2011年北京科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解PARTIGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY|60min|(1×30=30POINTS)Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedА,В,C,D.Pleasechoosethecorrectanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersontheanswersheet.1．Thedayispastwhenthecountrycanaffordtogivehighschooldiplomatoallwho_____sixyearsofinstruction.A.setaboutB.runforC.sitthroughD.makefor【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：國家能夠?qū)⒏咧形膽{授予完成了六年指導(dǎo)的人的日子已經(jīng)過去了。sitthrough一直到結(jié)束。setabout著手開始做……。runfor競選。makefor導(dǎo)致。因此，本題的正確答案為C。2．Andersonheldouthisarmsto_____theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.A.turnoffB.wardoffC.triggeroffD.calloff【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：安德森伸出雙臂想要擋住攻擊，但鯊魚咬住了他的右前臂潛了下去。wardoff擋住。turnoff關(guān)閉。triggeroff引起。calloff取消。因此，本題的正確答案為B。3．Smallchildrenareoften_____tonightmaresafterhearingghoststoriesinthedark.A.definiteB.perceptibleC.incipientD.susceptible【答案】D查看答案【解析】在黑暗中聽了鬼故事以后，小孩子們經(jīng)常容易被噩夢影響。susceptible易受影響的。definite一定的。perceptible可察覺的。incipient初始的。因此，本題的正確答案為D。4．Automationthreatensmankindwithanincreasednumberof_____hours.A.meagerB.complexC.idleD.active【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：自動(dòng)化以逐漸增加的閑暇時(shí)間威脅了人類。idle無所事事的。meager貧乏的。complex復(fù)雜的。active活躍的。因此，本題的正確答案為C。5．Itwouldbe_____theirhospitalitytoacceptanymorefromthem.A.tramplingonB.treadingonC.trespassingonD.tryingon【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果再從他們那里接受什么的話，就是侵犯他們的好意了。trespasson侵犯。trampleon踐踏。treadon踩踏。二者意思相近，可互相替換。tryon試穿。因此，本題的正確答案為C。6．Wedonotmeantobedisrespectfulwhenwerefusedtofollowtheadviceofour_____leader.A.venerableB.respectfulC.graciousD.famous【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我們沒有聽從我們尊敬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的建議并不意味著我們不尊重他。venerable值得尊敬的。respectful恭敬的。gracious高尚的。famous著名的。因此，本題的正確答案為A。7．Asafetyanalysis_____thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.A.wouldidentifyB.willidentifyC.willhaveidentifiedD.wouldhaveidentified【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：安全分析本可以確認(rèn)目標(biāo)是潛在危險(xiǎn)的。但不幸的是，它沒能確認(rèn)。本句為過去時(shí)，同時(shí)是對過去的與事實(shí)相反的虛擬，應(yīng)當(dāng)用完成時(shí)。因此，本題的正確答案為D。8．Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan_____intraditionalmedia.A.existВ.existsC.existingD.toexist【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：這些提議力圖在數(shù)字信息的使用和復(fù)制上設(shè)置比傳統(tǒng)媒介上更大的限制。此處為省略了which的定語從句，than的后面省略了成分“thoserestrictionswhich”，若將成分補(bǔ)充完整，即可根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)得知which后應(yīng)接exist。因此，本題的正確答案為A。9．Despitethefactthatovertimetheoriginallyantagonisticresponsetohissculpturehaslessened,tothisday,hardlyanyindividuals_____hisart.A.evaluateB.applaudC.denounceD.ignore【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：盡管隨著時(shí)間推移，原本對他的雕塑作品的惡語相向已經(jīng)逐漸減少，但至今幾乎沒人贊賞他的藝術(shù)。applaud稱贊。evaluate評價(jià)。denounce譴責(zé)。ignore忽略。因此，本題的正確答案為B。10．TheshortcomingsofMr.Brooks’analysisare_____hisclarityinexplainingfinancialcomplexity.A.alleviatedbyB.offsetbyC.magnifiedbyD.demonstratedby【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：布魯克斯先生的分析的缺點(diǎn)被他對經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)雜性的清晰解釋抵消了。offsetby被……抵消。alleviatedby減輕。magnifiedby放大。demonstratedby證明。因此，本題的正確答案為B。11．GiventheevidenceofEgyptianandBabylonian_____laterGreekcivilization,itwouldbeincorrecttoviewtheworkofGreekscientistsasanentirelyindependentcreation.A.imitationofB.ambivalenceaboutC.disdainforD.influenceon【答案】D查看答案【解析】有證據(jù)表明埃及文明、巴比倫文明對之后出現(xiàn)的希臘文明有影響，這種情況下，把希臘科學(xué)家的成果看作是完全獨(dú)立的創(chuàng)造這一觀點(diǎn)便是錯(cuò)誤的。influenceon影響。imitationof模仿。ambivalenceabout矛盾情緒。disdainfor蔑視。因此，本題的正確答案為D。12．Anylanguageisaconspiracyagainstexperienceinthesensethatitisacollectiveattemptto_____experiencebyreducingitintodiscreteparcels.A.transcribeB.complicateC.manageD.amplify【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：任何語言都是一個(gè)反經(jīng)驗(yàn)的陰謀，因?yàn)槿魏握Z言的使用群體都試圖將人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)簡化分割成相互獨(dú)立的部分，以達(dá)到對它們的操縱和控制。manage控制。transcribe轉(zhuǎn)錄。complicate使……復(fù)雜化。amplify擴(kuò)大。因此，本題的正確答案為C。13．Thoughscienceisoftenimaginedasadisinterestedexplorationofexternalreality,scientistsarenodifferentfromanyoneelse:theyare_____humanbeingsenmeshedinawebofpersonalandsocialcircumstances.A.vulnerableB.rationalC.carelessD.passionate【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：雖然科學(xué)經(jīng)常被想象成對于客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的公正探索，但科學(xué)家們和其他人沒什么不同：他們也是陷在人際社會(huì)圈子里的、會(huì)感情用事的人類。passionate充滿激情的。與disinterested含義相反。vulnerable易受傷害的。rational理性的。careless粗心的。因此，本題的正確答案為D。14．NotuntilKentucky’sMammothCavehadbeencompletelyexploredin1972_____.A.whenwasitsfullextentrealizedB.thatitsfullextentwasrealizedC.wasitsfullextentrealizedD.therealizationofitsfullextent【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：直到1972年肯塔基州的猛犸象洞被完整探索后，洞內(nèi)的全部內(nèi)容才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。Notuntil置于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)倒裝。未倒裝前的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itisnotuntil...that...”。因此，本題的正確答案為C。15．Youshouldhaveknownbetterthan_____yourlittlesisterathomeherself.A.toleaveB.leaveC.leavingD.tohaveleft【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：你應(yīng)該知道你不該把小妹妹一個(gè)人留在家里?！皌oknowbetterthantodosth.”為固定搭配，意為“應(yīng)該知道不該做某事”。因此，本題的正確答案為A。16．Icannotconcentrateonmyworkwiththeprospectofthecourtease_____me.A.hangingonB.hangingoverC.hangingupD.hangingonto【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：由于有來自法院的威脅的前景，我沒辦法專注于我的工作。hangover威脅。hangon堅(jiān)持下去。hangup拖延。hangonto緊握。因此，本題的正確答案為B。17．Thefantasticachievementsofmoderntechnologyandthespeedatwhichscientificdiscoveriesaretranslatedintotechnologicalapplications_____thetriumphofhumanendeavor.A.facilitateB.leadtoC.attesttoD.herald【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的出色成就和科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)應(yīng)用的速度證明了人類努力的成功。attestto證明。facilitate促進(jìn)。leadto導(dǎo)致。herald預(yù)兆。因此，本題的正確答案為C。18．ThenewconflictbetweenManandNatureismoredangerousthanthetraditionalonebetweenmanandhisfellowman,_____theprotagonistsatleastsharedacommonlanguage.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：人與自然之間出現(xiàn)的新矛盾比傳統(tǒng)的人與人之間的矛盾更危險(xiǎn)。在后面這種情況下，人們之間至少還能語言相通。where相當(dāng)于inwhich，表示“在這種狀況下”。因此，本題的正確答案為A。19．Evenifautomakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunonalternativefuels,thecarswon’tcatchoninaway_____driverscanfillthemupatthegasstation.A.ifВ.whenC.unlessD.because【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：即使汽車制造商改造商業(yè)生產(chǎn)的汽車，使之能用替代燃料運(yùn)行，某種程度上這樣的車也不會(huì)流行起來，除非司機(jī)們能在加油站給車添加這種燃料。此處根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，并根據(jù)前后轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可判斷此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用unless。因此，本題的正確答案為C。20．Havingbeenisolatedonaremoteisland,withlittlework_____them,thesoldierssufferedfromboredomandlowspirits.A.occupyingB.tooccupyC.occupiedD.occupy【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：被隔離在偏遠(yuǎn)的小島上，無事可做，士兵們被無聊和情緒低落所折磨。occupysb.with意為“忙于……”，因此此處應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)?！皐ithsthtodo”表示未完成。因此，本題的正確答案為B。21．Aninstitutionconcernedaboutitsreputationisatthemercyoftheactionsofitsmembers,becausethemisdeedsofindividualsareoftenusedto_____theinstitutionsofwhichtheyareapart.A.coerceB.honorC.discreditD.intimidate【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：關(guān)注名譽(yù)的機(jī)構(gòu)取決于其成員行為，因?yàn)閭€(gè)人的不端行為會(huì)被用來敗壞他們所在的機(jī)構(gòu)的名譽(yù)。discredit敗壞名聲。coerce強(qiáng)制。honor尊敬。intimidate恐嚇。因此，本題的正確答案為C。22．Thenewbornhumaninfantisnotapassivefigure,noranactiveone,butwhatmightbecalledanactivelyreceptiveone,eagerlyattentive_____itistosightsandsounds.A.asB.whatC.thatD.which【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：新出生的人類嬰兒不是被動(dòng)的個(gè)體，也不是主動(dòng)的個(gè)體，而是所謂的主動(dòng)接受者，他們表現(xiàn)出對光和聲音的急切關(guān)注。asitis為固定搭配，意為“實(shí)際上”。因此，本題的正確答案為A。23．Forhim_____,whatisessentialisnotthatpolicyworks,butthatthepublicbelievethatitdoes.A.beingre-electedB.tobere-electedC.re-electedD.toreflect【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：對于要參與重新選舉的他來說，重要的不是政策是否有效，而是讓公眾相信政策有效。tobere-elected為不定式，修飾him，表示“他要參與重新選舉”。因此，本題的正確答案為B。24．Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetime_____takestheEarthtocompleteone.A.whenB.itC.thatD.which【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：水星的速度比地球快得多，地球繞太陽一周所用時(shí)間足夠水星繞太陽運(yùn)行四周多。此處句子原本結(jié)構(gòu)為“IttakestheEarth+（thetime）+tocompleteone”，it為形式主語。因此，本題的正確答案為B。25．Themotherwould_____hersondoinghismusicpracticeifhecouldfinishhisassignmentbeforesupper.A.letdownB.letaloneC.letoffD.letout【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果兒子能在晚飯前完成任務(wù)，媽媽就準(zhǔn)許他暫停音樂練習(xí)。letoff準(zhǔn)許……暫停工作。letdown使……失望。letalone更不用說。letout放出。因此，本題的正確答案為C。26．Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan’thelpbut_____yourshoeswet.A.gettingB.getC.togetD.got【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：當(dāng)街道上全是融化的雪時(shí)，你無法避免弄濕你的鞋。can’thelpbut為固定搭配，意為“不得不”，后接不帶to的不定式。因此，本題的正確答案為B。27．Shecouldsingthesesongs_____amoment’snoticewhenevershewasasked.A.withB.toC.onD.at【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：她能隨時(shí)在被要求的時(shí)候唱這些歌。atamoment’snotice為固定搭配，意為“隨時(shí)”。因此，本題的正確答案為D。28．Aswesee_____politicalandnationalmovements,languageisusedasabadgeorbarrierdependingonwhichwaywelookatit.A.inaspectsofB.inviewofC.inconsiderationofD.inrelationto【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：就像我們看到的那樣，在政治民族運(yùn)動(dòng)方面，語言被用作徽章或是屏障，這取決于我們怎么看待。inaspectsof在……方面。inviewof鑒于。inconsiderationof鑒于。二者可互換。inrelationto和……有關(guān)。因此，本題的正確答案為A。29．Theemergenceofmassliteracycoincidedwiththefirstindustrialrevolution;_____thenewexpansioninliteracy,aswellascheaperprinting,helpedtonurturetheriseofpopularliterature.A.asaresultB.inturnC.thereforeD.inotherwords【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：大眾文學(xué)出現(xiàn)在第一次工業(yè)革命時(shí)期；反過來，這次文學(xué)領(lǐng)域新的擴(kuò)展和成本更低的印刷一同滋養(yǎng)了流行文化的出現(xiàn)。inturn反過來。asaresult結(jié)果。therefore因此。inotherwords換句話說。因此，本題的正確答案為B。30．Thenotionthataparasitecanalterthebehaviorofahostorganismisnotmerefiction;indeed,thephenomenonisnoteven_____.A.realВ.comprehendedC.rareD.observable【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：寄生蟲能改變宿主行為的說法并非單純的幻想；實(shí)際上，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象并不罕見。rare稀少的。real真實(shí)的。comprehended理解的。observable看得到的。因此，本題的正確答案為C。PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION|60Min|(40POINTS)SectionOneMultipleChoice(2x10=20points)Directions:Inthissectiontherearetworeadingpassagesfollowedbymultiplechoicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmurkyouranswersonyouranswersheet.PassageAOnAug.14,2007acomputerhackernamedVirgilGirlishunleashedacleverlittleprogramontotheInternetthathedubbedWikiScanner.It’sasimpleapplicationthattrollsthroughtherecordsofWikipedia,thepubliclyeditableWeb-basedencyclopedia,andchecksonwhoismakingchangestowhichentries.Sometimesit’speoplewhoshouldn’tbe.Fогexample,WikiScannerturnedupevidencethatsomebodyfromWal-MarthadpunchedupWal-Mart’sWikipediaentry.Badretailgiant.WikiScannerisajollylittlegameofInternet,butit’sreallyaboutsomethingmore:agrowingpopularirritationwiththeInternetingeneral.TheNethasanarehyinitsDNA;it’salwaysbeenaboutanonymity,playingwithyourownidentityandmessingwithotherpeople’sheads.Theidea,suchasitwas,seemstohavebeenthattheInternetwouldfreeusoftheburdenofourpublicidentitiessowecouldbeourtrue,authenticselvesonline.Exceptitturnsoutwhocould’veseenthiscoming?—thatourtrue,authenticselvesaren’tthatfantastic.Thegreatexperimentprovedthatsomeofusarewonderfulandinterestingbutthatalotofusarehackersandprankstersandhucksters,whichisonewayofexplainingtheextraordinaryappealofFacebook.Facebookisa“socialnetwork”:awebsiteforkeepingtrackofyourfriendsandsendingthemmessagesandsharingphotosanddoingallthoseotherthingsthatagoodlittleWeb2.0companyissupposedtohelpyoudo.ItwasstartedbyHarvardstudentsin2004asatoolformeetingatleastdiscreetlyogling—otherHarvardstudents,anditstillhasareputationasahangoutforteenagersandtheteenaged-at-heart,whichisironicbecauseFacebookisreallyaboutmakingtheWebgrowup.WhereasGoogleisabrillianttechnologicalhack,Facebookisprimarilyafeatofsocialengineering.(Itwouldn’tbeabadideaforGoogletoacquireFacebook,thewayitsnaffledYouTube,butit’salmostcertainlytoolateinthedayforthat.Yahoo!offeredabillionforFacebooklastyearandwasrebuffed.)Facebook’sappealisbothobviousandrathersubtle.It’sawebsite,butinasense,it’sanotherversionoftheInternetitself:aNetwithinaNet,onethat’severythingthelargerNetisnot.Facebookiscleanlydesignedandhasaclassy,upmarketfeeltoit—awhiffoftheIvyLeaguestillclings.PeopletendtousetheirrealnamesonFacebook.Theyalsodeclaretheirsex,age,whereabouts,romanticstatusandinstitutionalaffiliations.IdentityisnotaperformanceoratoyonFacebook:itisafixedandorderlyfact.Nobodydoesanythingsecretly:anewsfeedconstantlyupdatesyourfriendsonyouractivities.OnFacebook,everybodyknowsyou’readog.Maybethat’swhyFacebook’sfastest-growingdemographicconsistsofpeople35orolder:they’rerefugeesfromtheuncouthwiderWeb.Everycommunitymustnegotiatetheimperativesofindividualfreedomandcollectivesocialorder,andFacebookconstitutesacriticalrebalancingoftheInternet’sfoundingvisionofunfetteredelectronicliberty.Ofcourse,itispossibletomisbehaveonFacebook—it’sjustself-defeating.UnliketheInternet,Facebookisstructuredaroundanopt-inphilosophy;peoplehavetoconsenttohavecontactwithorevenseeothersonthenetwork.Ifyou’reannoyingfolks,you’llessentiallyceasetoexist,asthoseyouannoydropyouoffthegrid.Facebookhastakenstepsthisyeartoexpanditsfunctionalitybyallowingoutsidedeveloperstocreateapplicationsthatintegratewithitspages,whichbringswithitexpandedopportunitiesforabuse.NodoubtGriffithishardatworkonFacebookScanner.Butithasalsohungondoggedlytoitscoreinsight:thatthemostimportantfunctionofasocialnetworkisconnectingpeopleandthatitssecondmostimportantfunctioniskeepingthemapart.1．WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutWikiScanner?A.ItcanchangeorrevisesomeentriesofWikipedia.B.ItcantracetheoriginofsomeinformationontheInternet.C.Itexpressespeople’sirritationwiththeInternet.D.Itrevealspeople’srealselvesontheInternet.2．TheadvantagesofFacebookaremainlypresentedbycomparingthedifferencesbetweenFacebookand_____A.WikiScanner.B.Google.C.theInternet.D.FacebookScanner3．WhatdoesthelastsentenceofParagraphFourreallymean?A.YouarelookeddownuponbypeopleonFacebook.B.IfyoumisbehaveonFacebook,everybodywillknow.C.YoucanpretendtobeadogonFacebook.D.EverybodyknowswhoyouareonFacebook.4．WhatisFacebook’srealappealaccordingtothepassage?A.Onlywell-educatedpeoplecanbeallowedtoregister.B.PeoplecandosomethingdifferentfromwhattheydoontheInternet.C.Itiscleanlydesignedandhasverypowerfulanddiverseuses.D.Itsrealnameregistrationsystemmakesitdifficulttomisbehave.5．IfyoumisbehaveonFacebook,youwillbe_____A.forbiddentouseFacebookforever.B.criticizedbyotherpeopleonFacebook.C.droppedoutofotherpeople’slistsoffriends.D.cutnetworkconnections.【答案與解析】1．A 原文第一段第二句說WikiScanner這個(gè)程序的功能是“trollsthroughtherecordsofWikipedia...andchecksonwhoismakingchangestowhichentries”。WikiScanner的功能是檢測誰修改了詞條，但它本身并不具備修改詞條的功能。故選A。2．C 原文第二段主要說明了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一些特點(diǎn)（混亂性、匿名性等），而根據(jù)該段最后一句可知，正因如此才凸顯了Facebook的非凡吸引力。同時(shí)在文章最后一段也提到了Facebook不同于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的地方。因此Facebook的優(yōu)點(diǎn)主要由和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的對比凸顯。故選C。3．D 原文第四段的主題是Facebook的特點(diǎn)——真實(shí)性，人們在Facebook上使用真實(shí)信息，而不像在廣義的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上一樣隱藏自己。“OnFacebook,everybodyknowsyou’readog.”是一個(gè)暗喻，意味著在Facebook上人們都知道你的真實(shí)身份。故選D。4．B 原文第四段第三句提到，F(xiàn)acebook是另一個(gè)版本的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，是“網(wǎng)中之網(wǎng)”，但又與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不同——在這里人們使用的是自己的真實(shí)身份，什么都不是秘密。而這就是Facebook吸引人的地方。因此Facebook真正的吸引力在于和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的不同。故選B。5．C 原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“Ifyou’reannoyingfolks,you’llessentiallyceasetoexist,asthoseyouannoydropyouoffthegrid”，如果你在Facebook上表現(xiàn)不端，你最終將會(huì)被迫脫離這個(gè)群體，即無法再與別人成為朋友。故選C。PassageBClancyMartinknowsalotaboutlying.He’snowanassociateprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofMissouri,KansasCity,specializingin19th-and20th-centurycontinentalphilosophyandbusinessethics,andhewrotehisdissertationondeception.Buthereallylearnedhowtolieinhisyouth,whenhewasacrackerjackjewelrysalesman.Notasgoodashisbrother,perhaps,butgoodenoughtoturnafakeRolexintotherealthing.“Idomissit,”Martinadmits.“Imissthatfeelingofbeingontheedge.Saywhatyouwill,thereissomethingfunaboutdeceivingpeople.”TalkingtoMartinaboutdeceptioncanbeunnerving.Hisvoice,sweetenedwithsincerity,hasthecompulsivetonesofaconvert.Sincerepeoplemakegoodsalesmen.SowhattomakeofClancyMarlin—amanwhowantstosellhisdebutnovelwhilereclaiminghissoul?Whenhewasyoung,sellingwassimple—amatterofgettingacustomertobuyintohisfictions.“Hewasaverygiftedliar.”sayshisbrotherandformerbusinesspartner,Darren.Thaimuchisstilltrue,asMartin’snovel,HowtoSell,makesclear.HowtoSellisoutrageous,theatricalandslickerthanoil.IttellsthetaleofBobbyClark,ahigh-schooldropoutwhojoinshisolderbrotheratajewelryshopinTexas.It’safestivalofdrugs,diamondsandsex.Prostitution,asaleswomanturnedhookersuggestsatonepoint,isamorehonestkindoflivingthanthejewelrytrade(atleastinthisbook).“WithwhatIdonow,”shetellsBobby,“1sleepswellatnight.”MartinwasborninToronto,in1967.Likehisprotagonist,helefthighschool,movedtoTexasandgotajobatthejewelrystorewherehisbrotherworked.“Iwouldsaythat,unfortunately,mostofthebookislifteddirectlyfrommylifewithsomeexaggerationandlotsofomission,”saysMartincheerfully.Forayoungman,thelifehadakindofrecklessglamour.“Youselladiamond,andbooing,”hesays.ButMartinwasalittledifferentfrommostemployees.Heread,forexample.JustasBobbyrimsonaJorgeLuisBorgesstorytosellabracelet,Martinwovestoriesforcustomersfromtheplotlinesofbooks,andhe’dreadSpinoza’sEthicsbetweenboosandbumpsofcoke.Bobby’spain,too,conicsfromMartin’slife:hiscomplicatedrelationshipswithhisolderbrotherandhischarmingbutcrazyfather,Bill,whowasneverquitefarenoughoutofthepicture.“IthinkalotofClancy’sinterestinself-deceptioncamefromhisinterestinwhohisdadwas”sayshisex-wife,AliciaMartin.Martintriedtosteerhislifeinanotherdirection.Hewenttocollege,begangraduateschoolinphilosophyandmarried.Then,oneday,whenhewasinCopenhagenworkingonapaperonKierkegaard,hisbrothercalledandaskedhimtohelpwiththebusinessplanlordexpandinghisjewelrystore.Suddenly,Martinwasoutofschoolandbackinjewels.Unliketheshopstartedbythebrothersinthenovel,theMartins’jointventurewasclean.Darreninsists.Butthegame,moreorless,wasthesame:theprocessofturningagemfromamassofmatterintoanarrativeofpossibility.InthesevenyearsMartinworkedthere,lifewasneverboring,butitwasn’tmuchofalife.“Ihadallthisexperience,andnosenseofmoralresponsibility.”Martinsays.Hismarriagebrokeup.Hedespaired.Buthebeganwriting,andthatseemedtoofferthepromiseofsomethingworthwhile.Hereturnedtograduateschool.Hewantedtounderstanddeceptionandself-deceptionnotpracticeit.Insofarashecould.Martinremarriedandbecameaprofessor.Inadditiontowritingfiction,hetranslatedNietzscheandhadeditedseveralcollectionsonethics(includingtheforthcomingPhilosophyofDeception),hisnonfictionbookLove,LiesandMarriagecomesoutnextyear.Whenwespoketwomonthsago,hesaidhislifewasnow“incrediblycalmanddomestic”.Hedidnotsaythathewasundergoingoneofthemosttryingperiodsofhislife.WithHowtoSell,Martinhaswrittenagemofastory.Sellingitprobablywon’tbehard.ThebiggerchallengeforMartinmightbetolearnhowtostopselling.6．InMartin’sbook,thejewelrybusinessis_____A.anidealplaceforhighschooldrop-outstostarttheircareer.B.likeapartyinwhicheverybodyenjoystheexcitementandluxury.C.fullofopportunitiesforknowledgeablepeopletoprosper.D.aworldwherepeoplerarelyvaluethevirtueofhonesty.7．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutBobbyClark,theprotagonistofthebookHowtoSell?A.Hemakesuseofwhathehasreadtopromotesale.B.HewasborninTorontoanddroppedoutofhighschool.C.Hehasabrotherwhointroduceshimintothejewelrybusiness.D.Hisrelationshipwithhisfatherisrathercomplicated.8．ItcanNOTbeinferredfromParagraphFiveandSixthat_____A.thesenseofmoralresponsibilityisimportanttomarriage.B.thejewelrybusinesshasgreatappealtoMartin.C.philosophyisamuchlessinterestingsubjectthandeception.D.excitementisnotthemostimportantcomponentoflife.9．Thesentenceinthelastparagraph“ThebiggerchallengeforMartinmightbetolearnhowtostopselling’’impliesthat_____A.onceapersonlearnshowtosell,theskillwillneverbeforgotten.B.ifabookbecomesabest-seller,itisdifficultnottostopsellingit.C.cheatingmightbecomeakindofaddictionthatishardtogetridof.D.booksoncheatingcanalwaysarousepeople’sinterestofpurchase.10．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthecategoryofwritingthispassagebelongsto?A.Abookreviewinanewspaper.B.Anintroductioninajewelrymagazine.C.Anextractfromabiography.D.Ananalysisofdeceptionfromanessay.【答案與解析】6．D 原文第三段描述了Martin書中的珠寶店的世界——“Prostitution...isamorehonestkindoflivingthanthejewelrytrade(atleastinthisbook)”。連妓女行業(yè)都比珠寶業(yè)更誠實(shí)，可見在珠寶行業(yè)幾乎沒人關(guān)注誠實(shí)這一美德。故選D。7．B 原文第三段提到了有關(guān)BobbyClark的一些信息，提到了他高中輟學(xué)，和哥哥在珠寶店工作。第四段提到Bobby運(yùn)用讀過的詩歌來賣手鏈，以及他的痛苦來自他和哥哥和父親的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。但原文只提到Martin是在多倫多出生的，而不是Bobby。故選B。8．C 根據(jù)題意定位至文章第五和第六段。第六段中Martin說他“沒有道德責(zé)任感”后很快提到他離婚的事情。第五段提及Martin在寫論文的時(shí)候接到哥哥的消息后便突然離開學(xué)校回到珠寶業(yè)，據(jù)此可推斷珠寶業(yè)對Martin吸引力很大。同時(shí)第六段中提到Martin工作的七年中“l(fā)ifewasneverboring,butitwasn’tmuchofalife”，由此可知他認(rèn)為生活中僅有刺激是不夠的。但是沒有證據(jù)可以推斷“哲學(xué)比欺騙更無趣”。故選C。9．C 文章第一段提到Martin認(rèn)為“騙人很有意思”，第五段也提到了他本有希望徹底擺脫騙子生活，但哥哥一個(gè)電話就讓他回到了從前的生活。該句表面含義是對于Martin來說，“更大的挑戰(zhàn)是如何停止推銷”，結(jié)合背景可知對于Martin來說欺騙是件令他著迷的事，使他上癮、難以控制。故選C。10．A 本文從第三段開始便圍繞Martin的HowtoSell展開，涉及到該書主人公、故事情節(jié)以及與作者的聯(lián)系，最后一段更是在明確地為小說爭取讀者。綜合判斷，本文是為該書寫的評論性文章。故選A。SectionTwoAnsweringQuestions(4x5=20points)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.UseONLYinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.Questions1to3ThinkofthesolitudefeltbyMarieSmithbeforeshediedearlierthisyearinhernativeAlaska,at89.ShewasthelastpersonwhoknewthelanguageoftheEyakpeopleasamother-tongue.OrimagineNedMandrell,whodiedin1974,hewasthelastnativespeakerofManx,similartoIrishandScotsGaelic.Boththesepeoplehadthecomfortofbeingsurrounded,someofthetime,byenthusiastswhoknewsomethingpreciouswasvanishingandtriedtorecordandlearntheycouldofavanishingtongue.Inremotepartsoftheworld,dozensmorepeopleareonthepointoftakingtotheirgravesasystemofcommunicationthatwillneverberecordedorreconstructed.Doesitmatter?PlentyoflanguagesamongthemAkkadian,Etruscan,TangutandChibcha—havegonethewayofthedodo,withoutcausingmuchtroubletoposterity.ShouldanyonelosesleepoverthefactthatmanytonguesfromManchu(spokeninChina)toHua(Botswana)andGwich’in(Alaska)areindangerofsufferingasimilarfate?Comparedwithgroupswholobbytosaveanimalsortrees,campaignerswholobbytopresencelanguagesarethemselvesararebreed.Buttheyaretryingbothtomitigateandpubliciseanalarmingaccelerationintherateatwhichlanguagesarevanishing.Ofsome6,900tonguesspokenintheworldtoday,some50%to90%couldbegonebytheendofthecentury.InAfrica,atleast300languagesareinnear-termdanger,and200morehavediedrecentlyorareonthevergeofdeath.Some145languagesarethreatenedinEastandSouth-EastAsia.Somelanguages,evenrobustones,faceanobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpowerbentonimposingamajoritytongue.AyoungsterinanypartoftheSovietUnionsoonrealisedthatwhateveryouspokeathome,masteringRussianwasthekeytosuccess.NordidEnglishreachitspresentglobalstatuswithoutruthlesstactics.Inyearspast,Americans,CanadiansandAustralianstooknativechildrenawayfromtheirfamiliestoberaisedatboardingschoolswhereEnglishrules.InalltheCelticfringesoftheBritishIslestherearebittermemoriesofchildrenbeingpunishedforspeakingthewronglanguage.Butinanageofmasscommunications,thethreatstolinguisticdiversityarelessdraconianandmorespontaneous.Parentsstopusingtraditionaltongues,thinkingitwillbebetterfortheirchildrentogrowupusingadominantlanguage(suchasSwahiliinLastAfrica)oraglobalone(suchasEnglishorSpanish).Andevenifparentstrytokeeptheoldspeechalive,theireffortscanbedoomedbyfilmsandcomputergames.Theresultisagrowinglistoftonguesspokenonlybywhite-hairedelders.AbookeditedbyPeterAustin,anAustralianlinguist,givessomeexamples:Njerep,oneof31endangeredlanguagescountedinCameroon,reportedlyhasonlyfourspeakersleft,allover60.ThevalleysoftheCaucasususedtobeaparadiseforlinguistsinsearchofunusualsyntax,butUbykh,oneoftheregion’sbafflingtongues,officiallyexpiredin1992.Theefforttokeeplanguagesalivecanleadtohardarguments,especiallywherelimitedfundsareavailabletospendoneducationandofficialcommunications.InbothAmericaandBritain,somefeelthat,whateverpeoplespeakathome,priorityshouldgotomakingsurethatchildrenknowEnglishwell.Butsupportersoflinguisticdiversitymakestrongargumentstoo.NicholasOstler,ascholarwhoheadstheFoundationforEndangeredLanguages,anon-profitgroupbasedinBritain,saysmultilingualchildrendobetteracademicallythanmonolingualones.Herejectsthenotionthatacommontonguehelpstoavoidwar:thinkofRwanda,BosniaandVietnam.MarkAlber,aCanadianwriter,saystheprotectionofendangeredspeciesiscloselylinkedtothepreservationoftongues.OnarecentexpeditioninAustralia,arareturtlewasfoundtohavetwovarieties;adyingbutrichnativelanguage,Gagudju,haddifferentwordsforeachkind.Thankstoelectronics,savioursoflanguageshavebettertoolsthaneverbefore;wordsandsoundscaneasilybepostedontheInternet,Educationtechniquesareimproving,too.InNewZealandMaori-speakershaveformed“l(fā)anguagenest”,inwhichgrandparentscoachtoddlersintheoldtongue.Australia’sdyingKamilaroilanguagewasboostedbypopsongsteenagersliked.Butwhatevertricksortechnologyareused,theonlytestofalanguage’sviabilityiseverydaylife.“Thewaytosavelanguagesistospeakthem,’’saysMr.Austin.‘‘Peoplehavetotalktopeople”Questions:1．Accordingtothispassage,whathascausedthedisappearanceorvanishingofsomelanguages?2．Doestheelectronicagehaveanyimpactonlanguagediversity?Ifso,whatisit?3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?【答案與解析】1．Politicalpower,parents’influenceandelectronicdevicehaveallcausedthedisappearanceorvanishingofsomelanguage.(根據(jù)題意定位至文章第四、五段。這兩段集中解釋了造成一些語言消失的原因。第四段舉例解釋了政治力量對語言的影響，第五段則闡述了家長方面的原因以及電影與電腦游戲的影響。)2．Yes.Theelectronicthingslikefilmsandcomputergamescaneasilyruintheeffortparentsmaketokeepoldspeechalive,butalsoelectronicshelpsreservetheoldlanguages.(根據(jù)題意定位至文章第五段和最后一段。該段結(jié)尾提到即使家長想要保護(hù)這些古老的語言，他們的努力也可能被電影或電腦游戲毀掉，但同時(shí)電子設(shè)備也成為保護(hù)一些古老語言的工具。由此可推斷電子時(shí)代對古老的語言有影響，即對語言多樣性有影響