自然情感，而我們作家卻經(jīng)常遭受嫉妒的折磨。但如果我們?cè)试S，我們的嫉妒會(huì)吞噬我們的內(nèi)心，把我們?cè)?jīng)喜歡（寫(xiě)）的東西變成我們現(xiàn)在討厭的東西。說(shuō)明嫉妒對(duì)作家不利，F(xiàn).Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects"因此，我們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)會(huì)與之共存，并將其影響降至最低？"與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，因?yàn)榧刀蕦?duì)作家不利，所以作家們要學(xué)會(huì)怎樣與之共存。故選F。

17．根據(jù)空前"AlthoughI'mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose."盡管我很樂(lè)意兌現(xiàn)出版商寄給我的任何支票，但這不是我的目的。說(shuō)明的目的不是為了兌現(xiàn)支票，E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward."我寫(xiě)作不是為了金錢上的回報(bào)，而是為了情感上的回報(bào)。"承接上文，說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作的目的不是為了錢而是情感。故選E。

18．根據(jù)空前"I'velongkeptablurb(簡(jiǎn)介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI'maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia."我一直保存著一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)介文件，里面列出了評(píng)論者對(duì)我工作的正面評(píng)價(jià)。當(dāng)需要推廣我的作品時(shí)，我會(huì)使用這些簡(jiǎn)介。當(dāng)我需要提醒自己我是一個(gè)很好的作家時(shí)，我也會(huì)讀一遍。我把人們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上對(duì)我作品的正面評(píng)價(jià)截屏。說(shuō)明使用簡(jiǎn)介來(lái)列出對(duì)其正面評(píng)價(jià)，以推廣作品，也用來(lái)提醒自己是個(gè)很好的作家。C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved."使用簡(jiǎn)介讓我感到滿足和寬慰。"承接上文，總結(jié)使用簡(jiǎn)介使感到愉悅。故選C。

19．根據(jù)空后"Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse."因此，有時(shí)遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體可能會(huì)幫助你減少嫉妒的機(jī)會(huì)。生活在真實(shí)而非虛擬的世界中會(huì)提醒你，你的寫(xiě)作生涯是關(guān)于你自己的，而不是關(guān)于任何人的。建議作家要遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體，減少嫉妒。A.Cutdownonsocialmedia."減少使用社交媒體。"概括了本段主題：遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體。故選A。

20．根據(jù)空前"Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon'tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit'sfunandrelaxingDothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon'tfeelguiltyaboutit."你應(yīng)該記住，你的生活中有比你的寫(xiě)作事業(yè)更多的事情。希望你有愛(ài)你的朋友和家人?；c(diǎn)時(shí)間和他們?cè)谝黄稹Ｄ阌惺裁磁c寫(xiě)作無(wú)關(guān)的愛(ài)好嗎？你做這些僅僅是因?yàn)橛腥ず头潘?？這樣做一段時(shí)間。休息幾天，不要為此感到內(nèi)疚。建議作家要關(guān)注除寫(xiě)作以外其他的事情，如為了好玩和放松，陪陪朋友和家人，做做其他愛(ài)好的事情。G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting."給自己的精神和情感充電反過(guò)來(lái)對(duì)你的寫(xiě)作也有好處。"承接上文，說(shuō)明為了樂(lè)趣和放松，要做一些與寫(xiě)作無(wú)關(guān)的事情，因?yàn)橛幸嬗趯?xiě)作。故選G。

三、完形填空(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn'tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesandstructureaplot(情節(jié)).Thosewereall21．.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicemailinafewdayssayingthatitwas22．a(chǎn)ndthatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.

23．,andratherquickly,thebookwas24．byeverypublisherinNewYork.IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas25．:ofcourse,butIknewbetterthantogiveup—writingwasn'taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn'tmy26．in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbacktowork.

Butthisscenario(劇情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn't27．.Stillmyfather'sfaithinmeneverwavered(動(dòng)搖),evenifIworkedahostofotherjobs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand28．tomywritinglife.Some,likesellingoverpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture29．.Andtheywere—becauseitfinally30．.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!

IcompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMaxwell'swords:"Successfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesbutintheir31．toreachtheirpotential."Life'snot32．.Itneverwas,itisn'tnow,anditwon'teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)33．.Youarenot.Getoveritand34．withit.Andyes,mostthingsaremore35．whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.

21．A．factsB．messagesC．meaningsD．details

22．A．practicalB．complexC．wonderfulD．puzzling

23．A．ButB．InsteadC．ThereforeD．Regardless

24．A．rejectedB．a(chǎn)cceptedC．a(chǎn)busedD．commended

25．A．depressedB．a(chǎn)mazedC．frightenedD．pleased

26．A．cardB．ticketC．penD．bill

27．A．writeB．buyC．workD．sell

28．A．unearthedB．taughtC．ledD．contributed

29．A．livesB．decisionsC．storiesD．jobs

30．A．happenedB．failedC．madeD．passed

31．A．requestB．orderC．recommendationD．desire

32．A．sadB．a(chǎn)nxiousC．hardD．easy

33．A．a(chǎn)thleteB．loserC．ownerD．winner

34．A．makeupB．getalongC．giveoutD．passaway

35．A．challengeB．demandingC．rewardingD．paying

【答案】21．D；22．C；23．B；24．A；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．D；33．B；34．B；35．C

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】故事閱讀類；記敘文

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了想成為一名作家，但他寫(xiě)的書(shū)賣不出去，他沒(méi)有放棄，不斷努力，最終獲得了成功，成功賣出自己的書(shū)。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，連詞，固定短語(yǔ)等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)