2020年考研英語(一)真題SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDontheANSWERSHEET.Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions:theSundayroast.1acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow.Thefoodpolicearedeterminedourhealth.Thatthis3shouldberenderedyetanotherqualitypleasuredamageourhealth.TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has4to5apublicwormingabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscookedpeopleshould6hightemperatures.Thismeansthat7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crusttoasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencepizzasandonly8tosupportsuchalarmistadvice?9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisnoevidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.10Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbut

havenohardscientificproofcouldbearguedthatitis12theprecautionaryprincipleittofollowtheFSAadvice.1314,itwasrumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoproveaDoubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbeSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshire15.16uponpuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?FSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods1718,the,butreducetheirlifetimeintake.Howeveritscrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjustwithonelistening.19riskscominga201.A.InB.TowardsC.OnD.TillC2.A.matchB.expressC.satisfyD.influence

A3.A.patienceB.enjoymentC.surpriseD.concernB4.A.intensifiedB.privilegedC.compelledD.guaranteedA5.A.issuedB.receivedC.compelledD.guaranteedA提交糾錯(cuò)信息評價(jià)難易度提交知識(shí)點(diǎn)6.A.under

B.atC.forD.byB7.A.forgetB.regretC.finishD.avoidD8.A.partiallyB.regularlyC.easilyD.initiallyC9.A.UnlessB.SinceC.IfD.WhileD

10.A.secondaryB.externalC.conclusiveD.negativeC11.A.insufficientB.boundC.likelyD.slowB12.A.OnthebasisofB.AtthecostofC.InadditiontoD.IncontrasttoC13.A.interestingB.advisableC.urgent

D.fortunateB14.A.AsusualB.InparticularC.BydefinitionD.AfterallD15.A.resemblanceB.combinationC.connectionD.patternC16.A.madeB.servedC.savedD.usedB17.A.Tobefair

B.ForinstanceC.TobebriefD.IngeneralA18.A.reluctantlyB.entirelyC.graduallyD.carefullyB19.A.promiseB.experienceC.campaignD.competitionA20.A.followupB.pickupC.openupD.endupD

SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAText1AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin￡220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun

"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.1.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould_____.A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritainB.promotecooperationamongBrainstownsC.increasetheeconomicstrengthofbrainstownsD.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents

D2.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas_____.A.asensiblecompromiseB.aself-deceivingattempC.aneye-catchingbonusD.aninaccessibletargetB3.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit_____.A.endeavortomaintainitsimageB.meetstheaspirationofitspeopleC.bringsitslocalartstoprominenceD.commitstoitslong-termgrowthD4.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent_____.A.acontrastingcaseB.asupportingexampleC.abackgroundstoryD.arelatedtopicB5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?_____

A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.CriticalCText2Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinexistentialcrisis.TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpepersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan￡210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasingly

desperateeffortstochangethem.Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongisusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.InBritainthemovetowarsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchange

forthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.1.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”partlybecause_____.A.itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincreaseB.itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessfulC.itspaymentforpeerreviewisreducedD.itscontentacquisitioncostsnothingD2.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave_____.A.thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibrariesB.gonethroughanexistentialcrisisC.revivedthepublishingindustryD.financedresearchersgenerouslyA3.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?_____A.RelievedB.PuzzledC.ConcernedD.Encouraged

D4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms_____.A.allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoneyB.renderpublishingmucheasierforscientistsC.reducethecostofpublicationsubstantiallyD.freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdensA5.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsthescientificpublishingmode?_____A.TrialsubscriptionisofferedB.LabourtriumphsoveratstusC.CostsarewellcontrolledD.ThefewfeedonthemanyDText3Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure

"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest,becausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.Accordingtoastudyby

Catalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldskirt"phenomenon.Wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.1.TheauthorbelieveshatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwill_____.A.helplittletoreducegenderbias.B.poseathreattothestategovernment.C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics.D.greatlybroadencareeroptions.A

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?_____A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.C3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate_____.A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.D4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto_____.A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole.B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonbards.C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.D.thegrowingtensionbetweenLaborandmanagement.C5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?_____A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.BText4LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata.andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon-inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteStatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanieswhichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.TheFrenchtaxisnotjustunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedof

revenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax).Australia'sMAAL(multinationalantiavoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationataxsystem.France'splannedtaxisaclearwaning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem.othernations

arelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto_____.A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms.B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests.C.imposealevyontechmultinationals.D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising.C2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax_____.A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance.B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad.C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions.D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance.A3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat_____.A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured.B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgradingC.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented.D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights.

B4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thattheOECO'scurrentwork_____.A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies.B.needstobereadjustedimmediately.C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects.D.needstoinvolvemorecountries.C5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?_____A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctionsB.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTaxC.FranceSays"No"toTechMutinationalsD.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomyBPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromtheA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthat

youarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:1Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom."Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.2NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.3Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonofthe

HarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations."Whetheryou'reapoliticianorparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.4Whenwelookatafaceorpicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.5Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues."Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer."Amoredirectfinding

isthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.A.EyefixationsarebriefB.ToomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttorudeC.EyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignalD.PersonalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontactE.BiologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigatedF.MostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangersG.Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive1.C2.E3.G4.A5.DPartC

FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheromanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe7thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.1With(thegapbetween)theChurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweentheMedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.2Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthePtolemaicandAristoteliangeocentricviewthattheearthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheearth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedby

imprisonmentorevendeath.GalileowasexcommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportoftheheliocentricprinciple.3DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtostrong-armthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalist,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmade,andataratethatthepeople-includingtheChurch-couldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.TheChurch'slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.4Asmanytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld.TheRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.5SuchactionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrase"sapereaude"or"daretoknow",afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessay.AnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?Itwasthepurposeand

responsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.1.With(thegapbetween)thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissancethegapbetweenthemedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.由于文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期教會(huì)的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時(shí)期之間的差距得意彌合，導(dǎo)致了新的和未開發(fā)的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。2.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheearthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.每個(gè)啟示出現(xiàn)之前，當(dāng)時(shí)的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點(diǎn)，該觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球是我們宇宙的中心。3.Despiteattemptsbythechuchtosopsuppressthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,moreexplorationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmadeataratethatpeoplecouldnolongerIgnore.盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學(xué)家和理論學(xué)者，但是更多對于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進(jìn)行著。4.Asmanytookdutyoftryingtointegratereasoningscientific

philosophiesintotheworld,theRenaissancewasoveritwastimeforanewera.正當(dāng)很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學(xué)哲理融入到世界時(shí)，文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時(shí)一個(gè)新的時(shí)代到來了。5.SuchactionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrase"sapereaude"or"daretoknow".這些探索知識(shí)并且理解已知信息的行為可以用拉丁文“sapereaude”或英文“daretoknow”描述。SectionⅢWritingPartA1.TheStudentUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformtheinternationalstudentsanupcomingsingingcontest.Writeanoticeinabout100words.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyournameinthenotice.NoticeDec.21,2019Inordertoenrichthecampuslifeandprovidethecolorfullifeforyou,theStudents’Unionispreparingtheupcomingsingingcontest,whichwillbeheldintheauditoriuminouruniversityontheeveningofDecember31,2019.Now,theUnionisrecruitingcontestantsforthiscompetition.

Anyonewhoarefondofsigningorinterestedinthecompetition,pleasesendhisorherapplicationtostudents'union@beforenextWednesday.Besides,therearegenerousawardsingratitudeforthisactivity.Pleasedonothesitatetocontact