材料力學(xué)常用英文詞匯彈性力學(xué)elasticity彈性理論theoryofelasticity均勻應(yīng)力狀態(tài)homogeneousstateofstress應(yīng)力不變量stressinvariant應(yīng)變不變量straininvariant應(yīng)變橢球strainellipsoid均勻應(yīng)變狀態(tài)homogeneousstateofstrain應(yīng)變協(xié)調(diào)方程equationofstraincompatibility拉梅常量Lameconstants各向同性彈性isotropicelasticity旋轉(zhuǎn)圓盤rotatingcirculardisk楔wedge開爾文問題Kelvinproblem布西內(nèi)斯克問題Boussinesqproblem艾里應(yīng)力函數(shù)Airystressfunction克羅索夫--穆斯赫利什維利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvilimethod基爾霍夫假設(shè)Kirchhoffhypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangularplate圓板Circularplate環(huán)板Annularplate波紋板Corrugatedplate加勁板Stiffenedplate,reinforcedPlate中厚板Plateofmoderatethickness彎［曲］應(yīng)力函數(shù)Stressfunctionofbending殼Shell扁殼Shallowshell旋轉(zhuǎn)殼Revolutionaryshell球殼Sphericalshell［圓］柱殼Cylindricalshell錐殼Conicalshell環(huán)殼Toroidalshell封閉殼Closedshell波紋殼Corrugatedshell扭［轉(zhuǎn)］應(yīng)力函數(shù)Stressfunctionoftorsion翹曲函數(shù)Warpingfunction半逆解法semi-inversemethod瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritzmethod松弛法Relaxationmethod萊維法Levymethod松弛Relaxation量綱分析Dimensionalanalysis自相似［性］self-similarity影響面Influencesurface接觸應(yīng)力Contactstress赫茲理論Hertztheory協(xié)調(diào)接觸Conformingcontact滑動接觸Slidingcontact滾動接觸Rollingcontact壓入Indentation各向異性彈性Anisotropicelasticity顆粒材料Granularmaterial散體力學(xué)Mechanicsofgranularmedia熱彈性Thermoelasticity超彈性Hyperelasticity粘彈性Viscoelasticity對應(yīng)原理Correspondenceprinciple褶皺Wrinkle塑性全量理論Totaltheoryofplasticity滑動Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非線性彈性Nonlinearelasticity大撓度Largedeflection突彈跳變snap-through有限變形Finitedeformation格林應(yīng)變Greenstrain阿爾曼西應(yīng)變Almansistrain彈性動力學(xué)Dynamicelasticity運(yùn)動方程Equationofmotion準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)的Quasi-static氣動彈性Aeroelasticity水彈性Hydroelasticity顫振Flutter彈性波Elasticwave簡單波Simplewave柱面波Cylindricalwave水平剪切波Horizontalshearwave豎直剪切波Verticalshearwave體波bodywave無旋波Irrotationalwave畸變波Distortionwave膨脹波Dilatationwave瑞利波Rayleighwave等容波Equivoluminalwave勒夫波Lovewave界面波Interfacialwave邊緣效應(yīng)edgeeffect塑性力學(xué)Plasticity可成形性Formability金屬成形Metalforming耐撞性Crashworthiness結(jié)構(gòu)抗撞毀性Structuralcrashworthiness拉拔Drawing破壞機(jī)構(gòu)Collapsemechanism回彈Springback擠壓Extrusion沖壓Stamping穿透Perforation層裂Spalling塑性理論Theoryofplasticity安定［性］理論Shake-downtheory運(yùn)動安定定理kinematicshake-downtheorem靜力安定定理Staticshake-downtheorem率相關(guān)理論ratedependenttheorem載荷因子loadfactor加載準(zhǔn)貝0Loadingcriterion加載函數(shù)Loadingfunction加載面Loadingsurface塑性加載Plasticloading塑性加載波Plasticloadingwave簡單加載Simpleloading比例加載Proportionalloading卸載Unloading卸載波Unloadingwave沖擊載荷Impulsiveload階躍載荷stepload脈沖載荷pulseload極限載荷limitload中性變載nentralloading拉抻失穩(wěn)instabilityintension加速度波accelerationwave本構(gòu)方程constitutiveequation完全解completesolution名義應(yīng)力nominalstress過應(yīng)力over-stress真應(yīng)力truestress等效應(yīng)力equivalentstress流動應(yīng)力flowstress應(yīng)力間斷stressdiscontinuity應(yīng)力空間stressspace主應(yīng)力空間principalstressspace靜水應(yīng)力狀態(tài)hydrostaticstateofstress對數(shù)應(yīng)變logarithmicstrain工程應(yīng)變engineeringstrain等效應(yīng)變equivalentstrain應(yīng)變局部化strainlocalization應(yīng)變率strainrate應(yīng)變率敏感性strainratesensitivity應(yīng)變空間strainspace有限應(yīng)變finitestrain塑性應(yīng)變增量plasticstrainincrement累積塑性應(yīng)變accumulatedplasticstrain永久變形permanentdeformation內(nèi)變量internalvariable應(yīng)變軟化strain-softening理想剛塑性材料rigid-perfectlyplasticMaterial剛塑性材料rigid-plasticmaterial理想塑性材料perfectlplasticmaterial材料穩(wěn)定性stabilityofmaterial應(yīng)變偏張量deviatorictensorofstrain應(yīng)力偏張量deviatoritensorofstress應(yīng)變球張量sphericaltensorofstrain應(yīng)力球張量sphericaltensorofstress路徑相關(guān)性path-dependency線性強(qiáng)化linearstrain-hardening應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化strain-hardening隨動強(qiáng)化kinematichardening各向同性強(qiáng)化isotropichardening強(qiáng)化模量strain-hardeningmodulus幕強(qiáng)化powerhardening塑性極限彎矩plasticlimitbendingMoment塑性極限扭矩plasticlimittorque彈塑性彎曲elastic-plasticbending彈塑性交界面elastic-plasticinterface彈塑性扭轉(zhuǎn)elastic-plastictorsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非彈性Inelasticity理想彈塑性材料elastic-perfectlyplasticMaterial極限分析limitanalysis極限設(shè)計limitdesign極限面limitsurface上限定理upperboundtheorem上屈服點(diǎn)upperyieldpoint下限定理lowerboundtheorem下屈服點(diǎn)loweryieldpoint界限定理boundtheorem初始屈服面initialyieldsurface后繼屈服面subsequentyieldsurface屈服面［的］外凸性convexityofyieldsurface截面形狀因子shapefactorofcross-section沙堆比擬sandheapanalogy屈服Yield屈服條件yieldcondition屈服準(zhǔn)則yieldcriterion屈服函數(shù)yieldfunction屈服面yieldsurface塑性勢plasticpotential能量吸收裝置energyabsorbingdevice能量耗散率energyabsorbingdevice塑性動力學(xué)dynamicplasticity塑性動力屈曲dynamicplasticbuckling塑性動力響應(yīng)dynamicplasticresponse塑性波plasticwave運(yùn)動容許場kinematicallyadmissibleField靜力容許場staticallyadmissibleField流動法則flowrule速度間斷velocitydiscontinuity滑移線slip-lines滑移線場slip-linesfield移行塑性鉸travellingplastichinge塑性增量理論incrementaltheoryofPlasticity米澤斯屈服準(zhǔn)則Misesyieldcriterion普朗特--羅伊斯關(guān)系prandtl-Reussrelation特雷斯卡屈