2017年4月全國(guó)自考《現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)》考前試題和答案00830一、Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)第1題“Ilikethisshirtverymuch.”has____arguments.()

A.one

B.two

C.three

D.four【正確答案】B

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第2題Intheclassicsemantictriangle,thesymbolorformreferstothelinguisticelements,i.e.,____.()

A.thingsandreferent

B.thoughtandreference

C.viewsandideas

D.wordsandphrases【正確答案】D

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第3題Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe____propertiesofthestreamofsoundswhicha

speakerissues.()

A.oral

B.mental

C.physical

D.recorded【正確答案】C

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第4題Senseandreferencearetworelated____differentaspectsofmeaning.()

A.but

B.and

C.or

D.aswellas【正確答案】A

【你的答案】我自考網(wǎng)【QQ905363546】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第5題Thesuperordinatetermofthegroupofwords“l(fā)ove,anger,happiness,sadness,fear,

emotion”is____.()

A.fear

B.anger

C.love

D.emotion【正確答案】D

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第6題Proponentsof____learningtheorysuggestedthatachild’sverbalbehaviourwasconditionedthroughassociationbetweenastimulusandthefollowingresponse.()

A.biological

B.naturalist

C.behaviorist

D.nativist【正確答案】C

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第7題Inthesentence“Heputforwardastrongargumentforit.”theword“strong”and“argument”areinarelation.()

A.synchronic

B.paradigmatic

C.syntagmatic

D.diachronic【正確答案】C

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第8題Asregardstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought,thosewhoholdthatthinkingandspeakingarethesameactivityaresaidtobe()

A.empiricists

B.behaviorists

C.mentalists

D.structuralists【正確答案】C

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第9題Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare().

A.antonyms

B.hyponyms

C.synonyms

D.homophones【正確答案】A

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分第10題Whenawordisemployedasamediumofthinkingbymeansofitsconceptualizingsystem,wesayitisusedforcommunication.()

A.intrapersonal

B.interpersonal

C.individual

D.textual【正確答案】A

二、Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochange第1題Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalleds___features.

【正確答案】suprasegmental

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第2題Insemanticanalysis,p___istheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.

【正確答案】prediction

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第3題Children’slanguagedevelopmentstartsfromthep___cooingandbabblingstage.

【正確答案】prelinguistic

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第4題Thepreschoolyearsareac___periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.

【正確答案】crucial

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第5題Thereareoccasionswhenonecanthinkwithoutl___,justasonemayspeakwithoutthinking.

【正確答案】language

【你的答案】我自考網(wǎng)【QQ905363546】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第6題Languageisp___inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

【正確答案】productive

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第7題Ana___isalogicalparticipantinthepredicationanalysis,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement(s)inasentence.

【正確答案】argument

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第8題Evidenceinsupportofl___forlanguageinthelefthemispherecomesfromresearchesindichoticlisteningtest.?

【正確答案】lateralization

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第9題Inad___listeningtest,stimuliheardinthelefteararereportedlessaccuratelythanthoseheardintherightear.Thisphenomenonisknownastherightearadvantage.

【正確答案】dichotic

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)1分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第10題c___languageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.

【正確答案】creole

【你的答案】三、Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyou第1題()Thelanguagesystemprovidesallspecificsofone’sworldview.

【正確答案】F(No,itdoesnot.)

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第2題()Freemorphemesarethesameasboundmorphemes.

【正確答案】F(Freemorphemesareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselves.)

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第3題()InEnglishandmanyotherlanguages,thesubjectusuallyfollowstheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyprecedestheverb.

【正確答案】F(Theverbfollowsthesubject.)

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第4題()Therightearadvantageshowsthattherightearismoresensitivetosignals,bothlinguisticandnon?linguistic,thantheleftear.

【正確答案】F(Itpassessignalstothelefthemisphere.)

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第5題()Theangulargyrusissupposedtobecrucialforcommandingofthesyntaxsystemofone’slanguage.

【正確答案】F(Theangulargyrusisnot.)?

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第6題()Linguisticperformanceisessentiallyasocialphenomenonbutnotacontextdependentbehavior.

【正確答案】T

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第7題()Oneadvantageofcomponentialanalysisisthatbyspecifyingthesemanticfeaturesofcertainwords,itwillbepossibletoshowhowthesewordsarerelatedincollocation.

【正確答案】F(Itwillnotbepossible.)?

【你的答案】我自考網(wǎng)【QQ905363546】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第8題()Thegreatestsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundintheoralcavity.

【正確答案】T?

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第9題()TheerroranalysisapproachshowsthattherearestrikingsimilaritiesinthewaysinwhichdifferentL2learnersacquireanewlanguage.

【正確答案】T?

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)2分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第10題()Themostdramaticmorphologicallossconcernsthelossofgendermarkingsonly.

【正確答案】F(Themostdramaticlossconcernsthelossofaffixes.)?

【你的答案】四、Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)第1題subvocalspeech

【正確答案】Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedasindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts,wherelanguageandthoughtareconsistentwitheachotherandoneneveroccurswithouttheother.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech”,andspeechas“overtthought”.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第2題antonymy

【正確答案】Thetermantonymyisusedforoppositenessofmeaningbetweenlexicalitems,suchasthemeaningsbetweenhotandcold,sadandhappy.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第3題blending

【正確答案】Blendingisaprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.Forexample,smog—smoke+fog,motel—motor+hotel.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第4題apocope

【正確答案】

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第5題hapology

【正確答案】Hapologyreferstothelossofoneoftwophoneticallysimilarsyllablesinsequence.Forexample,theOldEnglishword“Engla?land”(thelandofAngles)cametobepronounced“England”throughtheassimilationof“l(fā)a?la”sounds.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第6題morphology

【正確答案】Morphologyisabranchofgrammarthatstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.Whatitstudiesincludesmorphemes,allomorphs,roots,affixesetc.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第7題epenthesis

【正確答案】InthelinguisticchangeofEnglish,achangethatinvolvestheinsertionofaconsonantoravowelsoundtothemiddleofawordisknownasepenthesis.BelowaresomeexamplesofEnglishepenthesis.TheunderlinedsoundsareepenthesisinmodernEnglish.spinle→spindleemty→emptyglimse→glimpsetimer→timber

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第8題semanticbroadening

【正確答案】Semanticbroadeningreferstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordbecomesmoregeneralorinclusivethanitshistoricallyearlierdenotation.Forexample,theoldermeaningof“aunt”wasfather’ssister,butitsmodernreferentcanalsobemother’ssister.Theword“holiday”wasoriginallyusedtomeanadayofreligioussignificancebecauseitwasa“holyday”.Todayitsmeaningisbroadenedtorefertoanydayonwhichpeopledon’thavetowork.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第9題standardlanguage

【正確答案】Thestandardlanguageisasupposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassmedia,andtaughtineducationalinstitutions,includingschoolsettingswherethelanguageistaughtasaforeignorsecondlanguage.Forexample,thecommonspeechoftheChineselanguageandKing’sEnglishinBritain.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)3分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第10題componentialanalysis

【正確答案】Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Theapproachisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.Thisisparalleltothewayaphonemeisanalyzedintosmallercomponentscalleddistinctivefeatures.Plusandminussignsareusedtoindicatewhetheracertainsemanticfeatureispresentorabsentinthemeaningofawordandthesefeaturesymbolsareusuallywrittenincapitalizedletters.Forexample,theword“man”isanalyzedasconsistingthesemanticfeaturesof+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.Thefeaturesof“girl”canberepresentedas+HUMAN,-ADULT,-MALE.?

【你的答案】五、Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)第1題Whatdolangueandparolemeanrespectively?

【正確答案】AccordingtoF·deSaussure,languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby;itisabstract.Paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;itisconcrete.

【你的答案】

本題分?jǐn)?shù)10分你的得分修改分?jǐn)?shù)第2題Whyislanguagedefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunic